References
- ACOG. (2011). Committee opinion no. 473: Substance abuse reporting and pregnancy: The role of the obstetrician-gynecologist. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 117(1), 200–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820a6216
- American Nurses Association. (2017). Position statement: Non-punitive treatment for pregnant and breast-feeding women with substance use disorders. American Nurses Association.
- American Society of Addiction Medicine. (2017). Public policy statement on substance use, misuse, and use disorders during and following pregnancy, with an emphasis on opioids. American Society of Addiction Medicine.
- Amnesty International. (2017). Criminalizing pregnancy: policing pregnant women who use drugs in the USA. Amnesty International.
- Atkins, D. N., & Durrance, C. P. (2020). State policies that treat prenatal substance use as child abuse or neglect fail to achieve their intended goals. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 39(5), 756–763. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00785
- Berglas, N. F., Kimport, K., Williams, V., Mark, K., & Roberts, S. C. M. (2019). The health and social service needs of pregnant women who consider but do not have abortions. Women’s Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 29(5), 364–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2019.07.002
- Black women scholars and the research working group of the Black Mamas Matter Alliance (2020). Black maternal health research re-envisioned: Best practices for the conduct of research with, for, and by Black Mamas. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 14(2), 393–415.
- Blair, I. V., Steiner, J. F., Fairclough, D. L., Hanratty, R., Price, D. W., Hirsh, H. K., Wright, L. A., Bronsert, M., Karimkhani, E., Magid, D. J., & Havranek, E. P. (2013). Clinicians’ implicit ethnic/racial bias and perceptions of care among Black and Latino patients. The Annals of Family Medicine, 11(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1442
- Bowers, O., Stewart, J., & Scott, C. (2014). Tennessee’s fetal assault law: Understanding its impact on marginalized women. https://www.sisterreach.org/uploads/1/3/3/2/133261658/full_fetal_assault_rpt_1.pdf
- Bray, S. R., & McLemore, M. R. (2021). Demolishing the myth of the default human that is killing Black mothers. frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.675788
- Brown, Q. L., Sarvet, A. L., Shmulewitz, D., Martins, S. S., Wall, M. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2017). Trends in marijuana use among pregnant and nonpregnant reproductive-aged women, 2002–2014. JAMA, 317(2), 207–209. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17383
- Brownson, R. C., Chriqui, J. F., & Stamatakis, K. A. (2009). Understanding evidence-based public health policy. American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1576–1583. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.156224
- Brownson, R. C., Fielding, J. E., & Maylahn, C. M. (2009). Evidence-based public health: A fundamental concept for public health practice. Annual Review of Public Health, 30, 175–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100134
- Burris, S., Ashe, M., Levin, D., Penn, M., & Larkin, M. (2016). A transdisciplinary approach to public health law: The emerging practice of legal epidemiology. Annual Review of Public Health, 37, 135–148. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021841
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (2009). Alcohol use among pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age - United States, 1991–2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 58(19), 529–532.
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (1997). Alcohol consumption among pregnant and childbearing-aged women–United States, 1991 and 1995. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 46(16), 346–350.
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2002). Alcohol use among women of childbearing age–United States, 1991–1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51(13), 273–276.
- Chasnoff, I. J., Landress, H. J., & Barrett, M. E. (1990). The prevalence of illicit-drug or alcohol use during pregnancy and discrepancies in mandatory reporting in Pinellas County, Florida. The New England Journal of Medicine, 322(17), 1202–1206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199004263221706
- Chavkin, W., & Breitbart, V. (1996). Reproductive health and blurred professional boundaries. Women’s Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 6(2), 89–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/1049-3867(95)00078-X
- Covington, T. (2020). Transforming child welfare systems to a 21st century model that strengthens and supports families and communities: Innovations from the field. Alliance for Strong Families and Communities. Retrieved December 4, 2020, from. http://familyfirstact.org/sites/default/files/Transforming%20Child%20Welfare%20Systems.pdf
- Crombie, N. (2020, November 4). Oregon decriminalizes possession of street drugs, becoming first in nation. The Oregonian. https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2020/11/oregon-decriminalizes-possession-of-street-drugs-becoming-first-in-nation.html
- Democratic Party Platform (2020). Retrieved November 18, 2020, from https://www.demconvention.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/2020-07-31-Democratic-Party-Platform-For-Distribution.pdf
- Denny, C. H., Acero, C. S., Naimi, T. S., & Kim, S. Y. (2019). Consumption of alcohol beverages and binge drinking among pregnant women aged 18–44 years - United States, 2015–2017. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(16), 365–368. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6816a1
- Dettlaff, A. J., Weber, K., Pendleton, M., Boyd, R., Bettencourt, B., & Burton, L. (2020). It is not a broken system, it is a system that needs to be broken: The upEND movement to abolish the child welfare system. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 14(5), 500–518. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2020.1814542
- Drug Policy Alliance. (2018). The drug war, mass incarceration and race.
- Faherty, L. J., Kranz, A. M., Russell-Fritch, J., Patrick, S. W., Cantor, J., & Stein, B. D. (2019). Association of punitive and reporting state policies related to substance use in pregnancy with rates of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. JAMA Network Open, 2(11), e1914078. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14078
- Fellner, J. (2009). Race, drugs, and law enforcement in the United States. Stanford Law & Policy Review, 20, 257.
- Frank, D. A., Augustyn, M., Knight, W. G., Pell, T., & Zuckerman, B. (2001). Growth, development, and behavior in early childhood following prenatal cocaine exposure: A systematic review. JAMA, 285(12), 1613–1625. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.12.1613
- Ginsburg, H. J., Raffeld, P., Alanis, K. L., & Boyce, A. S. (2006). Comparing attitudes about legal sanctions and teratogenic effects for cocaine, alcohol, tobacco and caffeine: A randomized, independent samples design. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 1(1), 4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-1-4
- Golden, J. (2000). “A tempest in a cocktail glass”: Mothers, alcohol, and television, 1977–1996. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 25(3), 473–498. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-25-3-473
- Golden, J. L. (2005). Message in a bottle: The making of fetal alcohol syndrome. Harvard University Press.
- Gomez, L. E. (1997). Misconceiving mothers: Legislators, prosecutors, and the politics of prenatal drug exposure. Temple University Press.
- Gorman, M. C., Orme, K. S., Nguyen, N. T., Kent 3rd, E. J., & Caughey, A. B. (2014). Outcomes in pregnancies complicated by methamphetamine use. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 211(4), 429 e421–429 e427.
- Gottlieb, L., Fichtenberg, C., Alderwick, H., & Adler, N. (2019). Social determinants of health: What’s a healthcare system to do? Journal of Healthcare Management / American College of Healthcare Executives, 64(4), 243–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/JHM-D-18-00160
- Hasin, D. S., Shmulewitz, D., & Keyes, K. (2019). Alcohol use and binge drinking among U.S. men, pregnant and non-pregnant women ages 18–44: 2002–2017. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 205, 107590. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107590
- Hoerr, J. J., Heard, A. M., Baker, M. M., Fogel, J., Glassgow, A. E., Kling, W. C., Clark, M. D., & Ronayne, J. P. (2018). Substance-exposed newborn infants and public health law: differences in addressing the legal mandate to report. Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 206–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.021
- Human Rights Watch. (2000). Punishment and prejudice: Racial disparities in the war on drugs. Human Rights Watch.
- Humphries, D. (1999). Crack mothers: Pregnancy, drugs, and the media. Ohio State University Press.
- Hutchison, E. D. (2011). Life course theory. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence. Springer.
- Jones, C. P. (2018). Toward the science and practice of anti-racism: Launching a national campaign against racism. Ethnicity & Disease, 28(Suppl 1), 231–234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.S1.231
- Jones, K. L., & Smith, D. W. (1975). The fetal alcohol syndrome. Teratology, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420120102
- Klieger, S. B., Gutman, A., Allen, L., Pacula, R. L., Ibrahim, J. K., & Burris, S. (2017). Mapping medical marijuana: State laws regulating patients, product safety, supply chains and dispensaries, 2017. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 112(12), 2206–2216. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13910
- Lees, B., Mewton, L., Stapinski, L. A., Teesson, M., & Squeglia, L. M. (2020). Association of prenatal alcohol exposure with preadolescent alcohol sipping in the ABCD study(R). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 214, 108187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108187
- Massey, D., Condran, G., & Denton, N. (1987). The effect of residential segregation on Black social and economic well-being. Social Forces, 66(1), 29–56.
- May, P. A., Gossage, J. P., Marais, A.-S., Hendricks, L. S., Snell, C. L., Tabachnick, B. G., Stellavato, C., Buckley, D. G., Brooke, L. E., & Viljoen, D. L. (2008). Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome in South Africa: A third study. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 32(5), 738–753. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00634.x
- McTavish, J. R., Kimber, M., Devries, K., Colombini, M., MacGregor, J. C. D., Wathen, N., & MacMillan, H. L. (2019). Children’s and caregivers’ perspectives about mandatory reporting of child maltreatment: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies . BMJ Open, 9(4), e025741. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025741
- Muennig, P., Caleyachetty, R., Rosen, Z., & Korotzer, A. (2015). More money, fewer lives: the cost effectiveness of welfare reform in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 105(2), 324–328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302235
- Murphy, S., & Rosenbaum, M. (1999). Pregnant women on drugs: Combating stereotypes and stigma. Rutgers University Press.
- National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine (2017). The root causes of health inequity. In A. Baciu, Y. Negussie, A. Geller, & J. N. Weinstein (Eds.), Communities in action: Pathways to health equity. The National Academies Press.
- National Academies of Sciences. (2017). The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research. National Academies Press.
- New Mexico (2020). House Bill 230. Retrieved December 2, from https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/19%20Regular/bills/house/HB0230.pdf
- NIAAA. (2016). Alcohol policy information system. NIAAA.
- NIAAA. (2020). Alcohol policy information system. Recreational use of Cannabis: Volume 1. https://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/cannabis-policy-topics/recreational-use-of-cannabis-volume-1/104
- Nichols, L. M., & Taylor, L. A. (2018). Social determinants as public goods: A new approach to financing key investments in healthy communities. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 37(8), 1223–1230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0039
- O’Leary, C. M., & Bower, C. (2012). Guidelines for pregnancy: What’s an acceptable risk, and how is the evidence (finally) shaping up? Drug and Alcohol Review, 31(2), 170–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00331.x
- Paltrow, L. M. (2002). The war on drugs and the war on abortion: Some initial thoughts on the connections, intersections and effects. Reproductive Health Matters, 10(19), 162–170. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-8080(02)00013-7
- Petersen, E. E., Davis, N. L., Goodman, D., Cox, S., Syverson, C., Seed, K., Shapiro-Mendoza, C., Callaghan, W. M., & Barfield, W. (2019). Racial/ethnic disparities in pregnancy-related deaths - United States, 2007–2016. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(35), 762–765. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6835a3
- Pies, C., & Kotelchuck, M. (2014). Bringing the MCH life course perspective to life. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(2), 335–338. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1408-5
- Pies, C., Parthasarathy, P., & Posner, S. F. (2012). Integrating the life course perspective into a local maternal and child health program. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(3), 649–655. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0800-2
- Pimpare, S. (2013). Welfare reform at 15 and the state of policy analysis. Social Work, 58(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/sws057
- Prindle, J. J., Hammond, I., & Putnam-Hornstein, E. (2018). Prenatal substance exposure diagnosed at birth and infant involvement with child protective services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 75–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.002
- Putnam-Hornstein, E., Prindle, J. J., & Leventhal, J. M. (2016). Prenatal substance exposure and reporting of child maltreatment by race and ethnicity. PEDIATRICS, 138(3), e20161273–e20161273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1273
- Rebbe, R., Mienko, J. A., Brown, E., & Rowhani-Rahbar, A. (2019). Child protection reports and removals of infants diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure. Child Abuse & Neglect, 88, 28–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.001
- Republican Platform 2020 (2020). Retrieved November 18, from https://prod-cdn-static.gop.com/static/home/data/platform.pdf
- Richardson, S. S., Daniels, C. R., Gillman, M. W., Golden, J., Kukla, R., Kuzawa, C., & Rich-Edwards, J. (2014). Society: Don’t blame the mothers. Nature, 512(7513), 131–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/512131a
- Roberts, D. E. (2002). Shattered bonds: The color of child welfare. Basic Books.
- Roberts, D. E. (2020). Abolishing policing also means abolishing family regulation. The Imprint. https://imprintnews.org/child-welfare-2/abolishing-policing-also-means-abolishing-family-regulation/44480
- Roberts, S. C. M. (2019). The presence and consequences of abortion aversion in scientific research related to alcohol use during pregnancy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2888. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162888
- Roberts, S. C. M. (2020). Good intentions are not enough: Truly supporting pregnant women with substance use disorders requires evaluating the impact of our policies and practices. Women’s Reproductive Health, 7(3), 181–184. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2020.1780398
- Roberts, S. C. M., & Nuru-Jeter, A. (2010). Women’s perspectives on screening for alcohol and drug use in prenatal care. Women’s Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 20(3), 193–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2010.02.003
- Roberts, S. C. M., & Nuru-Jeter, A. (2012). Universal screening for alcohol and drug use and racial disparities in child protective services reporting. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 39(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-011-9247-x
- Roberts, S. C. M., & Pies, C. (2011). Complex calculations: how drug use during pregnancy becomes a barrier to prenatal care. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(3), 333–341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-010-0594-7
- Roberts, S. C. M., Mericle, A. A., Subbaraman, M. S., Thomas, S., Treffers, R. D., Delucchi, K. L., & Kerr, W. C. (2019). State policies targeting alcohol use during pregnancy and alcohol use among pregnant women 1985–2016: Evidence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Women’s health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 29(3), 213–221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2019.02.001
- Roberts, S. C. M., Thomas, S., Treffers, R., & Drabble, L. (2017). Forty years of state alcohol and pregnancy policies in the USA: Best practices for public health or efforts to restrict women’s reproductive rights? Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 52(6), 715–721. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx047
- Roberts, S. C. M., Zahnd, E., Sufrin, C., & Armstrong, M. A. (2015). Does adopting a prenatal substance use protocol reduce racial disparities in CPS reporting related to maternal drug use? A California case study. Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association, 35(2), 146–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2014.168
- Salemi, J. L., Raza, S. A., Modak, S., Fields-Gilmore, J. A. R., Mejia de Grubb, M. C., & Zoorob, R. J. (2020). The association between use of opiates, cocaine, and amphetamines during pregnancy and maternal postpartum readmission in the United States: A retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 210, 107963. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107963
- Sayal, K., Heron, J., Golding, J., Alati, R., Smith, G. D., Gray, R., & Emond, A. (2009). Binge pattern of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and childhood mental health outcomes: Longitudinal population-based study. Pediatrics, 123(2), e289–e296. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1861
- Scott, K. A., Britton, L., & McLemore, M. R. (2019). The ethics of perinatal care for Black women: dismantling the structural racism in “mother blame” narratives. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 33(2), 108–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000394
- Segal, M., Palsgrove, G., Sevy, T. D., & Collins, T. E. (1983). The 1990 prevention objectives for alcohol and drug misuse: Progress report. Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974), 98(5), 426–435.
- Siegel, L. (1997). The pregnancy police fight the war on drugs. In C. Reinarman & H. G. Levine, eds. Crack in America: Demon drugs and social justice. University of California Press.
- Sokol, R. J., Delaney-Black, V., & Nordstrom, B. (2003). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. JAMA, 290(22), 2996–2999. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.22.2996
- Stone, R. (2015). Pregnant women and substance use: fear, stigma, and barriers to care. Health & Justice, 3(1), 2. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-015-0015-5
- Strandberg-Larsen, K., Gronboek, M., Andersen, A. M., Andersen, P. K., & Olsen, J. (2009). Alcohol drinking pattern during pregnancy and risk of infant mortality. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 20(6), 884–891. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181bbd46c
- Strandberg-Larsen, K., Nielsen, N. R., Gronbaek, M., Andersen, P. K., Olsen, J., & Andersen, A. M. (2008). Binge drinking in pregnancy and risk of fetal death. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 111(3), 602–609. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181661431
- Subbaraman, M. S., & Roberts, S. C. M. (2019). Costs associated with policies regarding alcohol use during pregnancy: Results from 1972–2015 Vital Statistics. PLoS One, 14(5), e0215670. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215670
- Subbaraman, M. S., Thomas, S., Treffers, R., Delucchi, K., Kerr, W. C., Martinez, P., & Roberts, S. C. M. (2018). Associations between state-level policies regarding alcohol use among pregnant women, adverse birth outcomes, and prenatal care utilization: Results from 1972 to 2013 Vital Statistics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42(8), 1511–1517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13804
- Texas Senate Bill 195 (2020). Retrieved December 2, from https://legiscan.com/TX/bill/SB195/2019
- Thomas, S., Treffers, R., Berglas, N. F., Drabble, L., & Roberts, S. C. M. (2018). Drug use during pregnancy policies in the United States from 1970 to 2016. Contemporary Drug Problems, 45(4), 441–459. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0091450918790790
- Thompson, D. (2020). Policy Brief: Drug testing and public assistance. Retrieved December 2, 2020, from https://www.clasp.org/sites/default/files/publications/2019/02/2019_drug%20testing%20and%20public%20_0.pdf
- Tonry, M. (1994). Racial politics, racial disparities, and the war on crime. Crime & Delinquency, 40(4), 475–494. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040004001
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Healthy People 2030: Pregnancy & Childbirth. (2020). Retrieved November 20, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/pregnancy-and-childbirth
- U.S. General Accounting Office (2020). Child welfare: Opportunities to further enhance family preservation and support activities. Retrieved December 2, 1995, from https://www.gao.gov/assets/230/221304.pdf
- Volkow, N. D., Han, B., Compton, W. M., & McCance-Katz, E. F. (2019). Self-reported medical and nonmedical cannabis use among pregnant women in the United States. JAMA, 322(2), 167–169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.7982
- Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2001). Racial residential segregation: A fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974), 116(5), 404–416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/phr/116.5.404
- Woodruff, K., & Roberts, S. C. M. (2019). Alcohol during pregnancy? Nobody does that anymore”: State legislators’ use of evidence in making policy on alcohol use in pregnancy. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 80(3), 380–388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2019.80.380
- World Health Organization. (2006). Constitution of the World Health Organization. World Health Organization.
- Zhao, G., Ford, E. S., Tsai, J., Li, C., Ahluwalia, I. B., Pearson, W. S., Balluz, L. S., & Croft, J. B. (2012). Trends in health-related behavioral risk factors among pregnant women in the United States: 2001-2009. j Womens Health (Larchmt), 21(3), 255–263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2011.2931