385
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Prevalence and incidence of psychotic disorders in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a meta-analysis

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 676-688 | Received 14 Jun 2022, Accepted 06 Sep 2022, Published online: 14 Sep 2022

References

  • Armando, M., Girardi, P., Vicari, S., Menghini, D., Digilio, M. C., Pontillo, M., Saba, R., Mazzone, L., Lin, A., Klier, C. M., Schäfer, M. R., & Amminger, G. P. (2012). Adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis with and without 22q11 deletion syndrome: a comparison of prodromal psychotic symptoms and general functioning. Schizophrenia Research, 139(1-3), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.04.020
  • Bassett, A. S., Chow, E. W. C., AbdelMalik, P., Gheorghiu, M., Husted, J., & Weksberg, R. (2003). The schizophrenia phenotype in 22q11 deletion syndrome. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(9), 1580–1586. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1580
  • Bassett, A. S., Chow, E. W. C., Husted, J., Weksberg, R., Caluseriu, O., Webb, G. D., & Gatzoulis, M. A. (2005). Clinical features of 78 adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 138(4), 307–313.
  • Bassett, A. S., Lowther, C., Merico, D., Costain, G., Chow, E. W. C., van Amelsvoort, T., McDonald-McGinn, D., Gur, R. E., Swillen, A., Van den Bree, M., Murphy, K., Gothelf, D., Bearden, C. E., Eliez, S., Kates, W., Philip, N., Sashi, V., Campbell, L., Vorstman, J., … Marshall, C. R, International 22q11.2DS Brain and Behavior Consortium (2017). Rare genome-wide copy number variation and expression of schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(11), 1054–1063. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16121417
  • Bertran, M., Tagle, F. P., & Irarrazaval, M. (2018). Psychiatric manifestations of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a literature review. Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain), 33(2), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.07.014
  • Biswas, A. B., & Furniss, F. (2016). Cognitive phenotype and psychiatric disorder in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 53-54, 242–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.02.010
  • Bretelle, F., Beyer, L., Pellissier, M. C., Missirian, C., Sigaudy, S., Gamerre, M., D'Ercole, C., & Philip, N. (2010). Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. European Journal of Medical Genetics, 53(6), 367–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.07.008
  • Butcher, N. J., Kiehl, T.-R., Hazrati, L.-N., Chow, E. W. C., Rogaeva, E., Lang, A. E., & Bassett, A. S. (2013). Association between early-onset parkinson disease and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome identification of a novel genetic form of parkinson disease and its clinical implications. JAMA Neurology, 70(11), 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3646
  • Catalan, A., Salazar de Pablo, G., Aymerich, C., Damiani, S., Sordi, V., Radua, J., Oliver, D., McGuire, P., Giuliano, A. J., Stone, W. S., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2021). Neurocognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(8), 859. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1290
  • Catalan, A., Salazar de Pablo, G., Vaquerizo Serrano, J., Mosillo, P., Baldwin, H., Fernández‐Rivas, A., Moreno, C., Arango, C., Correll, C. U., Bonoldi, I., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2021). Annual Research Review: Prevention of psychosis in adolescents - systematic review and meta-analysis of advances in detection, prognosis and intervention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(5), 657–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13322
  • Cooper, S.-A., Smiley, E., Morrison, J., Williamson, A., & Allan, L. (2007). Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science, 190, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022483
  • Davies, R. W., Fiksinski, A. M., Breetvelt, E. J., Williams, N. M., Hooper, S. R., Monfeuga, T., Bassett, A. S., Owen, M. J., Gur, R. E., Morrow, B. E., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Swillen, A., Chow, E. W. C., van den Bree, M., Emanuel, B. S., Vermeesch, J. R., van Amelsvoort, T., Arango, C., Armando, M., … Vorstman, J. A. S., International 22q11.2 Brain and Behavior Consortium. (2020). Using common genetic variation to examine phenotypic expression and risk prediction in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Nature Medicine, 26(12), 1912–1918. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1103-1
  • Delio, M., Guo, T., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Zackai, E., Herman, S., Kaminetzky, M., Higgins, A. M., Coleman, K., Chow, C., Jalbrzikowski, M., Jarlbrzkowski, M., Bearden, C. E., Bailey, A., Vangkilde, A., Olsen, L., Olesen, C., Skovby, F., Werge, T. M., Templin, L., … Morrow, B. E. (2013). Enhanced maternal origin of the 22q11.2 deletion in velocardiofacial and digeorge syndromes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 92(3), 439–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.01.018
  • DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986). Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials, 7(3), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
  • Driscoll, D. A. (2001). Prenatal diagnosis of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genetics in Medicine : official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 3(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/00125817-200101000-00004
  • Estradé, A., Salazar de Pablo, G., Zanotti, A., Wood, S., Fisher, H. L., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2022). Public health primary prevention implemented by clinical high-risk services for psychosis. Translational Psychiatry, 12(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01805-4
  • Fiksinski, A. M. (2021). A normative chart for cognitive development in a genetically selected population. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(7):1379–1386.
  • Fusar-Poli, P., Bechdolf, A., Taylor, M. J., Bonoldi, I., Carpenter, W. T., Yung, A. R., & McGuire, P. (2013). At risk for schizophrenic or affective psychoses? A meta-analysis of DSM/ICD diagnostic outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39(4), 923–932. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs060
  • Fusar-Poli, P., Cappucciati, M., Bonoldi, I., Hui, L. M. C., Rutigliano, G., Stahl, D. R., Borgwardt, S., Politi, P., Mishara, A. L., Lawrie, S. M., Carpenter, W. T., & McGuire, P. K. (2016). Prognosis of brief psychotic episodes: a meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(3), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2313
  • Fusar-Poli, P., Cappucciati, M., De Micheli, A., Rutigliano, G., Bonoldi, I., Tognin, S., Ramella-Cravaro, V., Castagnini, A., & McGuire, P. (2017). Diagnostic and prognostic significance of brief limited intermittent Psychotic Symptoms (BLIPS) in individuals at ultra high risk. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw151
  • Fusar-Poli, P., De Micheli, A., Chalambrides, M., Singh, A., Augusto, C., & McGuire, P. (2019). Unmet needs for treatment in 102 individuals with brief and limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS): implications for current clinical recommendations. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, e67.
  • Fusar-Poli, P., Salazar de Pablo, G., Correll, C. U., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Millan, M. J., Borgwardt, S., Galderisi, S., Bechdolf, A., Pfennig, A., Kessing, L. V., van Amelsvoort, T., Nieman, D. H., Domschke, K., Krebs, M.-O., Koutsouleris, N., McGuire, P., Do, K. Q., & Arango, C. (2020). Prevention of psychosis: advances in detection, prognosis, and intervention. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(7), 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4779
  • Fusar-Poli, P., Salazar de Pablo, G., Rajkumar, R. P., López-Díaz, Á., Malhotra, S., Heckers, S., Lawrie, S. M., & Pillmann, F. (2022). Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of brief psychotic episodes: a review and research agenda. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 9(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00121-8
  • Gerdes, M., Solot, C., Wang, P. P., Moss, E., LaRossa, D., Randall, P., Goldmuntz, E., Clark, B. J., Driscoll, D. A., Jawad, A., Emanuel, B. S., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Batshaw, M. L., & Zackai, E. H. (1999). Cognitive and behavior profile of preschool children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 85(2), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990716)85:2 < 127::AID-AJMG6 > 3.0.CO;2-F
  • Gothelf, D., Schneider, M., Green, T., Debbané, M., Frisch, A., Glaser, B., Zilkha, H., Schaer, M., Weizman, A., & Eliez, S. (2013). Risk factors and the evolution of psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a longitudinal 2-site study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(11), 1192–1203.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.08.008
  • Guipponi, M., Santoni, F., Schneider, M., Gehrig, C., Bustillo, X. B., Kates, W. R., Morrow, B., Armando, M., Vicari, S., Sloan-Béna, F., Gagnebin, M., Shashi, V., Hooper, S. R., Eliez, S., & Antonarakis, S. E. (2017). No evidence for the presence of genetic variants predisposing to psychotic disorders on the non-deleted 22q11.2 allele of VCFS patients. Translational Psychiatry, 7(2), e1039–e1039. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.258
  • Hacıhamdioğlu, B., Berberoğlu, M., Şıklar, Z., Doğu, F., Bilir, P., Savaş Erdeve, Ş., İkincioğulları, A., & Öçal, G. (2011). Case report: two patients with partial DiGeorge syndrome presenting with attention disorder and learning difficulties. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, 3(2), 95–97. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.v3i2.19
  • Jhawar, N., Brown, M. J., Cutler-Landsman, D., Kates, W. R., Angkustsiri, K., & Antshel, K. M. (2021). Longitudinal psychiatric and developmental outcomes in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A systematic review. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP, 42(5), 415–427.
  • Jongsma, H. E., Turner, C., Kirkbride, J. B., & Jones, P. B. (2019). International incidence of psychotic disorders, 2002-17: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Public Health, 4(5), e229–e244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30056-8
  • Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Marshall, C. R., Howrigan, D. P., Merico, D., Thiruvahindrapuram, B., Wu, W., Greer, D. S., Antaki, D., Shetty, A., Holmans, P. A., Pinto, D., Gujral, M., Brandler, W. M., Malhotra, D., Wang, Z., Fajarado, K. V. F., Maile, M. S., Ripke, S., Agartz, I., Albus, M., … Sebat, J., CNV and Schizophrenia Working Groups of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. (2017). Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects. Nature Genetics, 49(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3725
  • McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Kirschner, R., Goldmuntz, E., Sullivan, K., Eicher, P., Gerdes, M., Moss, E., Solot, C., Wang, P., Jacobs, I., Handler, S., Knightly, C., Heher, K., Wilson, M., Ming, J. E., Grace, K., Driscoll, D., Pasquariello, P., Randall, P., … Zackai, E. H. (1999). The Philadelphia story: The 22q11.2 deletion: Report on 250 patients. Genetic Counseling (Geneva, Switzerland), 10(1), 11–24.
  • McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Sullivan, K. E., Marino, B., Philip, N., Swillen, A., Vorstman, J. A. S., Zackai, E. H., Emanuel, B. S., Vermeesch, J. R., Morrow, B. E., Scambler, P. J., & Bassett, A. S. (2015). 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1(1), 15071. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.71
  • McGlashan, T. H., &  W. B., Wood, S. J. (2010). The Psychosis-Risk Syndrome: Handbook for Diagnosis and Follow-up. Oxford University Press.
  • McLean-Tooke, A., Spickett, G. P., & Gennery, A. R. (2007). Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 66(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01949.x
  • Minichino, A., Rutigliano, G., Merlino, S., Davies, C., Oliver, D., De Micheli, A., Patel, R., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2019). Unmet needs in patients with brief psychotic disorders: Too ill for clinical high risk services and not ill enough for first episode services. European Psychiatry : The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 57, 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.12.006
  • Modesti, P. A., Reboldi, G., Cappuccio, F. P., Agyemang, C., Remuzzi, G., Rapi, S., Perruolo, E., & Parati, G, ESH Working Group on CV Risk in Low Resource Settings (2016). Panethnic Differences in Blood Pressure in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 11(1), e0147601. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147601
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G, PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
  • Monks, S., Niarchou, M., Davies, A. R., Walters, J. T. R., Williams, N., Owen, M. J., van den Bree, M. B. M., & Murphy, K. C. (2014). Further evidence for high rates of schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Schizophrenia Research, 153(1-3), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.020
  • Morrow, B. E., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Emanuel, B. S., Vermeesch, J. R., & Scambler, P. J. (2018). Molecular genetics of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 176(10), 2070–2081. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.40504
  • Napoletano, F., Andlauer, O., Murguia-Asensio, S., Eranti, S. V., Akyuz, E., Estradé, A., Buhagiar, J., David, C., Fusar-Poli, P., & Gupta, S. (2022). Establishing a business case for setting up early detection services for preventing psychosis. BJPsych Bulletin, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2022.7
  • Niarchou, M., Chawner, S. J., Fiksinski, A., Vorstman, J. A., Maeder, J., Schneider, M., Eliez, S., Armando, M., Pontillo, M., Vicari, S., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Emanuel, B. S., Zackai, E. H., Bearden, C. E., Shashi, V., Hooper, S. R., Owen, M. J., Gur, R. E., Wray, N. R., van den Bree, M. B., & Thapar, A. (2019). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms as antecedents of later psychotic outcomes in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Schizophrenia Research, 204, 320–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.044
  • Padula, M. C., Schaer, M., Armando, M., Sandini, C., Zöller, D., Scariati, E., Schneider, M., & Eliez, S. (2018). Cortical morphology development in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Psychological Medicine, 48(14), 2375–2383. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717003920
  • Park, I.-S., Ko, J.-K., Kim, Y.-H., Yoo, H.-W., Seo, E.-J., Choi, J.-Y., Gil, H.-Y., & Kim, S.-J. (2007). Cardiovascular anomalies in patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion: A Korean multicenter study. International Journal of Cardiology, 114(2), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.12.029
  • Perälä, J., Suvisaari, J., Saarni, S. I., Kuoppasalmi, K., Isometsä, E., Pirkola, S., Partonen, T., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Hintikka, J., Kieseppä, T., Härkänen, T., Koskinen, S., & Lönnqvist, J. (2007). Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.1.19
  • Salazar de Pablo, G., Besana, F., Arienti, V., Catalan, A., Vaquerizo-Serrano, J., Cabras, A., Pereira, J., Soardo, L., Coronelli, F., Kaur, S., da Silva, J., Oliver, D., Petros, N., Moreno, C., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Díaz-Caneja, C. M., Shin, J. I., Politi, P., Solmi, M., … Fusar-Poli, P. (2021b). Longitudinal outcome of attenuated positive symptoms, negative symptoms, functioning and remission in people at clinical high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 36, 100909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100909
  • Salazar de Pablo, G., Catalan, A., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2020a). Clinical validity of DSM-5 attenuated psychosis syndrome: advances in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(3), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3561
  • Salazar de Pablo, G., Estradé, A., Cutroni, M., Andlauer, O., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2021c). Establishing a clinical service to prevent psychosis: What, how and when? Systematic review. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01165-x
  • Salazar de Pablo, G., Radua, J., Pereira, J., Bonoldi, I., Arienti, V., Besana, F., Soardo, L., Cabras, A., Fortea, L., Catalan, A., Vaquerizo-Serrano, J., Coronelli, F., Kaur, S., Da Silva, J., Shin, J. I., Solmi, M., Brondino, N., Politi, P., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2021a). Probability of transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk: an updated meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(9), 970–978. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0830
  • Salazar de Pablo, G., Soardo, L., Cabras, A., Pereira, J., Kaur, S., Besana, F., Arienti, V., Coronelli, F., Shin, J. I., Solmi, M., Petros, N., Carvalho, A. F., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2022). Clinical outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis who do not transition to psychosis: a meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 31, e9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796021000639
  • Schneider, M., Armando, M., Pontillo, M., Vicari, S., Debbané, M., Schultze-Lutter, F., & Eliez, S. (2016). Ultra high risk status and transition to psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. World Psychiatry : official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 15(3), 259–265.
  • Schneider, M., Debbané, M., Bassett, A. S., Chow, E. W. C., Fung, W. L. A., van den Bree, M., Owen, M., Murphy, K. C., Niarchou, M., Kates, W. R., Antshel, K. M., Fremont, W., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Gur, R. E., Zackai, E. H., Vorstman, J., Duijff, S. N., Klaassen, P. W. J., Swillen, A., … Eliez, S., International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. (2014). Psychiatric disorders from childhood to adulthood in 22q11.2 Deletion syndrome: results from the international consortium on brain and behavior in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(6), 627–639. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070864
  • Solmi, M., Radua, J., Olivola, M., Croce, E., Soardo, L., Salazar de Pablo, G., Il Shin, J., Kirkbride, J. B., Jones, P., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. Y., Carvalho, A. F., Seeman, M. V., Correll, C. U., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2022). Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(1), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01161-7
  • Solot, C. B., Gerdes, M., Kirschner, R. E., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Moss, E., Woodin, M., Aleman, D., Zackai, E. H., & Wang, P. P. (2001). Communication issues in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: children at risk. Genetics in Medicine : official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 3(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/00125817-200101000-00015
  • Stroup, D. F., Berlin, J. A., Morton, S. C., Olkin, I., Williamson, G. D., Rennie, D., Moher, D., Becker, B. J., Sipe, T. A., & Thacker, S. B. (2000). Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA, 283(15), 2008–2012. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.15.2008
  • Sun, D., Ching, C. R. K., Lin, A., Forsyth, J. K., Kushan, L., Vajdi, A., Jalbrzikowski, M., Hansen, L., Villalon-Reina, J. E., Qu, X., Jonas, R. K., van Amelsvoort, T., Bakker, G., Kates, W. R., Antshel, K. M., Fremont, W., Campbell, L. E., McCabe, K. L., Daly, E., … Bearden, C. E. (2020). Large-scale mapping of cortical alterations in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Convergence with idiopathic psychosis and effects of deletion size. Molecular Psychiatry, 25(8), 1822–1834. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0078-5
  • Swillen, A., Feys, H., Adriaens, T., Nelissen, L., Mertens, L., Gewillig, M., Devriendt, K., & Fryns, J.-P. (2005). Early motor development in young children with 22q.11 deletion syndrome and a conotruncal heart defect. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47(12), 797–802. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162205001696
  • Swillen, A., Moss, E., & Duijff, S. (2018). Neurodevelopmental outcome in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and management. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 176(10), 2160–2166. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.38709
  • Swillen, A., Vogels, A., Devriendt, K., & Fryns, J. P. (2000). Chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome: Update and review of the clinical features, cognitive-behavioral spectrum, and psychiatric complications. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 97(2), 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-8628(200022)97:2 < 128::AID-AJMG4 > 3.0.CO;2-Z
  • Tang, S. X., Yi, J. J., Moore, T. M., Calkins, M. E., Kohler, C. G., Whinna, D. A., Souders, M. C., Zackai, E. H., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Emanuel, B. S., Bilker, W. B., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2014). Subthreshold psychotic symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(9), 991–1000.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.009
  • Thompson, C. A., Karelis, J., Middleton, F. A., Gentile, K., Coman, I. L., Radoeva, P. D., Mehta, R., Fremont, W. P., Antshel, K. M., Faraone, S. V., & Kates, W. R. (2017). Associations between neurodevelopmental genes, neuroanatomy, and ultra high risk symptoms of psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 174(3), 295–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32515
  • van Drimmelen-Krabbe, J., Bertelsen, A., & Pull, C. (2001). Conversion Tables for ICD-10 and DSM-IV, in Contemporary Psychiatry: Volume 1 Foundations of Psychiatry, Volume 2 Psychiatry in Special Situations, Volume 3 Specific Psychiatric Disorders (F. Henn, Ed.) Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 451–478.
  • Villalon-Reina, J. E. (2020). Altered white matter microstructure in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a multisite diffusion tensor imaging study. Molecular Psychiatry, 25(11), 2818–2831. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0450-0
  • Vingerhoets, C., van Oudenaren, M. J., Bloemen, O. J., Boot, E., van Duin, E. D., Evers, L. J., Fiksinski, A. M., Breetvelt, E. J., Palmer, L. D., Vergaelen, E., Vogels, A., Meijer, C., Booij, J., de Haan, L., Swillen, A., Vorstman, J. A., Bassett, A. S., & van Amelsvoort, T. A., Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators. (2019). Low prevalence of substance use in people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 215(5), 661–667. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.258
  • Vorstman, J. A. S., Breetvelt, E. J., Duijff, S. N., Eliez, S., Schneider, M., Jalbrzikowski, M., Armando, M., Vicari, S., Shashi, V., Hooper, S. R., Chow, E. W. C., Fung, W. L. A., Butcher, N. J., Young, D. A., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Vogels, A., van Amelsvoort, T., Gothelf, D., Weinberger, R., … Bassett, A. S., International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (2015). Cognitive decline preceding the onset of psychosis in patients With 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Jama Psychiatry, 72(4), 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2671
  • Weisman, O., Guri, Y., Gur, R. E., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Calkins, M. E., Tang, S. X., Emanuel, B., Zackai, E. H., Eliez, S., Schneider, M., Schaer, M., Kates, W. R., Antshel, K. M., Fremont, W., Shashi, V., Hooper, S. R., Armando, M., Vicari, S., Pontillo, M., … Gothelf, D, International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (2017). Subthreshold psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: multisite naturalistic study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(5), 1079–1089. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx005
  • Wells, G. (2014). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Available from: https://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
  • Zinkstok, J. R., Boot, E., Bassett, A. S., Hiroi, N., Butcher, N. J., Vingerhoets, C., Vorstman, J. A. S., & van Amelsvoort, T. A. M. J. (2019). Neurobiological perspective of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 6(11), 951–960. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30076-8

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.