References
- Callam MJ, Ruckley CV, Harper DR, Dale JJ, Chronic ulceration of the leg: extent of the problem and provision of care. Br Med J (1985) 290: 1855–6.
- Nelzen O, Bergqvist D, Linhagen A, Venous and non- venous leg ulcers: clinical history and appearance in a population study. Br J Surg (1994) 81: 182–7.
- Browse NL, Venous ulceration. Br Med J (1983) 286: 1920–2.
- Falanga V, Venous ulceration. J Dermatol Surg Oncol (1993) 19: 764–71.
- Angle N, Bergan J, Chronic venous ulcer. BMJ (1997) 314: 1019–23.
- Butler CM, Colleridge Smith PD, Microcirculatory aspects of venous ulceration. J Dermatol Surg Oncol (1994) 20: 474–80.
- Coleridge Smith PD, Thomas P, Scurr JH, Dormandy JA, Causes of venous ulceration: a new hypothesis. Br Med J (1988) 296: 1726–7.
- Scott HJ, Coleridge Smith PD, Scurr JH, Histological study of white blood cells and their association with lipodermatosclerosis and venous ulceration. Br J Surg (1991) 78: 210–11.
- Browse NL, Burnand KG, The cause of venous ulcera- tion. Lancet (1982) 31: 243–5.
- Kro´l P, Franek A, Hun´ ka-Z˙urawin´ ska W et al, Laser’s biostimulation in healing of crural ulcerations. Pol Merkuriusz Lek (2001) 965: 418–21.
- Franek A, Polak A, Kucharzewski M, Modern application of high voltage stimulation for enhanced healing of venous crural ulceration. Med Eng Phys (2000) 22: 647–55.
- Byl NN, McKenzie AL, Wong T et al, Incisional wound healing: a controlled study of low and high dose ultrasound. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 18: 619–28.
- Byl NN, McKenzie AL, West J et al, Low-dose ultrasound effects on wound healing: a controlled study with Yucatan pigs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil (1992) 73: 656–63.
- Doan N, Reher P, Meghji S, Harris M, In vitro effects of therapeutic ultrasound on cell proliferation, protein synthesis and cytokine production by human fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and monocytes. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1999) 57: 409–19.
- Harvey W, Dyson M, Pond JB, The in vitro stimulation on protein synthesis in human fibroblast by the therapeutic levels of ultasound. Ultrasound Med Biol (1975) 1: 10–21.
- Webster DF, Harvey W, Dyson M, Pond JB, The role of ultrasound-induced cavitation in the ‘in vitro’ stimula- tion of collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts. Ultra- sonics (1980) 18: 33–7.
- Young SR, Dyson M, Effect of therapeutic ultrasound on the healing of full-thickness excised skin lesions. Ultrasonics (1990) 28: 175–9.
- Dyson M, Pond JB, The effect of pulsed ultrasound on tissue regeneration. Physiotherpy (1970) 56: 136–42.
- Young SR, Dyson M, Macrophage responsiveness to therapeutic ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol (1990) 16: 809–16.
- Al Karmi AM, Dinno MA, Stoltz DA et al, Calcium and the effects of ultrasound on frog skin. Ultrasound Med Biol (1994) 20: 73–81.
- Dyson M, Mechanisms involved in therapeutic ultra- sound. Physiotherapy (1987) 73: 116–20.
- Young SR, Dyson M, The effect of therapeutic ultra- sound on angiogenesis. Ultrasound Med Biol (1990) 16: 261–9.
- Callam MJ, Dale JJ, Harper DR, A controlled trial of weekly ultrasound therapy in chronic leg ulceration. Lancet (1987) 25: 204–6.
- Dyson M, Franks C, Suckling J, Stimulation of healing of varicose ulcers by ultrasound. Ultrasonics (1976) 14: 232–6.
- Dyson M, Suckling J, Stimulation of tissue repair by ultrasound: a survey of the mechanisms involved. Physiotherapy (1978) 64: 105–8.
- Peschen M, Weichenthal M, Scho¨pf E, Vanscheidt W, Low-frequency ultrasound treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers in an outpatient therapy. Acta Derm Venerol (Stockh) (1997) 77: 311–14.
- Roche C, West J, A controlled trial investigating the effect of ultrasound on venous ulcers referred from general practitioners. Physiotherapy (1984) 70: 475–7.
- Eriksson SV, Lundeberg T, Malm M, A placebo controlled trial of ultrasound therapy in chronic leg ulceration. Scand J Rehabil Med (1991) 23: 211–13.
- Lundenberg T, Nordstro¨ m F, Brodda-Jansen G et al, Pulsed ultrasound does not improve healing of venous ulcers. Scand J Rehabil Med (1990) 22: 195–7.
- Chapman IV, The effect of ultrasound on the potassium content of rat thymocytes in vitro. Br J Radiol (1974) 47: 411–15.
- Dinno MA, Al Karmi AM, Stoltz DA et al, Effect of free radical scavengers on changes in ion conductance during exposure to therapeutic ultrasound. Membr Biochem (1993) 10: 237–47.
- Mortimer AJ, Dyson M, The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on calcium uptake in fibroblasts. Ultrasound Med Biol (1988) 14: 499–506.
- Dyson M, Non-thermal cellular effects of ultrasound. Br J Cancer (1982) 45 (suppl 5): 165–71.
- Francis CW, Onundurson PT, Carstensen EL et al, Enhancement of fibrinolysis in vitro by ultrasound. J Clin Invest (1992) 90: 2063–8.
- Huai L, Birnbaum Y, Fishbein MC et al, Enhancement of thrombolysis in vivo without skin and soft tissue damage by transcutaneous ultrasound. Thromb Res (1989) 89: 171–7.
- Ter Haar GR, Daniels S, Evidence for ultrasonically induced cavitation in vivo. Phys Med Biol (1981) 26: 1145–9.
- Apfel RE, Acoustic cavitation: a possible consequence of biomedical uses of ultrasound. Br J Cancer (1982) 45 (suppl 5): 140–6.