Pimecrolimus, yet another intriguing topical immunomodulator

References

• Sehgal V. N., Srivastava G., Dogra S. Tacrolimus in dermatology: Pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, drug interactions, dosages and side‐effects. Part 1. Skinmed, In press
   Google Scholar
• Sehgal V. N., Srivastava G., Dogra S. Tacrolimus: Approved and unapproved dermatologic indications/usages. Physician's Sequential Literature Survey. Part 2. Skinmed, In press
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. First treatment for Hunter syndrome. FDA Consum 2006; 40: 5
   Google Scholar
• Naylor M., Elmets C., Jaracz E., Rico J. M. Non‐melanoma skin cancer in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with topical tacrolimus. J Dermatolog Treat 2005; 16: 149–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ormerod A. D. Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus and the risk of cancer: How much cause for concern?. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153: 701–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonacier L., Charlesworth E. N., Spergel J. M., Leung D. M. The black box warning for topical calcineurin inhibitors: Looking outside the box. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 97: 117–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappersberger K., Komar M., Ebelin M. E., Scott G., Burtin P., Greig G., et al. Pimecrolimus identifies a common genomic anti‐inflammatory profile, is clinically highly effective in psoriasis and is well tolerated. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 119: 876–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottlieb A. B., Griffiths C. E., Ho V. C., Lahfa M., Mrowietz U., Murrell D. F., et al. Systemic tacrolimus (FK 506) is effective for the treatment of psoriasis in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. The European FK 506 Multicentre Psoriasis Study Group. Arch Dermatol 1996; 132: 419–23
   Google Scholar
• Crawford K. M., Russ B., Bostrom P. Pimecrolimus for treatment of acne rosacea. Skinmed 2005; 4: 147–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pock L., Svrckova M., Machackova R., Hercogova J. Pimecrolimus is effective in Fox‐Fordyce disease. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45: 1134–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cedro M., Chaudhry S., Porter S. OC10 Topical pimecrolimus for the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2006; 12: 11
   Google Scholar
• Mansouri P., Farshi S. Pimecrolimus 1 percent cream in the treatment of psoriasis in a child. Dermatol Online J 2006; 12: 7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rallis E., Nasiopoulou A., Kouskoukis C., Koumantaki E. Pimecrolimus cream 1% can be an effective treatment for seborrheic dermatitis of the face and trunk. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2004; 30: 191–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cunha P. R. Pimecrolimus cream 1% is effective in seborrhoeic dermatitis refractory to treatment with topical corticosteroids. Acta Derm Venereol 2006; 86: 69–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Almeida H. L., Jr., de Oliveira Filho U. L. Topical pimecrolimus is an effective treatment for balanitis circinata erosiva. Int J Dermatol 2005; 44: 888–9
   Google Scholar
• Tlacuilo‐Parra A., Guevara‐Gutierrez E., Gutierrez‐Murillo F., Soto‐Ortiz A., Barba‐Gomez F., Hernandez‐Torres M., et al. Pimecrolimus 1% cream for the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 1564–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarifakioglu E., Gumus I. I. Efficacy of topical pimecrolimus in the treatment of chronic vulvar pruritus: A prospective case series – a non‐controlled, open‐label study. J Dermatol Treat 2006; 17: 276–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawid M., Veensalu M., Grassberger M., Wolff K. Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream 1% in adult patients with vitiligo: Results of a randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2006; 4: 942–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Djalilia H. R., Memar O. Topical pimecrolimus 1% for the treatment of pruritic external auditory canals. Laryngoscope 2006; 116: 1809–12
   Google Scholar
• Lonsdale‐Eccles A. A., Velangi S. Topical pimecrolimus in the treatment of genital lichen planus: A prospective case series. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153: 390–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmook T., Kraft J., Benninghoff B., Roewert J., Ulrich C., Stockfleth E. Treatment of cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease with topical pimecrolimus. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36: 87–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu C. Y. The use of 1% pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of steroid‐induced rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152: 396–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gribetz C., Ling M., Lebwohl M., Pariser D., Draelos Z., Gottlieb A. B., et al. Pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of intertriginous psoriasis: A double‐blind, randomized study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51: 731–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boms S., Gambichler T., Freitag M., Altmeyer P., Kreuterl A. Pimecrolimus 1% cream for anogenital lichen sclerosus in childhood. BMC Dermatol 2004; 4: 14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oskay T., Kaya Sezer H., Genç C., Kutluay L. Pimecrolimus 1% cream in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus in postmenopausal women. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46: 527–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford K. M., Bostrom P., Russ B., Boyd J. Pimecrolimus‐induced tinea incognito. Skinmed 2004; 3: 352–3
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz‐Maldonado R. Pimecrolimus related crusted scabies in an infant. Pediatr Dermatol 2006; 23: 299–300
   Google Scholar
• El Sayed F., Ammoury A., Dhaybi R., Bazex J. Rosaceiform eruption to pimecrolimus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54: 548–50
   Google Scholar
• Ahn B. K., Kim B. D., Lee S. J., Lee S. H. Molluscum contagiosum infection during the treatment of vitiligo with tacrolimus ointment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: 532–3
   Google Scholar
• Narang T., Pahwa M., Kanwar A. J., Parsad D. Verruca vulgaris following treatment with tacrolimus ointment. Dermatology 2006; 213: 254–5
   Google Scholar
• Saitta P., Brancaccio R. Allergic contact dermatitis to pimecrolimus. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 56: 43–4
   Google Scholar
• Paul C., Cork M., Rossi A. B., Papp K. A., Barbier N., de Prost Y. Safety and tolerability of 1% pimecrolimus cream among infants: Experience with 1133 patients treated for up to 2 years. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 118–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paller A. S., Lebwohl M., Fleischer A. B., Jr., Antaya R., Langley R. G., Kirsner R. S., et al. Tacrolimus ointment is more effective than pimecrolimus cream with a similar safety profile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Results from 3 randomized, comparative studies. Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: 810–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billich A., Aschauer H., Aszodi A., Stütz A. Percutaneous absorption of drugs used in atopic eczema: Pimecrolimus permeates less through skin than corticosteroids and tacrolimus. Int J Pharm 2004; 269: 29–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn S. J., Oh S. H., Chang S. E., Choi J. H., Koh J. K. A case of infantile psoriasis with pseudoainhum successfully treated with topical pimecrolimus and low‐dose narrowband UVB phototherapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20: 1332–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar