(Captain) America in crisis: popular digital culture and the negotiation of Americanness

References

• Baker, Wayne (2006) America's Crisis of Values: reality and Perception (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Barker, Chris (1999) Television, globalization and cultural identities. (Buckingham: Open University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, Jean (1983) Simulations. (New York: Semiotext(e))
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, Jean (1986) Amérique. (Paris: Grasset); transl Chris Turner (1988) America. (New York: Verso)
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, Jean (1981) Simulacres et Simulation. (Paris: Éditions Galilée); transl Sheila Faria Glaser (1994) Simulacra and simulation. (Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States: The University of Michigan Press)
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, Jean (2002) L'esprit du terrorisme. (Paris: Éditions Galilée); transl Chris Turner (2003) The spirit of terrorism and other essays. (New York: Verso)
   Google Scholar
• BBC (2018) ‘Captain America: Donald Trump is “Putin's puppet”’, <https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-44856717>, accessed 4 April 2019
   Google Scholar
• Bellah, Robert N (2005) ‘Civil religion in America’, Daedalus, 134:4, 40–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman Rosamond, Annika (2016) ‘The digital politics of celebrity activism against sexual violence: Angelina Jolie Pitt as global mother’ in Caitlin Hamilton and Laura J. Shepherd (eds) Understanding popular culture and world politics in the digital age. (New York: Routledge), 101–118
   Google Scholar
• Bleiker, Roland (2001) ‘The aesthetic turn in international political theory’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 30:3, 509–533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleiker, Roland (2018) Visual global politics. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit (2016) Myth and narrative in international politics: Interpretive approaches to the study of IR. (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
   Google Scholar
• Boggs, Carl and Tom Pollard (2016) US militarism and popular culture. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Wendy, et al. (2011) ‘We are all democrats now…’ in Gorgio Agamben (ed) Democracy in what state. (New York: Columbia University Press), 44–57
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Jeffrey A (2017) The modern superhero in film and television. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick, Andre (2013) The hybrid media system: politics and power. (New York: Oxford University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Chomsky, Noam (2018) ‘Special Interview: Noam Chomsky’, Youtube, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDYIINbaKWs>, accessed 26 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Chumley, Cheryl K (2017) ‘Captain America hates on Donald Trump’, The Washington Times, <https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/30/captain-america-hates-donald-trump>, accessed 30 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Cocksedge, Charlie (2018) ‘Captain America Calls Donald Trump A Coward After His Meeting With Putin’, UNILAD, <https://www.unilad.co.uk/news/captain-america-calls-donald-trump-a-coward-after-his-meeting-with-putin>, accessed 30 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Comic Vine (2018) ‘Would Captain America support Donald Trump for President??’, <https://comicvine.gamespot.com/forums/captain-america-328/would-captain-america-support-donald-trump-for-pre-1753923>, accessed 30 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Constantinou, Costas M (2018) ‘Diplomacy’, in Roland Bleiker (ed) Visual Global Politics. (New York: Routledge), 103–110
   Google Scholar
• Crilley, Rhys (2016) ‘Like and share forces: making sense of military social media sites’ in Caitlin Hamilton and Laura J Shepherd (eds) Understanding popular culture and world politics in the digital age. (New York: Routledge), 51–67
   Google Scholar
• Croft, Stuart (2006) Culture, crisis and America’s war on terror. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Custen, George F (1992) Bio/pics: How Hollywood constructed public history. (New Brunswick, Canada: Rutgers University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, Graham (1994) Soldier heroes. British adventure, empire and the imagining of masculinities. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Dean, Jonathan (2018) ‘Sorted for memes and gifs: Visual media and everyday digital politics’, Political Studies Review, 17:3, 255–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Der Derian, James (2000) ‘Virtuous war/virtual theory’, International Affairs, 76:4, 771–788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Der Derian, James (2009) Virtuous war: Mapping the military-industrial-media-entertainment network. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Dittmer, Jason (2005) ‘Captain America’s Empire: Reflections on identity, popular culture, and post-9/11 geopolitics’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95:3, 626–643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmer, Jason (2007) ‘The Tyranny of the serial: Popular geopolitics, the nation, and comic book discourse’, Antipode, 39:2, 247–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmer, Jason (2012) ‘Captain America in the news: changing mediascapes and the appropriation of a superhero’, Journal of Graphic Novels & Comics, 3:2, 143–157.
   Google Scholar
• Dittmer, Jason (2013) Captain America and the nationalist superhero: Metaphors, narratives, and geopolitics. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Dittmer, Jason (2010) Popular Culture, Geopolitics and Identity (Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield)
   Google Scholar
• Dubose, Mike S (2007) ‘Holding Put for a Hero. Reaganism, Comic Book Vigilantes, and Captain America’, The Journal of Popular Culture, 40:6, 915–935.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncombe, Constance (2017) ‘Twitter and transformative diplomacy: Social media and Iran-US relations’, International Affairs, 93:3, 545–562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edensor, Tim (2002) National identity, popular culture and everyday life. (Oxford: Berg)
   Google Scholar
• Faludi, Susan (2007) The terror dream. What 9/11 revealed about America. (London: Atlantic Books)
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, Stephen M (2017) The new Roberts court, Donald Trump, and our failing constitution. (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave MacMillan)
   Google Scholar
• Giroux, Henry A (2017) The public in peril. Trump and the menace of American authoritarianism. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Grayson, Kyle, Matt Davies, and S imon Philpott (2009) ‘Pop goes IR? Researching the popular culture-world politics continuum’, Politics, 29:3, 155–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodrum, Michael (2016) Superheroes and American self image. From war to Watergate. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, Caitlin (2016) ‘World politics 2.0: an introduction’ in Caitlin Hamilton and Laura J. Shepherd (eds) Understanding popular culture and world politics in the digital age. (New York: Routledge), 3–13
   Google Scholar
• Hassler-Forest, Dan (2011) ‘From Flying Man to falling man: 9/11 Discourse in Superman Returns and Batman Begins’ in Véronique Bragard, Christophe Dony and Warren Rosenberg (eds) Portraying 9/11: Essays on representations in comics, literature, film and theatre. (Jefferson, North Carolina, United States: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers), 134–146
   Google Scholar
• Hassler-Forest, Dan (2012) Capitalist superheroes: Caped crusaders in the neoliberal age. (Winchester, United Kingdom: Zero Books)
   Google Scholar
• Hawley, George (2018) Making sense of the Alt-Right. (New York: Columbia University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Herkman, Juha (2011) ‘The critical tradition in visual studies: An introduction’ in Matteo Stocchetti and Karin Kukkonen (eds) Images in use: towards the critical analysis of visual communication. (Amsterdam: John Benjamins), 39–54
   Google Scholar
• Highfield, Tim (2016) Social media and everyday politics. (Cambridge: Polity)
   Google Scholar
• Holland, Jack (2009) ‘From September 11th, 2001 to 9–11: From Void to Crisis’, International Political Sociology, 3:3, 275–292
   Google Scholar
• Holden, Gerard (2006) ‘Cinematic IR, the sublime, and the indistinctness of art’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 34:3, 793–818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, Richard (2005) Writing the war on terrorism: Language, politics and counter-terrorism. (Manchester: Manchester University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, Susan R (2016) ‘Marketing militarism in the digital age: arms production, YouTube and selling ‘national security’’ in Caitlin Hamilton and Laura J Shepherd (eds) Understanding popular culture and world politics in the digital age. (New York: Routledge), 68–82
   Google Scholar
• Jeffords, Susan (1989) The remasculinization of America. Gender and the Vietnam War. (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Jewett, Robert, and John Shelton Lawrence (1977) The American monomyth. (New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday)
   Google Scholar
• Jewett, Robert, and John Shelton Lawrence (2003) Captain America and the crusade against evil: the dilemma of zealous nationalism. (Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States: Eerdmans)
   Google Scholar
• Kaempf, Sebastian (2016) ‘The potentiality and limits of understanding world politics in a transforming global media landscape’ in Caitlin Hamilton and Laura J Shepherd (eds) Understanding popular culture and world politics in the digital age. (New York: Routledge), 14–31
   Google Scholar
• Kagan, Robert (2018) ‘Trump’s America does not care’, Brookings, <https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/06/17/trumps-america-does-not-care>, accessed 26 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Kellner, Douglas (1995) Media culture: Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the postmodern. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Kellner, Douglas (2010) Cinema wars. Hollywood film and politics in the Bush-Cheney era. (Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell)
   Google Scholar
• Kellner, Douglas (2016) American nightmare: Donald Trump, media spectacle, and authoritarian populism. (Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Sense Publishers)
   Google Scholar
• Kukkonen, Karin (2011) ‘The map, the mirror and the simulacrum: Visual communication and the question of power’ in Matteo Stocchetti and Karin Kukkonen (eds) Images in use: towards the critical analysis of visual communication. (Amsterdam: John Benjamins), 55–68
   Google Scholar
• Laderman, Charlie, and Brendan Simms (2017) Donald Trump: the making of a world view. (London: IB Tauris)
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence, John Shelton, and Robert Jewett (2002) The myth of the American superhero. (Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States: Eerdmans)
   Google Scholar
• Lisle, Debbie (2003) ‘Screening World Politics’, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 5:1, 135–141.
   Google Scholar
• Marsh, David, ‘Paul T Hart, and Karen Tindall (2010) ‘Celebrity Politics: The Politics of the later Modernity?’, Political Studies Review, 8:3, 322–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaffrey, Michael (2018) ‘Captain America savages Trump in battle of the useful idiots’, RT, <https://www.rt.com/op-ed/433935-captain-america-savages-trump/>, accessed 26 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• McCrisken, Trevor (2003) American exceptionalism and the legacy of Vietnam. US foreign policy since 1974. (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
   Google Scholar
• McCrisken, T revor, and C hristopher Moran (2018) ‘James Bond, Ian Fleming and intelligence: Breaking down the boundary between the ‘real’ and the ‘imagined’, Intelligence and National Security, 33:6, 804–821.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrisken, Trevor, and Andrew Pepper (2005) American history and contemporary Hollywood film. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press)
   Google Scholar
• McSweeney, Terence (2014) The ‘war on terror’ and American film: 9/11 frames per second. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press)
   Google Scholar
• McSweeney, Terence (2018) Avengers assemble! critical perspectives on the marvel cinematic universe. (New York: Wallflower Press)
   Google Scholar
• Miner, Louise, and Hans Nichols (2018) ‘President Trump has run into a torrent of criticism’, Euronews, <https://www.euronews.com/2018/07/18/president-trump-has-run-into-a-torrent-of-criticism>, accessed 30 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Moore, Cerwyn, and Laura J Shepherd (2010) ‘Aesthetics and international relations: Towards a global politics’, Global Society, 24:3, 299–309.
   Google Scholar
• Moulin, Carolina (2016) ‘Narrative’ in Aoileann Ni Mhurchu and Reiko Shindo (eds) Critical imaginations in international relations. (New York: Routledge), 136–152
   Google Scholar
• Muller, Christine (2017) September 11, 2001 as a Cultural Trauma. A Case Study through Popular Culture (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan)
   Google Scholar
• Murray, Christopher (2000) ‘Popaganda: Superhero Comics and Propaganda in World War Two’ in Magnussen, Anne and Christiansen, Heinz-Christian (eds) Comics & culture: Analytical and theoretical approaches to comics. (Copenhagen: Museum Tuscalanum Press), 141–156
   Google Scholar
• Paul, Heike (2014) The myths that made America: an introduction to American studies. (Bielefeld: Transcript)
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, Nick, and Marcus Schulzke (2016) ‘Visual War? Towards A Visual Analysis of Videogames and Social Media’, Perspectives on Politics, 14:4, 995–1010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, Jennifer (2018) ‘Trump’s flakiness is destroying America’s credibility’, The Washington Post, <https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2018/05/01/trumps-flakiness-is-destroying-americas-credibility/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.1a849011e9f3>, accessed 26 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Saunders, Rob A (2018) ‘(Profitable) imaginaries of Black Power: The popular and political geographies of Black Panther
   Google Scholar
• Scott, Cord A (2011) Comics and conflict: War and patriotically themed comics in American cultural history from world war II through the Iraq war. (Chicago: Loyala University Chicago)
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, Tony (2007) Hollywood’s cold war. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd, Laura J (2016) ‘Authors and authenticity: knowledge, representation and research in contemporary world politics’ in Caitlin Hamilton and Laura Shepherd (eds) Understanding popular culture and world politics in the digital age. (New York: Routledge), 32–48
   Google Scholar
• Slaughter, Anne-Marie (2007) The idea that is America: Keeping faith with our values in a dangerous world. (New York: Basic Books)
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Travis (2018) ‘What Are Captain America's Politics?’, The Weekly Standard, <https://www.weeklystandard.com/travis-smith/what-are-captain-americas-politics>, accessed 30 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Stocchetti, Matteo, and Karin Kukkonen (2011) ‘Introduction’ in Matteo Stocchetti and Karin Kukkonen (eds) Images in use: towards the critical analysis of visual communication. (Amsterdam: John Benjamins), 1–10
   Google Scholar
• Takacs, Stacy (2015) Interrogating popular culture: key questions. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• This, Craig (2012) ‘Captain America lives again and so do the Nazis: Nazisploitation in comics after 9/11’ in Daniel H Magilov. (ed) Nazisploitation: the Nazi image in low brow cinema and culture. (New York: Continuum) 219–237
   Google Scholar
• Trendsmap (2018a) ‘Chris Evan’s tweet: This moron, puppet, coward sided with Putin over our own intelligence agencies’, Twitter, <https://www.trendsmap.com/twitter/tweet/1018951916892639232>, accessed 30 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Tsalaki, Liza, Frangonikolopoulos, Christos and Asteris Huliaras, (eds). (2011) Transnational celebrity activism in global politics: Changing the world. (Bristol and Chicago: Intellect)
   Google Scholar
• Trendsmap(2018b) ‘Chris Evan’s tweet: I don’t even know what to say’, <https://www.trendsmap.com/twitter/tweet/1018952126788263940>, accessed 30 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Walt, Stephen M (2018) ’ America Can’t Be Trusted Anymore’, Foreign Policy, <https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/10/america-cant-be-trusted-anymore>, accessed 26 August 2018
   Google Scholar
• Weber, Cynthia (2006) Imagining America at war: Molarity, politics, and film. (New York: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Weber, Cynthia (2014) ‘“I am an American”: Protesting advertised “Americanness”’ in Shirin M. Rai and Janelle Reinelt (eds) The grammar of politics and performance. (New York: Routledge), 51–66
   Google Scholar
• Weldes, Jutta (2003) To seek out new worlds: Science fiction and world politics. (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
   Google Scholar
• White, Hayden (1988) ‘Historiography and Historiophoty’, The American Historical Review, 93:5, 1193–1199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, Michael C (2003) ‘Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics’, International Studies Quarterly, 47:4, 511–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff, Michael (2018) Fire and fury: inside the trump white house. (London: Little, Brown)
   Google Scholar
• Yao, Sandra (2016) ‘‘Pocket-sized’ politics: binders, Big Bird and other memes of the 2012 US presidential campaign’ in Caitlin Hamilton and Laura Shepherd (eds) Understanding popular culture and world politics in the digital age. (New York: Routledge), 153–174
   Google Scholar
• Zulaika, Joseba (2012) ‘Drones, witches and other flying objects: The force of fantasy in US counterterrorism’, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 5:1, 51–68.
   Google Scholar