Primary and secondary prevention of child sexual abuse

References

• Allely, C., & Creaby-Attwood, A. (2016). Sexual offending and autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 7, 35–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alper, M., Durose, M. R., & Markman, J. (2018). 2018 update on prisoner recidivism: A 9-year follow-up period (2005-2014). U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/18upr9yfup0514.pdf
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Aos, S., Phipps, P., Barnoski, R., & Lieb, R. (2001). The comparative costs and benefits of programs to reduce crime-Version 4. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
   Google Scholar
• Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S., & Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 58, 469–483. doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0426-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beier, K. M., Ahlers, C. J., Goecker, D., Neutze, J., Mundt, I. A., Hupp, E., & Schaefer, A. G. (2009a). Can pedophiles be reached for primary prevention of child sexual abuse? First results of the Berlin Prevention Project Dunkelfeld (PPD). Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20, 851–867. doi:10.1080/14789940903174188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beier, K. M., Neutze, J., Mundt, I. A., Ahlers, C. J., Goecker, D., Konrad, A., & Schaefer, G. A. (2009b). Encouraging self-identified pedophiles and hebephiles to seek professional help: First results of the Prevention Project Dunkelfeld (PPD). Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 545–549. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowles, R. (2014). Economic analysis of the Stop it Now! UK and Stop it Now! Netherlands Helplines: Summary Report. Retrieved from http://www.natcen.ac.uk/media/338803/stop-it-now-economic-analysis.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Briken, P. (2018). Prävention sexuellen Kindesmissbrauchs im Dunkelfeld – das Hamburger Modell. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 68, 142–161. doi:10.1055/s-0043-121680
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, A., Jago, N., Kerr, J., Nicholls, C. M., Paskell, C., & Webster, S. (2014). Call to keep children safe from sexual abuse: A study use and effects of the Stop it Now! UK and Ireland Helpline. NatCen Social Research, 1–90. Retrieved from https://www.stopitnow.org.uk/files/stop_it_now_evaluation_uk_findings.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, P. (2013). “Castrate ‘Em!”. In K. Harrison & B. Rain (Eds.), The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Legal and Ethical Aspects of Sex Offender Treatment and Management (pp. 129–149). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Cash, B. M., (2016). Self-Identifications, Sexual Development, and Wellbeing in Minor-Attracted People: An., & Exploratory, S. (Unpublished thesis). New York: Cornell University.
   Google Scholar
• Chasan-Taber, L., & Tabachnick, J. (1999). Evaluation of a Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 279–292. doi:10.1177/107906329901100404
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ChildHelpInfoCenter. (2009). Arizona Child Abuse Info Center: Critical information for ensuring the protection of children and youth. Retrieved from: http://childhelpinfocenter.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=42
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, J. (2010). Educating all adults will help to prevent child sex abuse. Community Care, 1827, 18.
   Google Scholar
• DeGue, S., Holt, M. K., Massetti, G. M., Matjasko, J. L., Tharp, A. T., & Valle, L. A. (2012). Looking ahead toward community-level strategies to prevent sexual violence. Journal of Women’s Health, 21, 1–3. doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.3263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon, G., McNally, T., & Winder, B. (2016). An exploration of the relationship between the collecting behaviours of internet sex offenders and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for sentencing and treatment needs. IATSO Conference.
   Google Scholar
• Duell, M. (2018, August 24). Outrage as vigilante paedophile hunters ‘dressed like police’ handcuff a suspect in footage streamed live on Facebook. Daily Mail. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6094351/Outrage-vigilante-paedophile-hunters-dressed-like-police.html
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, M., Mulder, J., van Horn, J., & Stam, J. (2014). Stop it Now! Helpline. Netherlands: A study of its use and effects – English summary. Retrieved from: http://www.natcen.ac.uk/media/338804/stop-it-now-nl-findings.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Evans, M. (2014, October 20). Thousands of paedophiles will escape justice, crime chief admits. The Telegraph. Retrieved from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/11174715/Thousands-ofpaedophiles-will-escape-justice-crime-chiefadmits.html
   Google Scholar
• Fang, X., Brown, D. S., Florence, C. S., & Mercy, J. A. (2012). The economic burden of child maltreatment in the United States and implications for prevention. Child Abuse and Neglect, 36, 156–165. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedoroff, J. P. (2010). Paraphilic Worlds. In C. B. Risen, S. E. Althof, & S. B. Levine (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Sexuality for Mental Health Professionals 2nd Ed. (pp. 401–424). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Felitti, V., & Anda, R. (2009). The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult medical disease, psychiatric disorders, and sexual behavior: Implications for healthcare. In R. Lanius & E. Vermetten (Eds.), The Hidden Epidemic: The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease (pp. 77–86). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Finkelhor, D. (1994). Current information on the scope and nature of child sexual abuse. The Future of Children, 4, 31–53. doi:10.2307/1602522
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finkelhor, D. (2009). The prevention of childhood sexual abuse. The Future of Children, 19, 169–194. doi:10.1353/foc.0.0035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H. A., & Hamby, S. L. (2014). The lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse and sexual assault assessed in late adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55, 329–333. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2001). A structured approach to evaluating change among sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, 105–122. doi:10.1023/A:1026600304489
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1154–1163. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.6.1154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, A., Garcia-Morena, C., & Butchart, A. (2007). Primary prevention of intimate-partner violence and sexual violence. Geneva, Switzerland: Background paper for World Health Organization expert meeting. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/violence/IPV-SV.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Helmus, L., Hanson, R. K., Babchishin, K. M., & Mann, R. E. (2013). Attitudes supportive of sexual offending predict recidivism: A meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 14, 34–53. doi:10.1177/1524838012462244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hingsburger, D., Griffiths, D., & Quinsey, V. (1991). Detecting counterfeit deviance: Differentiating sexual deviance from sexual inappropriateness. Habilitation Mental Health Care Newsletter, 10, 51–54.
   Google Scholar
• Hoberman, H. M. (2016). Personality and sexual offending: Non-sexual motivators and disinhibition in context. In A. Phenix & H. Hoberman (Eds.), Sexual Offending (pp. 119–184). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hocken, K. (2014). How effectively does the Structured Assessment for Risk and Need for Sexual Offenders (SARNSO) assess risk in intellectually disabled sexual offenders? (Unpublished PhD thesis). Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Horn, J. V., Eisenberg, M., Nicholls, C. M., Mulder, J., Webster, S., Paskell, C., … Jago, N. (2015). Stop it Now! A pilot study into the limits and benefits of a free helpline preventing child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24, 853–872. doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.1088914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahnke, S., & Hoyer, J. (2013). Stigmatization of people with pedophilia: A blind spot in stigma research. International Journal of Sexual Health, 25, 169–184. doi:10.1080/19317611.2013.795921
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R., & Hoyer, J. (2015). Stigmatization of people with pedophilia: Two comparative surveys. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 21–34. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0312-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knack, N., Holmes, D., Trunzo, M., & Fedoroff, P. (2017). Motivations to offend: Hands-on vs. hands-off sex offenders. New Orleans, LA: Paper presented at the 69th annual meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Laws, D. R. (2000). Sexual offending as a public health problem: A North American perspective. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 5, 30–44. doi:10.1080/13552600008413294
   Google Scholar
• Leclerc, B., Wortley, R., & Dowling, C. (2016). Situational precipitators and interactive forces in sexual crime events involving adult offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43, 1600–1618. doi:10.1177/0093854816660144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letourneau, E. (2017, September 14). Watch my TEDMED talk on child sexual abuse prevention: Prevention is the only way to end victimization. Psychology Today. Retrieved from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/prevention-now/201709/watch-my-tedmed-talk-child-sexual-abuse-prevention
   Google Scholar
• Letourneau, E. J., Brown, D. S., Fang, X., Hassan, A., & Mercy, J. A. (2018). The economic burden of child sexual abuse in the United States. Child Abuse and Neglect, 79, 413–422. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.02.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malamuth, N., & Huppin, M. (2007). Drawing the line on virtual child pornography: Bringing the law in line with the research evidence. N.Y.U Review of Law and Social Change, 31, 773–789.
   Google Scholar
• Malone, L. (2014). You’re 16. You’re a pedophile. You don’t want to hurt anyone. What do you do now? Retrieved from: https://medium.com/matter/youre-16-youre-a-pedophile-you-dont-want-to-hurt-anyone-what-do-you-do-now-e11ce4b88bdb
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., Eccles, A., & Barbaree, H. E. (1993). A three-tiered approach to the rehabilitation of incarcerated sex offenders. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 11, 441–455. doi:10.1002/bsl.2370110410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., & Marshall, L. E. (2000). The origins of sexual offending. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 1, 250–263. doi:10.1177/1524838000001003003
   Google Scholar
• McCartan, K. F., Merdian, H. L., Perkins, D. E., & Kettleborough, D. (2018). Ethics and issues of secondary prevention efforts in child sexual abuse. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62, 2548–2566. doi:10.1177/0306624X17723951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulden, H. M., & Marshall, W. L. (2005). Hope in the treatment of sexual offenders: The potential application of hope theory. Psychology, Crime, and Law, 11, 329–342. doi:10.1080/10683160512331316361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murrie, D. C., Warren, J. I., Kristiansson, M., & Dietz, P. E. (2002). Asperger’s syndrome in forensic settings. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 1, 59–70. doi:10.1080/14999013.2002.10471161
   Google Scholar
• NatCen Social Research. (2014). A public health approach to tackling child sexual abuse: Research on Stop it Now! UK and Ireland and Stop it Now! Netherlands. Retrieved from http://www.natcen.ac.uk/media/329130/overview-of-study_complete-web.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nunes, K. L., Hermann, C. A., Malcom, J. R., & Lavoie, K. (2013). Childhood sexual victimization, pedophilic interest, and sexual recidivism. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37, 703–711. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paedophile self-help site. (2017). Stop It Now used 1,530 times. BBC News Scotland. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-38922239
   Google Scholar
• Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 328–338. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piché, L., Mathesius, J., Lussier, P., & Schweighofer, A. (2018). Preventative services for sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 30, 63–81. doi:10.1177/1079063216630749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinsey, V. L., & Lalumière, M. L. (1995). Evolutionary perspectives on sexual offending. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 7, 301–315. doi:10.1007/BF02256834
   Google Scholar
• Saied-Tessier, A. (2014). Estimating the costs of child sexual abuse in the UK. NSPCC, 1–44. Retrieved from: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/research-reports/estimating-costs-child-sexual-abuse-uk.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Sandler, J. C., Freeman, N. J., & Socia, K. M. (2008). Does a watched pot boil? Time-series analysis of New York State’s sex offender registration and notification law. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 14, 284–302. doi:10.1037/a0013881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer, G. A., Mundt, I. A., Feelgood, S., Hupp, E., Neutze, J., Ahlers, C. J., … Beier, K. M. (2010). Potential and Dunkelfeld offenders: Two neglected target groups for prevention of child sexual abuse. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 33, 154–163. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2010.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholz, K. (2016, October 25). Model project for paedophiles saved. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved from: http://p.dw.com/p/2RhOs
   Google Scholar
• Seto, M. (2008). Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children: Theory, Assessment, and Intervention. Washington: APA.
   Google Scholar
• Sheath, M. (2016). Secondary prevention and the Lucy Faithfull Foundation. Edinburgh, UK: Paper presented at the annual meeting of NSPCC Rebuilding Childhood.
   Google Scholar
• Stoltenborgh, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16, 79–101. doi:10.1177/1077559511403920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StopSO. (2018). The government is putting children at risk of sexual abuse by failing to fund preventative therapy, says sexual abuse charity. StopSO Press Release. Retrieved from: http://www.stopso.org.uk/press-release/
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, J. (2002). The spiral of sexual abuse: A conceptual framework for understanding child sex offender behavior. NOTA News, 41, 17–21. Retrieved from: https://ncjtc-static.fvtc.edu/Resources/RS00002865.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, J., & Sheehan, V. (2016). What motivates sexual abusers of children? A qualitative examination of the spiral of sexual abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 30, 76–87. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2016.06.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, P., Moore, P., Pezzullo, L., Tucci, J., Goddard, C. D., & Bortoli, L. (2008). The cost of child abuse in Australia. Australian Childhood Foundation and Child Abuse Prevention Research Australia: Melbourne. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264546577_The_Cost_of_Child_Abuse_in_Australia
   Google Scholar
• Testa, M., & West, S. G. (2010). Civil commitment in the United States. Psychiatry (Edgmont)), 7, 30–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tozdan, S., & Briken, P. (2015). ‘I believed I could, so I did’ – A theoretical approach on self-efficacy beliefs to positively influence men with a risk to sexually abuse children. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 104–112. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tozdan, S., Kalt, A., Keller, L. B., & Briken, P. (2018). Keep faith in yourself! A pilot study on the relevance of specific self-efficacy for modifying sexual interest in children among men with a risk to sexually abuse children. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 1, 14. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2018.1437488
   Google Scholar
• Turner-Moore, T., & Waterman, M., (2017). Men presenting with sexual thoughts of children or coercion: Flights of fancy or plans for crime? Journal of Sexual Medicine, 1, 113–124. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.003
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Children’s Fund. (2014). Hidden in plain sight: A statistical analysis of violence against children. Retrieved from: https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Hidden_in_plain_sight_statistical_analysis_Summary_EN_2_Sept_2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ward, T., Hudson, S. M., & France, K. G. (1993). Self-reported reasons for offending behavior in child molesters. Annals of Sex Research, 6, 139–148. doi:10.1007/BF00849304
   Google Scholar
• Ward, T., Mann, R. E., & Gannon, T. A. (2007). The good lives model of offender rehabilitation: Clinical implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 87–107. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2006.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. J., & Donnelly, P. D. (2014). Is violence a disease? Situating violence prevention in public health policy and practice. Public Health, 128, 960–967. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2014.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winder, B., Lievesley, R., Elliott, H., Hocken, K., Faulkner, J., Norman, C., & Kaul, A. (2018). Evaluation of the use of pharmacological treatment with prisoners experiencing high levels of hypersexual disorder. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 29, 53–71. doi:10.1080/14789949.2017.1337801
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2002). World report on violence and abuse [online]. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/full_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wortley, R., & Smallbone, S. (2006). Situational prevention of child sexual abuse. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
   Google Scholar