Dermocosmetics: beneficial adjuncts in the treatment of acne vulgaris

References

• Moradi Tuchayi S, Makrantonaki E, Ganceviciene R, et al. Acne vulgaris. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollnick HP. From new findings in acne pathogenesis to new approaches in treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29:1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabbrocini G, Cacciapuoti S, Monfrecola G. A qualitative investigation of the impact of acne on health-related quality of life (HRQL): development of a conceptual model. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2018;81:85–99.
   Google Scholar
• Araviiskaia E, Dreno B. The role of topical dermocosmetics in acne vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30:926–935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreno B. What is new in the pathophysiology of acne, an overview. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31:8–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreno B, Pecastaings S, Corvec S, et al. Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32:5–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagnelie MA, Corvec S, Saint-Jean M, et al. Decrease in diversity of propionibacterium acnes phylotypes in patients with severe acne on the back. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98:262–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreno B, Bettoli V, Araviiskaia E, et al. The influence of exposome on acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32:812–819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wild CP. Complementing the genome with an "exposome": the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular epidemiology. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1847–1850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarun J, Susan J, Suria J, et al. Evaluation of pH of bathing soaps and shampoos for skin and hair care. Indian J Dermatol. 2014;59:442–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WJ, Park KH, Sohn MY, et al. Ultraviolet B irradiation increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines in cultured sebocytes. J Dermatol. 2013;40:993–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh DH, Kwon TE, Youn JI. Changes of comedonal cytokines and sebum secretion after UV irradiation in acne patients. Eur J Dermatol. 2002;12:139–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh CL, Noppakun N, Micali G, et al. Meeting the challenges of acne treatment in asian patients: a review of the role of dermocosmetics as adjunctive therapy. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2016;9:85–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dreno B, Martin R, Moyal D, et al. Skin microbiome and acne vulgaris: Staphylococcus, a new actor in acne. Exp Dermatol. 2017;26:798–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreno B, Thiboutot D, Gollnick H, et al. Large-scale worldwide observational study of adherence with acne therapy. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49:448–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park C, Kim G, Patel I, et al. Improving adherence to acne treatment: the emerging role of application software. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:65–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Draelos ZK. Patient compliance: enhancing clinician abilities and strategies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;325:S42–S48.
   Google Scholar
• Makrantonaki E, Ganceviciene R, Zouboulis C. An update on the role of the sebaceous gland in the pathogenesis of acne. Dermatoendocrinol. 2011;3:41–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen AC, Damian DL. Nicotinamide and the skin. Australas J Dermatol. 2014;55:169–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbat E, Al-Niaimi F, Ali FR. Use of nicotinamide in dermatology. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017;42:137–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanno O, Ota Y, Kitamura N, et al. Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:524–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodaeiani E, Fouladi RF, Amirnia M, et al. Topical 4% nicotinamide vs. 1% clindamycin in moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52:999–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalita AR, Smith JG, Parish LC, et al. Topical nicotinamide compared with clindamycin gel in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol. 1995;34:434–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weltert Y, Chartier S, Gibaud C, et al. Double-blind clinical assessment of the efficacy of a 4% nicotinamide gel (Exfoliac® NC Gel) versus a 4% erythromycin gel in the treatment of moderate acne with a predominant inflammatory component. Nouvelles Dermatologiques. 2004;23:385–394.
   Google Scholar
• Draelos ZD, Matsubara A, Smiles K. The effect of 2% niacinamide on facial sebum production. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2006;8:96–101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dall'oglio F, Tedeschi A, Fabbrocini G, et al. Cosmetics for acne: indications and recommendations for an evidence-based approach. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2015;150:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmaus G, Lange S, Pfeiffer A, et al. 1, 2-Decanediol - a new cosmetic active for multiple applications. Abstract presented at the 25th International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists Congress; 2008 Oct 6-9; Barcelona, Spain, Poster SC-304.
   Google Scholar
• Bassett IB, Pannowitz DL, Barnetson RS. A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Med J Aust. 1990;153:455–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angelova-Fischer I, Rippke F, Fischer TW, et al. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled efficacy assessment study of a skin care formulation for improvement of mild to moderately severe acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:6–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enshaieh S, Jooya A, Siadat AH, et al. The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2007;73:22–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeichner JA, Bhatt V, Pillai R. In vitro percutaneous absorption of benzoyl peroxide from three fixed combination acne formulations. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2013;6:19–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaul R. [Kinetics of the anti-staphylococcal activity of bakuchiol in vitro (author's transl)]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976;26:486–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsura H, Tsukiyama RI, Suzuki A, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activities of bakuchiol against oral microorganisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:3009–3013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polakova K, Fauger A, Sayag M, et al. A dermocosmetic containing bakuchiol, Ginkgo biloba extract and mannitol improves the efficacy of adapalene in patients with acne vulgaris: result from a controlled randomized trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:187–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhuri RK, Bojanowski K. Bakuchiol: a retinol-like functional compound revealed by gene expression profiling and clinically proven to have anti-aging effects. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2014;36:221–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trompezinski S, Weber S, Cadars B, et al. Assessment of a new biological complex efficacy on dysseborrhea, inflammation, and Propionibacterium acnes proliferation. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016;9:233–239.
   Google Scholar
• Jeremy AH, Holland DB, Roberts SG, et al. Inflammatory events are involved in acne lesion initiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121:20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaterra GA, Heinrich EU, Kelber O, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of the willow bark extract STW 33-I (Proaktiv(®)) in LPS-activated human monocytes and differentiated macrophages. Phytomedicine. 2010;17:1106–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiebich BL, Chrubasik S. Effects of an ethanolic Salix extract on the release of selected inflammatory mediators in vitro. Phytomedicine. 2004;11:135–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khayyal MT, El-Ghazaly MA, Abdallah DM, et al. Mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of a standardized willow bark extract. Arzneimittelforschung. 2005;55:677–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassino E, Gasparri F, Munaron L. Pleiotropic effects of white willow bark and 1,2-decanediol on human adult keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2018;31:10–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iovine B, Garofalo M, Orefice M, et al. Isoflavones in aglycone solution enhance ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage repair efficiency. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2014;39:391–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iovine B, Iannella ML, Gasparri F, et al. A comparative analysis of the photo-protective effects of soy isoflavones in their aglycone and glucoside forms. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:16444–16456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iovine B, Iannella ML, Gasparri F, et al. Synergic effect of genistein and daidzein on UVB-Induced DNA damage: an effective photoprotective combination. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:692846.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monfrecola G, Gaudiello F, Cirillo T, et al. Nicotinamide downregulates gene expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumour necrosis factor-α gene expression in HaCaT keratinocytes after ultraviolet B irradiation. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2013;38:185–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao TC, Shyu MH, Yen GC. Glycyrrhizic acid and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit inflammation via PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta signaling and glucocorticoid receptor activation. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58:8623–8629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak WJ, Han CK, Son KH, et al. Effects of Ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba leaves on cyclooxygenases and in vivo skin inflammation. Planta Med. 2002;68:316–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur S, Sharma N, Nehru B. Anti-inflammatory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract against trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neuronal injury. Inflammopharmacology. 2018;26:87–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervantes J, Eber AE, Perper M, et al. The role of zinc in the treatment of acne: a review of the literature. Dermatol Ther. 2018;31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardana K, Garg VK. An observational study of methionine-bound zinc with antioxidants for mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Dermatol Ther. 2010;23:411–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierard-Franchimont C, Goffin V, Visser JN, et al. A double-blind controlled evaluation of the sebosuppressive activity of topical erythromycin-zinc complex. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;49:57–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci F, Masini F, Fossati B, et al. Combination therapy with hydrogen peroxide (4%), salicylic acid (0.5%) and D-panthenol (4%): efficacy and skyn tolerability in common acne vulgaris during sun exposure period. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20:232–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehring W, Gloor M. Effect of topically applied dexpanthenol on epidermal barrier function and stratum corneum hydration. Results of a human in vivo study. Arzneimittelforschung. 2000;50:659–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stettler H, Kurka P, Lunau N, et al. A new topical panthenol-containing emollient: results from two randomized controlled studies assessing its skin moisturization and barrier restoration potential, and the effect on skin microflora. J Dermatolog Treat. 2017;28:173–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kober M-M, Bowe WP. The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2015;1:85–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwon HH, Yoon JY, Park SY, et al. Comparison of clinical and histological effects between lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa and tea tree oil for the treatment of acne: an eight-week double-blind randomized controlled split-face study. Dermatology (Basel). 2014;229:102–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muizzuddin N, Maher W, Sullivan M, et al. Physiological effect of a probiotic on skin. J Cosmet Sci. 2012;63:385–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HK, Yeo IK, Li K, et al. Topical epidermal growth factor for the improvement of acne lesions: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, split-face trial. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53:1031–1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidel R, Moy RL. Improvement in atrophic acne scars using topical synthetic epidermal growth factor (EGF) serum: a pilot study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14:1005–1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon JY, Kwon HH, Min SU, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting P. acnes. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133:429–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inui S, Aoshima H, Nishiyama A, et al. Improvement of acne vulgaris by topical fullerene application: unique impact on skin care. Nanomedicine. 2011;7:238–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiboutot DM. The role of follicular hyperkeratinization in acne. J Dermatol Treat. 2000;11:S5–S8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams HC, Dellavalle RP, Garner S. Acne vulgaris. Lancet. 2012;379:361–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morel P, Vienne MP, Beylot C, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of a topical combination of retinaldehyde 0.1% with erythromycin 4% in acne vulgaris. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999;24:354–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masini F, Ricci F, Fossati B, et al. Combination therapy with retinaldehyde (0.1%) glycolic acid (6%) and efectiose (0.1%) in mild to moderate acne vulgaris during the period of sun exposure–efficacy and skin tolerability. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18:2283–2286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreno B, Castell A, Tsankov N, et al. Interest of the association retinaldehyde/glycolic acid in adult acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23:529–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrashekar BS, Ashwini KR, Vasanth V, et al. Retinoic acid and glycolic acid combination in the treatment of acne scars. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2015;6:84–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeichner JA. The use of lipohydroxy acid in skin care and acne treatment. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016;9:40–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bissonnette R, Bolduc C, Seite S, et al. Randomized study comparing the efficacy and tolerance of a lipophillic hydroxy acid derivative of salicylic acid and 5% benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009;8:19–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letawe C, Boone M, Pierard GE. Digital image analysis of the effect of topically applied linoleic acid on acne microcomedones. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1998;23:56–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laquieze S, Czernielewski J, Rueda MJ. Beneficial effect of a moisturizing cream as adjunctive treatment to oral isotretinoin or topical tretinoin in the management of acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5:985–990.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodman G. Cleansing and moisturizing in acne patients. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2009;10:1–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buraczewska I, Berne B, Lindberg M, et al. Long-term treatment with moisturizers affects the mRNA levels of genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation and desquamation. Arch Dermatol Res. 2009;301:175–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cestone E, Michelotti A, Zanoletti V, et al. Acne RA-1,2, a novel UV-selective face cream for patients with acne: Efficacy and tolerability results of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017;16:265–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monfrecola G, Capasso C, Russo G, et al. UV-selective face cream (Acne RA-1,2) in acne patients: clinical study of its effects on epidermal barrier function, sebum production, tolerability and therapy adherence. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2018;153:26–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, et al. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study to access skin tolerability and efficacy of an anti-inflammatory moisturizer in treatment of acne with 0.1% adapalene gel. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016;27:140–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. An efficiency of a moisturizer containing licochalcone A, L-carnitine and 1,2-decanediol with adapalene gel in acne. 2017; [cited 2019 Jun 14]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT02173054
   Google Scholar
• Lynde CW, Andriessen A, Barankin B, et al. Moisturizers and ceramide-containing moisturizers may offer concomitant therapy with benefits. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7:18–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Draelos Z, Hornby S, Walters RM, et al. Hydrophobically modified polymers can minimize skin irritation potential caused by surfactant-based cleansers. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2013;12:314–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ananthapadmanabhan KP, Lips A, Vincent C, et al. pH-induced alterations in stratum corneum properties. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2003;25:103–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jang H, Matsuda A, Jung K, et al. Skin pH is the master switch of kallikrein 5-mediated skin barrier destruction in a murine atopic dermatitis model. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136:127–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baranda L, Gonzalez-Amaro R, Torres-Alvarez B, et al. Correlation between pH and irritant effect of cleansers marketed for dry skin. Int J Dermatol. 2002;41:494–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korting HC, Ponce-Poschl E, Klovekorn W, et al. The influence of the regular use of a soap or an acidic syndet bar on pre-acne. Infection. 1995;23:89–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solodkin G, Chaudhari U, Subramanyan K, et al. Benefits of mild cleansing: synthetic surfactant based (syndet) bars for patients with atopic dermatitis. Cutis. 2006;77:317–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber N, Schwabe K, Schempp CM, et al. Effect of a botanical cleansing lotion on skin sebum and erythema of the face: a randomized controlled blinded half-side comparison. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019;18:821–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Rosso JQ, Brandt S. The role of skin care as an integral component in the management of acne vulgaris: part 2: tolerability and performance of a designated skin care regimen using a foam wash and moisturizer SPF 30 in patients with acne vulgaris undergoing active treatment. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2013;6:28–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del Rosso JQ. A 6% benzoyl peroxide foaming cloth cleanser used in the treatment of acne vulgaris: aesthetic characteristics, patient preference considerations, and impact on compliance with treatment. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2009;2:26–29.
   Google Scholar
• Draelos ZD, Potts A, Alio Saenz AB. Randomized tolerability analysis of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%-tretinoin 0.025% gel used with benzoyl peroxide wash 4% for acne vulgaris. Cutis. 2010;86:310–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grove G, Zerweck C, Gwazdauskas J. Tolerability and irritation potential of four topical acne regimens in healthy subjects. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12:644–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele JJ, Rallis M, Izquierdo-Pullido M, et al. Benzoyl peroxide depletes human stratum corneum anti-oxidants. J Dermatol Sci. 1998;16:S202.
   Google Scholar
• Isoda K, Seki T, Inoue Y, et al. Efficacy of the combined use of a facial cleanser and moisturizers for the care of mild acne patients with sensitive skin. J Dermatol. 2015;42:181–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy LL, Emer JJ. Emotional benefit of cosmetic camouflage in the treatment of facial skin conditions: personal experience and review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2012;5:173–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monfrecola G, Cacciapuoti S, Capasso C, et al. Tolerability and camouflaging effect of corrective makeup for acne: results of a clinical study of a novel face compact cream. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016;9:307–313.
   Google Scholar
• York NR, Jacobe HT. UVA1 phototherapy: a review of mechanism and therapeutic application. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49:623–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Bino S, Vioux C, Rossio-Pasquier P, et al. Ultraviolet B induces hyperproliferation and modification of epidermal differentiation in normal human skin grafted on to nude mice. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150:658–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akitomo Y, Akamatsu H, Okano Y, et al. Effects of UV irradiation on the sebaceous gland and sebum secretion in hamsters. J Dermatol Sci. 2003;31:151–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawada A, Aragane Y, Kameyama H, et al. Acne phototherapy with a high-intensity, enhanced, narrow-band, blue light source: an open study and in vitro investigation. J Dermatol Sci. 2002;30:129–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Orazio J, Jarrett S, Amaro-Ortiz A, et al. UV radiation and the skin. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14:12222–12248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duteil L, Cardot-Leccia N, Queille-Roussel C, et al. Differences in visible light-induced pigmentation according to wavelengths: a clinical and histological study in comparison with UVB exposure. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2014;27:822–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regazzetti C, Sormani L, Debayle D, et al. Melanocytes sense blue light and regulate pigmentation through Opsin-3. J Invest Dermatol. 2018;138:171–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battie C, Jitsukawa S, Bernerd F, et al. New insights in photoaging, UVA induced damage and skin types. Exp Dermatol. 2014;23:7–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima Y, Ohta S, Wolf AM. Blue light-induced oxidative stress in live skin. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017;108:300–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MR, Kerrouche N. Combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% gel with liquid cleanser and moisturizer SPF 30 in acne treatment results in high levels of subject satisfaction, good adherence and favorable tolerability. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;29:49–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugovic-Mihic L, Duvancic T, Fercek I, et al. Drug-induced photosensitivity – a continuing diagnostic challenge. Acta Clin Croat. 2017;56:277–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardana K, Sharma RC, Sarkar R. Seasonal variation in acne vulgaris–myth or reality. J Dermatol. 2002;29:484–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider SL, Lim HW. A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2018. [Epub ahead of print].
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowe WP, Kircik LH. The importance of photoprotection and moisturization in treating acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13:S89–S94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar