Radiation-induced G2/M arrest rarely occurred in glioblastoma stem-like cells

References

• Abbas T, Dutta A. 2009. p21 in cancer: intricate networks and multiple activities. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:400–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed SU, Carruthers R, Gilmour L, Yildirim S, Watts C, Chalmers AJ. 2015. Selective inhibition of parallel DNA damage response pathways optimizes radiosensitization of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Cancer Res. 75:4416–4428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balvers RK, Lamfers MLM, Kloezeman JJ, Kleijn A, Pont LMEB, Dirven CMF, Leenstra S. 2015. ABT-888 enhances cytotoxic effects of temozolomide independent of MGMT status in serum free cultured glioma cells. J Transl Med. 13:74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, Hao Y, Shi Q, Hjelmeland AB, Dewhirst MW, Bigner DD, Rich JN. 2006. Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature. 444:756–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassoy EY, Chiusolo V, Jacquemin G, Riccadonna C, Walker PR, Martinvalet D. 2016. Glioma stemlike cells enhance the killing of glioma differentiated cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes. PLoS One. 11:e0153433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger R, Jennewein C, Marschall V, Karl S, Cristofanon S, Wagner L, Vellanki SH, Hehlgans S, Rodel F, Debatin KM, et al. 2011. NF-κB is required for Smac mimetic-mediated sensitization of glioblastoma cells for γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther. 10:1867–1875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binello E, Germano IM. 2011. Targeting glioma stem cells: a novel framework for brain tumors. Cancer Sci. 102:1958–1966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bo S, Hui H, Li W, Hui L, Hong X, Lin D, Dai WX, Wu YH, Ai XH, Hao J, et al. 2014. Chk1, but not Chk2, is responsible for G2/M phase arrest induced by diallyl disulfide in human gastric cancer BGC823 cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 68:61–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boutros R, Lobjois V, Ducommun B. 2007. CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets? Nat Rev Cancer. 7:495–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucher N, Britten CD. 2008. G2 checkpoint abrogation and checkpoint kinase-1 targeting in the treatment of cancer. Br J Cancer. 98:523–528. *eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai Y, Grant S. 2010. New insights into checkpoint kinase 1 in the DNA damage response signaling network. Clin Cancer Res. 16:376–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Souza CP, Ellem KA, Gabrielli BG. 2000. Centrosomal and cytoplasmic Cdc2/cyclin B1 activation precedes nuclear mitotic events. Exp Cell Res. 257:11–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidoamore A, Cristiano L, Antonosante A, d'Angelo M, Di Giacomo E, Astarita C, Giordano A, Ippoliti R, Benedetti E, Cimini A. 2016. Glioblastoma stem cells microenvironment: the paracrine roles of the Niche in drug and radioresistance. Stem Cells Int. 2016:6809105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hermann PC, Bhaskar S, Cioffi M, Heeschen C. 2010. Cancer stem cells in solid tumors. Semin Cancer Biol. 20:77–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins JR, Clarke PR. 2004. Many fingers on the mitotic trigger: post-translational regulation of the Cdc25C phosphatase. Cell Cycle. 3:41–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacopino F, Angelucci C, Piacentini R, Biamonte F, Mangiola A, Maira G, Grassi C, Sica G. 2014. Isolation of cancer stem cells from three human glioblastoma cell lines: characterization of two selected clones. PLoS One. 9:e105166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger SA, Wilson GD, Piasentin E, Joiner MC, Marples B. 2010. The effects of G2-phase enrichment and checkpoint abrogation on low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 77:1509–1517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Yang CX, Mei ZJ, Chen J, Zhang SM, Sun SX, Zhou FX, Zhou YF, Xie CH. 2013. Involvement of cdc25c in cell cycle alteration of a radioresistant lung cancer cell line established with fractionated ionizing radiation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14:5725–5730.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lomonaco SL, Finniss S, Xiang C, Decarvalho A, Umansky F, Kalkanis SN, Mikkelsen T, Brodie C. 2009. The induction of autophagy by gamma-radiation contributes to the radioresistance of glioma stem cells. Int J Cancer. 125:717–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lossaint G, Besnard E, Fisher D, Piette J, Dulic V. 2011. Chk1 is dispensable for G2 arrest in response to sustained DNA damage when the ATM/p53/p21 pathway is functional. Oncogene. 30:4261–4274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magee JA, Piskounova E, Morrison SJ. 2012. Cancer stem cells: impact, heterogeneity, and uncertainty. Cancer Cell. 21:283–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahar K, Goto T, Kaida A, Deguchi S, Miura M. 2014. Effects of Chk1 inhibition on the temporal duration of radiation-induced G2 arrest in HeLa cells. J Radiat Res. 55:1021–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osswald M, Jung E, Sahm F, Solecki G, Venkataramani V, Blaes J, Weil S, Horstmann H, Wiestler B, Syed M, et al. 2015. Brain tumour cells interconnect to a functional and resistant network. Nature. 528:93–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel AP, Tirosh I, Trombetta JJ, Shalek AK, Gillespie SM, Wakimoto H, Cahill DP, Nahed BV, Curry WT, Martuza RL, et al. 2014. Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intratumoral heterogeneity in primary glioblastoma. Science. 344:1396–1401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng CY, Graves PR, Thoma RS, Wu Z, Shaw AS, Piwnica-Worms H. 1997. Mitotic and G2 checkpoint control: regulation of 14-3-3 protein binding by phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine-216. Science. 277:1501–1505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perdiguero E, Nebreda AR. 2004. Regulation of Cdc25C activity during the meiotic G2/M transition. Cell Cycle. 3:733–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rycaj K, Tang DG. 2014. Cancer stem cells and radioresistance. Int J Radiat Biol. 90:615–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Unsal-Kacmaz K, Linn S. 2004. Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints. Annu Rev Biochem. 73:39–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T, Henkelman RM, Cusimano MD, Dirks PB. 2004. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature. 432:396–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJB, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K, et al. 2009. Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol. 10:459–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabu K, Muramatsu N, Mangani C, Wu M, Zhang R, Kimura T, Terashima K, Bizen N, Kimura R, Wang W, et al. 2016. A synthetic polymer scaffold reveals the self-maintenance strategies of rat glioma stem cells by organization of the advantageous Niche. Stem Cells. 34:1151–1162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uto K, Inoue D, Shimuta K, Nakajo N, Sagata N. 2004. Chk1, but not Chk2, inhibits Cdc25 phosphatases by a novel common mechanism. EBBO J. 23:3386–3396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Wakeman TP, Lathia JD, Hjelmeland AB, Wang XF, White RR, Rich JN, Sullenger BA. 2010. Notch promotes radioresistance of glioma stem cells. Stem Cells. 28:17–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang XW, Zhan Q, Coursen JD, Khan MA, Kontny HU, Yu L, Hollander MC, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr, Harris CC. 1999. GADD45 induction of a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:3706–3711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen PY, Kesari S. 2008. Malignant gliomas in adults. N Engl J Med. 359:492–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Lai GZ, Wan F, Xiao ZZ, Zeng LC, Wang XW, Ye F, Lei T. 2012. Knockdown of checkpoint kinase 1 is associated with the increased radiosensitivity of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Tohoku J Exp Med. 226:267–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue J, Zong Y, Li PD, Wang LX, Li YQ, Niu YF. 2016. Low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity in human hepatocellular HepG2 cells is associated with Cdc25C-mediated G2/M cell cycle checkpoint control. Int J Radiat Biol. 92:543–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao YX, Cui YS, Han J, Ren JH, Wu G, Cheng J. 2012. Cell division cycle 25 homolog c effects on low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radioresistance at elevated dosage in A549 cells. J Radiat Res. 53:686–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar