202
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome: clinical correlations of the dysmetria of thought hypothesis

Pages 313-322 | Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

  • ALLIN, M., MATSUMOTO, H., SANTHOUSE, A.M., NOSARTI, C., AL ASADY, M.H., STEWART, A.L., et al. (2001). Cognitive and motor function and the size of the cerebellum in adolescents born very pre-term. Brain, 124, 60-66.
  • ANDREASEN, N.C., O’LEARY, D.S., CIZADLO, T., ARNDT, S., REZAI, K., PONTO, L.L., et al. (1996). Schizophrenia and cognitive dysmetria: a positron-emission tomography study of dysfunctional prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 93, 9985-9990.
  • APPOLLONIO, I.M., GRAFMAN, J., SCHWARTZ, V., MASSAQUOI, S. & HALLETT, M. (1993). Memory in patients with cerebellar degeneration. Neurology, 43, 1536-1544.
  • BEAUREGARD, M., LEROUX, J.M., BERGMAN, S., ARZOUMANIAN, Y., BEAUDOIN, G., BOURGOUIN, P., et al. (1998). The functional neuroanatomy of major depression: an fMRI study using an emotional activation paradigm. Neuroreport, 9, 3253-3258.
  • BERMAN, A.J., BERMAN, D. & PRESCOTT, J.W. (1978). The effects of cerebellar lesions on emotional behavior in the rhesus monkey. In: I.S. COOPER, M. RIKLAN & R.S. SNIDER (Eds), The cerebellum, epilepsy and behavior (pp. 277-284). New York: Plenum Press.
  • BERQUIN, P.C., GIEDD, J.N., JACOBSEN, L.K., HAMBURGER, S.D., KRAIN, A.L., RAPOPORT, J.L., et al. (1998). Cerebellum in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a morphometric MRI study. Neurology, 50, 1087-1093.
  • BOTEZ-MARQUARD, T., LÉVEILLÉ, J. & BOTEZ, M.I. (1994). Neuropsycholgical functioning in unilateral cerebellar damage. Canadian Journal of Neurological Science, 21, 353-357.
  • BRACKE-TOLKMITT, R., LINDEN, A., CANAVAN, A.G.M., ROCKSTROH, B., SCHOLZ, E., WESSEL, K., et al. (1989). The cerebellum contributes to mental skills. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 442-446.
  • BROWN, S. (1892). On hereditary ataxia, with a series of twenty-one cases. Brain, 15, 250-282.
  • CASTELLANOS, F.X., GIEDD, J.N., BERQUIN, P.C., WALTER, J.M., SHARP, W., TRAN, T., et al. (2001). Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in girls with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 289-295.
  • CATSMAN-BERREVOETS, C.E., VAN DONGEN, H.R. & ZWETSLOOT, C.P. (1992). Transient loss of speech followed by dysarthria after removal of posterior fossa tumour. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 34, 1102-1109.
  • COGHILL, R.C., SANG, C.N., MAISOG, J.M. & IADAROLA, M.J. (1999). Pain intensity processing within the human brain; a bilateral, distributed mechanism. Journal of Neurophysiology, 82, 1934-1943.
  • COOPER, I.S., RIKLAN, M., AMIN, I. & CULLINAN, T. (1978). A long term follow-up study of cerebellar stimulation for the control of epilepsy. In: I.S. COOPER (Ed.), Cerebellar stimulation in man (pp. 19-38). New York: Raven Press.
  • DENNIS, M., SPIEGLER, B.J., HETHERINGTON, C.R. & GREENBERG, M.L. (1996). Neuropsychological sequelae of the treatment of children with medulloblastoma. Journal of Neurooncology, 29, 91-101.
  • DOW, RS. (1974). Some novel concepts of cerebellar physiology. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine (NY), 41, 103-119.
  • DOW, R.S. & MORUZZI, G. (1958). The physiology and pathology of the cerebellum. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • DOWELL, JR, R.E., COPELAN, D.R., FRANCIS, D.J., FLETCHER, J.M. & STOVALL, M. (1991). Absence of synergistic effects of CNS treatments on neuropsychological test performance among children. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 9, 1029-1036.
  • DUFFNER, P.K., COHEN, M.E. & THOMAS, P. (1983). Late effects of treatment on the intelligence of children with posterior fossa tumors. Cancer, 51, 233-237.
  • DUNWOODY, G.W., ALSAGOFF, Z.S. & YUAN, S.Y. (1997). Cerebellar mutism with subsequent dysarthria in an adult: case report. British Journal of Neurosurgery, 11, 161-163.
  • FIEZ, J.A., PETERSEN, S.E., CHENEY, M.K. & RAICHLE, M.E. (1992). Impaired non-motor learning and error detection associated with cerebellar damage. Brain, 115, 155-178.
  • GESCHWIND, D.H. (1999). Focusing attention on cognitive impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia. Archives of Neurology, 56, 20-22.
  • GLAUSER, T.A. & PACKER, R.J. (1991). Cognitive deficits in long-term survivors of childhood brain tumors. Child’s Nervous System, 7, 2-12.
  • GOMEZ BELDARRAIN, M., GARCIA-MONCO, J.C., QUINTANA, J.M., LLORENS, V. & RODENO, E. (1997). Diaschisis and neuropsychological performance after cerebellar stroke. European Neurology, 37, 82-89.
  • GRAFMAN, J., LITVAN, I., MAASAQUOI, S., STUART, M., SIRIGA, A. & HALLETT, M. (1992). Cognitive planning deficit in patients with cerebellar atrophy. Neurology, 42, 1493-1496.
  • HEATH, R.G. (1977). Modulation of emotion with a brain pacemaker. Treatment for intractable psychiatric illness. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 165, 300-317.
  • HEATH, R.G., FRANKLIN, D.E. & SHRABERG, D. (1979). Gross pathology of the cerebellum in patients diagnosed and treated as functional psychiatric disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 167, 585-592.
  • HODGES, J.R. (1994). Cognitive assessment for clinicians. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • HOLMES, G. (1939). The cerebellum of man (Hughlings Jackson memorial lecture). Brain, 62, 1-30.
  • ICHIMIYA, T., OKUBO, Y., SUHARA, T. & SUDO, Y. (2001). Reduced volume of the cerebellar vermis in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 20-27.
  • KINGMA, A., MOOIJ, J.J., METZEMAEKERS, J.D. & LEEUW, J.A. (1994). Transient mutism and speech disorders after posterior fossa surgery in children with brain tumours. Acta Neurochirurgica, 131, 74-79.
  • KISH, S.J., EL-AWAR, M., SCHUT, L., LEACH, L., OSCAR-BERMAN, M. & FREEDMAN, M. (1988). Cognitive deficits in olivopontocerebellar atrophy: implications for the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer’s dementia. Annals of Neurology, 24, 200-206.
  • KNOEPFEL, H.K. & MACKEN, J. (1947). Le syndrome psycho-organique dans les hérédo-ataxies. Journal of Belge Neurology Psychiatry, 47, 314-323.
  • LANE, R.D., REIMAN, E.M., AHERN, G.L., SCHWARTZ, G.E. & DAVIDSON, R.J. (1997). Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust. American Journal of Psychiatry, 15, 926-933.
  • LEINER, H.C., LEINER, A.L. & DOW, R.S. (1986). Does the cerebellum contribute to mental skills? Behavioral Neuroscience, 100, 443-454.
  • LEVISOHN, L., CRONIN-GOLOMB, A. & SCHMAHMANN, J.D. (2000). Neuropsychological consequences of cerebellar tumor resection in children: cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in a pediatric population. Brain, 123, 1041-1050.
  • LIPPMANN, S., MANSHADI, M., BALDWIN, H., DRASIN, G., RICE, J. & ALRAJEH, S. (1981). Cerebellar vermis dimensions on computerized tomographic scans of schizophrenic and bipolar patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 667-668.
  • LOEBER, R.T., CINTRON, C.M. & YURGELUN-TODD, D.A. (2001). Morphometry of individual cerebellar lobules in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(6),952-954.
  • MALM, J., KRISTENSEN, B., KARLSSON, T., CARLBERG, B., FAGERLUND, M. & OLSSON, T. (1998). Cognitive impairment in young adults with infratentorial infarcts. Neurology, 51, 433-440.
  • MIDDLETON, F.A. & STRICK, P.L. (1997). Cerebellar output channels. In: J.D. SCHMAHMANN (Ed.), The cerebellum and cognition. International Review of Neurobiological, 41, 61-82.
  • MORIGUCHI, I. (1981). A study of schizophrenic brains by computerized tomography scans. Folia Psychiatrica Neurologica Japonica, 35, 55-72.
  • MOSTOFSKY, S.H., REISS, A.L., LOCKHART, P. & DENCKLA, M.B. (1998). Evaluation of cerebellar size in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Neurology, 13, 434-439.
  • NEAU, J.P., ARROYO-ANLLO, E., BONNAUD, V., INGRAND, P. & GIL, R. (2000) Neuropsychological disturbances in cerebellar infarcts. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 102, 363-370.
  • NICOLSON, R.I., FAWCETT, A.J., BERRY, E.L., JENKINS, I.H., DEAN, P. & BROOKS, D.J. (1999). Association of abnormal cerebellar activation with motor learning difficulties in dyslexic adults. Lancet, 353, 1662-1667.
  • PACKER, R.J., SUTTON, L.N., ATKINS, T.E., RADCLIFFE, J., BUNIN, G.R., D’ANGIO, G., et al. (1989). A prospective study of cognitive function in children receiving whole-brain radiotherapy and chemotherapy: 2-year results. Journal of Neurosurgery, 70, 707-713.
  • PARSONS, L.M., EGAN, G., LIOTTI, M., BRANNAN, S., DENTON, D., SHADE, R., et al. (2001). Neuroimaging evidence implicating cerebellum in the experience of hypercapnia and hunger for air. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 98, 2041-2046.
  • PLOGHAUS, A., TRACEY, I., GATI, J.S., CLARE, S., MENON, R.S., MATTHEWS, P.M., et al. (1999). Dissociating pain from its anticipation in the human brain. Science, 284, 1979-1981.
  • POLLAK, L., KLEIN, C., RABEY, J.M. & SCHIFFER, J. (1996). Posterior fossa lesions associated with neuropsychiatric symptomatology. International Journal of Neuroscience, 87, 119-126.
  • POLLACK, I.F., POLINKO, P., ALBRIGHT, A.L., TOWBIN, R. & FRITZ, C. (1995). Mutism and pseudobulbar symptoms after resection of posterior fossa tumors in children: incidence and pathophysiology. Neurosurgery, 37, 885-893.
  • RADCLIFFE, J., PACKER, R.J., ATKINS, T.E., BUNIN, G.R., SCHUT, L., GOLDWEIN, J.W., et al. (1992). Three- and four-year cognitive outcome in children with noncortical brain tumors treated with whole-brain radiotherapy. Annals of Neurology, 32, 551-554.
  • REIMAN, E.M., RAICHLE, M.E., ROBINS, E., MINTUN, M.A., FUSSELMAN, M.J., FOX, P.T., et al. (1989). Neuroanatomical correlates of a lactate-induced anxiety attack. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 493-500.
  • REIS, D.J., DOBA, N. & NATHAN, M.A. (1973). Predatory attack, grooming and consummatory behaviors evoked by electrical stimulation of cat cerebellar nuclei. Science, 182, 845-847.
  • RIVA, D. & GIORGI, C. (2000). The cerebellum contributes to higher function during development: evidence from a series of children surgically treated for posterior fossa tumors. Brain, 123, 1051-1061.
  • SCHMAHMANN, J.D. (1991). An emerging concept: the cerebellar contribution to higher function. Archives of Neurology, 48, 1178-1186.
  • SCHMAHMANN, J.D. (1996). From movement to thought: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing. Human Brain Mapping, 4, 174-198.
  • SCHMAHMANN, J.D. (1997a). Rediscovery of an early concept. In: J.D. SCHMAHMANN (Ed.), The cerebellum and cognition. International Review of Neurobiology, 41, 3-27.
  • SCHMAHMANN, J.D. (1997b). The cerebellum and cognition. International Review of Neurobiology, 41.
  • SCHMAHMANN, J.D. (2000). The role of the cerebellum in affect and psychosis. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 13, 189-214.
  • SCHMAHMANN, J.D. & PANDYA, D.N. (1997). The cerebrocerebellar system. In: J.D. SCHMAHMANN (Ed.), The cerebellum and cognition. International Review of Neurobiology, 41, 31-60.
  • SCHMAHMANN, J.D. & SHERMAN, J.C. (1998a). The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Brain, 121, 561-579. (See Editorial, Brain, 121, 545-546.) SCHMAHMANN, J.D. & SHERMAN, J.C. (1998b). The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (letter). Brain, 121, 2202-2205.
  • SILVERI, M.C., LEGGIO, M.G. & MOLINARI, M. (1994). The cerebellum contributes to linguistic production: a case of agrammatic speech following a right cerebellar lesion. Neurology, 44, 2047-2050.
  • SNIDER, R.S. (1950). Recent contributions to the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 64, 196-219.
  • STAAL, W.G., HULSHOFF POL, H.E., SCHNACK, H.G., VAN HAREN, N.E., SEIFERT, N. & KAHN, R.S. (2001). Structural brain abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia at the extremes of the outcome spectrum. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1140-1142.
  • SVENSSON, P., MINOSHIMA, S., BEYDOUN, A., MORROW, T.J. & CASEY, K.L. (1997). Cerebral processing of acute skin and muscle pain in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 78, 450-460.
  • TATARANNI, A., GAUTIER, J.F., CHEN, K., UECKER, A., BANDY, D., SALBE, A.D., et al. (1999). Neuroanatomical correlates of hunger and satiation in humans using positron emission tomography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 96, 4569-4574.
  • VAN DONGEN, H.R., CATSMAN-BERREVOETS, C.E. & VAN MOURIK, M. (1994). The syndrome of ‘cerebellar’ mutism and subsequent dysarthria. Neurology, 44, 2040-2046.
  • VICTOR, M., ROPPER, A.H. & ADAMS, R.D. (2000). Adams and Victor’s principles of neurology (7th edition). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • VOLZ, H., GASER, C. & SAUER, H. (2000). Supporting evidence for the model of cognitive dysmetria in schizophrenia—a structural magnetic resonance imaging study using deformation-based morphometry. Schizophrenia Research, 46, 45-56.
  • WABER, D.P. & HOLMES, J.M. (1985). Assessing children’s copy productions of the Rey-Osterreith complex figure. Journal of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology, 7, 264-280.
  • WALLESCH, C.-W. & HORN, A. (1990). Long-term effects of cerebellar pathology on cognitive functions. Brain Cognition, 14, 19-25.
  • WATSON, P.J. (1978). Nonmotor functions of the cerebellum. Psychology Bulletin, 85, 944-967.
  • WEINTRAUB, S. & MESULAM, M.-M. (1985). Mental state assessment of young and elderly adults in behavioral neurology. In: M.-M. MESULAM (Ed.), Principles of behavioral neurology (pp. 71-124). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
  • WISOFF, J.H. & EPSTEIN, F.J. (1984). Pseudobulbar palsy after posterior fossa operation in children. Neurosurgery, 15, 707-709.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.