Effect of 50-Hz magnetic fields on the expression of activation-induced deaminase, B-cell lymphoma 6 and serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-21

References

• Cantaert T, Schickel JN, Bannock JM, Ng YS, Massad C, Oe T, Wu R, Lavoie A, Walter JE, Notarangelo LD, et al. 2015. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression in human B cell precursors is essential for central B cell tolerance. Immunity. 43(5):884–895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eto D, Lao C, DiToro D, Barnett B, Escobar TC, Kageyama R, Yusuf I, Crotty S. 2011. IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. PLOS One. 6(3):e17739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajšek P, Ravazzani P, Grellier J, Samaras T, Bakos J, Thuróczy G. 2016. Review of studies concerning electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure assessment in Europe: low frequency fields (50 Hz–100 kHz). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 13(9):875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzi K, Nance JP, Kroenke MA, Bothwell M, Haddad EK, Melnick A, Crotty S. 2015. BCL6 orchestrates Tfh cell differentiation via multiple distinct mechanisms. J Exp Med. 212(4):539–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinabadi MB, Khanjani N, Samaei SE, Nazarkhani F. 2019. Effect of long-term occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on proinflammatory cytokine and hematological parameters. Int J Radiat Biol. 95(11):1573–1580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C, Melnick A. 2015. Mechanisms of action of BCL6 during germinal center B cell development. Sci China Life Sci. 58(12):1226–1232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter CA, Jones SA. 2015. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 16(5):448–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi A, Ghadiri Moghaddam F, Valipour M. 2020. Insights in the biology of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields exposure on human health. Mol Biol Rep. 47(7):5621–5633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar R, DiMenna LJ, Chaudhuri J, Evans T. 2014. Biological function of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Biomed J. 37(5):269–283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luo X, Jia S, Li R, Gao P, Zhang Y. 2016. Occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields does not alter responses of inflammatory genes and activation of splenic lymphocytes in mice. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 29(2):277–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lushnikov KV, Gapeev AB, Sadovnikov VB, Cheremis NK. 2001. Effect of extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation of low intensity on parameters of humoral immunity in healthy mice]. Biofizika. 46(4):753–760.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahdavinejad L, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad M, Eftekharian MM, Zaerieghane Z, Salehi I, Hajilooi M, Mahaki H, Zamani A. 2018. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields decrease serum levels of interleukin-17, transforming growth factor-beta and downregulate Foxp3 expression in the spleen. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 38(10):457–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaelis J, Schuz J, Meinert R, Menger M, Grigat JP, Kaatsch P, Kaletsch U, Miesner A, Stamm A, Brinkmann K, et al. 1997. Childhood leukemia and electromagnetic fields: results of a population-based case-control study in Germany. Cancer Causes Control. 8(2):167–174. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moens L, Tangye SG. 2014. Cytokine-mediated regulation of plasma cell generation: IL-21 Takes Center Stage. Front Immunol. 5:65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molaei S, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad M, Gholamian-Hamadan M, Zaerieghane Z, Zamani A. 2019. Effect of 50-Hz magnetic fields on serum IL-1β and IL-23 and expression of BLIMP-1, XBP-1, and IRF-4. Inflammation. 42(5):1800–1807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada T, Moriyama S, Kitano M. 2012. Differentiation of germinal center B cells and follicular helper T cells as viewed by tracking Bcl6 expression dynamics. Immunol Rev. 247(1):120–132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okudan N, Celik I, Salbacak A, Cicekcibasi AE, Buyukmumcu M, Gokbel H. 2010. Effects of long-term 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on the micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocyte and blood lymphocyte frequency and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in lymphocytes of mice. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 31(2):208–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2007. Extremely low frequency fields, Environmental Health Criteria 238. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Park SR. 2012. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase in B cell immunity and cancers. Immune Netw. 12(6):230–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qi H. 2016. T follicular helper cells in space-time. Nat Rev Immunol. 16(10):612–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salehi I, Sani KG, Zamani A. 2013. Exposure of rats to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) alters cytokines production. Electromagn Biol Med. 32(1):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. 2008. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc. 3(6):1101–1108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J, Sackett-Lundeen L, Haus E, Touitou Y. 2011. Acute exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields increases interleukin-6 in young healthy men. J Clin Immunol. 31(6):1105–1111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobhanifard M, Eftekharian MM, Solgi G, Nikzad S, Salehi I, Ghazikhanlou Sani K, Ganji M, Zamani A. 2019. Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on expression of T-bet and GATA-3 genes and serum interferon-gamma and interleukin-4. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 39(2):125–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spolski R, Leonard WJ. 2010. IL-21 and T follicular helper cells. Int Immunol. 22(1):7–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spolski R, Leonard WJ. 2014. Interleukin-21: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 13(5):379–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y, Djeridane Y, Lambrozo J, Camus F, Selmaoui B. 2013. Long-term (up to 20 years) effects of 50-Hz magnetic field exposure on immune system and hematological parameters in healthy men. Clin Biochem. 46(1–2):59–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wei Z, Suo D, Ning G, Wu Q, Feng S, Wan C. 2019. Low‑frequency pulsed electromagnetic field promotes functional recovery, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhances HSP70 expression following spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep. 19(3):1687–1693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeni O, Simkó M, Scarfi MR, Mattsson M-O. 2017. Cellular response to ELF-MF and heat: evidence for a common involvement of heat shock proteins? Front Public Health. 5:280–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Zou L, Liu YC. 2016. T follicular helper cells, T follicular regulatory cells and autoimmunity. Int Immunol. 28(4):173–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar