The French Paradox: 20 Years Later

References

• Berg , K. M. , Kunins , H. V. Jackson , J. L. 2008 . Association between alcohol consumption and both osteoporotic fracture and bone density . American Journal of Medicine , 121 : 406 – 418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boffetta , P. and Garfinkel , L. 1990 . Alcohol drinking and mortality among men enrolled in an American Cancer Society Prospective Study . Epidemiology , 1 : 342 – 348 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coate , D. 1993 . Moderate drinking and coronary heart disease mortality: evidence from NHANES I and the NHANES I Follow-up . American Journal of Public Health , 83 : 888 – 890 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , M. A. , Neafsey , E. J. Mukamal , K. J. 2009 . Alcohol in moderation, cardioprotection, and neuroprotection: epidemiological considerations and mechanistic studies . Alchoholism Clinical and Experimental Research , 33 : 206 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrao , G. , Rubbiati , L. Bagnardi , V. 2000 . Alcohol and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis . Addiction , 95 : 1505 – 1523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criqui , M. H. and Ringel , B. L. 1994 . Does diet or alcohol explain the French paradox? . Lancet , 344 ( 8939–8940 ) : 1719 – 1723 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Castelnuovo , A. , Costanzo , S. Bagnardi , V. 2006 . Alcohol dosing and total mortality in men and women: an updated meta-analysis of 34 prospective studies . Archives of Internal Medicine , 166 : 2437 – 2445 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll , R. 1997 . One for the heart . British Medical Journal , 315 : 1664 – 1668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll , R. , Peto , R. , Boreham , J. and Sutherland , I. 2005 . Mortality in relation to alcohol consumption: a prospective study among male British doctors . International Journal of Epidemiology , 34 : 199 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , A. , Marques-Vidal , P. Ducimetiere , P. 2007 . Patterns of alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk in Northern Ireland and France . Annals of Epidemiology , 17 : S75 – S80 .
   Google Scholar
• Howard , A. A. , Arnsten , J. H. and Gourevitch , M. N. 2004 . Effect of alcohol consumption on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review . Annals of Internal Medicine , 140 : 211 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joosten , M. M. , Beulens , J. W. , Kersten , S. and Hendriks , H. F. 2008 . Moderate alcohol consumption increases insulin sensitivity and ADIPOQ expression in postmenopausal women: a randomised, crossover trial . Diabetologia , 51 : 1375 – 1381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannel , W. B. and Ellison , R. C. 1996 . Alcohol and coronary heart disease: the evidence for a protective effect . Clinica Chimica Acta , 246 : 59 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klatsky , A. L. , Friedman , G. D. and Siegelaub , A. B. 1974 . Alcohol consumption before myocardial infarction. Results from the Kaiser-Permanente epidemiologic study of myocardial infarction . Annals of Internal Medicine , 81 : 294 – 301 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppes , L. L. , Dekker , J. M. Hendriks , H. F. 2005 . Moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies . Diabetes Care , 28 : 719 – 725 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln , A. 1842 . Talk to Washington Temperance Society of Springfield, Illinois, 22 February . Available online at as published in http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/lincoln.htm
   Google Scholar
• Mehlig , K. , Skoog , I. Guo , X. 2008 . Alcoholic beverages and incidence of dementia: 34-year follow-up of the prospective population study of women in Goteborg . American Journal of Epidemiology , 167 : 684 – 691 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukamal , K. J. , Robbins , J. A. Cauley , J. A. 2007 . Alcohol consumption, bone density, and hip fracture among older adults: the cardiovascular health study . Osteoporosis International , 18 : 593 – 602 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nestle , M. 1992 . Wine and coronary heart disease . Lancet , 340 ( 8814 ) : 314 – 315 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Keefe , J. H. , Bybee , K. A. and Lavie , C. J. 2007 . Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the razor-sharp double-edged sword . Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 50 : 1009 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parodi , P. W. 1997 . The French paradox unmasked: the role of folate . Medical Hypotheses , 49 : 313 – 318 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , R. , Peters , J. Warner , J. 2008 . Alcohol, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly: a systematic review . Age Ageing , 37 : 505 – 512 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozin , P. , Fischler , C. , Imada , S. , Sarubin , A. and Wazesniewski , A. 1999 . Attitudes to food and the role of food in life in the U.S.A., Japan, Flemish Belgium and France: possible implications for the diet-health debate . Appetite , 33 : 163 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruidavets , J.-B. , Ducimetièere , P. Evans , A. 2010 . Patterns of alcohol consumption and ischaemic heart disease in culturally divergent countries: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) . BMJ , 341 c6077 doi:10.1136/bmj.c6077
   Google Scholar
• Sacco , R. L. , Elkind , M. Boden-Albala , B. 1999 . The protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on ischemic stroke . Journal of the American Medical Association , 281 : 53 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shai , I. , Wainstein , J. Harman-Boehm , I. 2007 . Glycemic effects of moderate alcohol intake among patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, randomized, clinical intervention trial . Diabetes Care , 30 : 3011 – 3016 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierksma , A. , Patel , H. Ouchi , N. 2004 . Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and insulin sensitivity . Diabetes Care , 27 : 184 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truelsen , T. , Gronbaek , M. , Schnohr , P. and Boysen , G. 1998 . Intake of beer, wine, and spirits and risk of stroke: the Copenhagen City Heart Study . Stroke , 29 : 2467 – 2472 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truelsen , T. , Thudium , D. and Gronbaek , M. 2002 . Amount and type of alcohol and risk of dementia: the Copenhagen City Heart Study . Neurology , 59 : 1313 – 1319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunstall-Pedoe , H. , Kuulasmaa , K. Amouyel. , P. 1994 . Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents . Circulation , 90 : 583 – 612 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar