‘Grasping the nettle’: aspects of grammar in the mother tongue and foreign languages

REFERENCES

• Anderson , J. 1983 . The Architecture of Cognition , Cambridge : CUP .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. 1993 . Rules of the Mind , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. and Fincham , J. 1994 . Acquisition of procedural skills from examples . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 20 : 1322 – 1340 .
   Google Scholar
• Batstone , R. 1994 . Grammar , Oxford : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Beard , R. 1999 . National Literacy Strategy: Review of research and other related evidence , London : DfEE .
   Google Scholar
• Berman , R. 1979 . Rule of grammar or rule of thumb? . International Review of Applied Linguistics , 27 : 279 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Block , D. 2002 . Communicative language teaching revisited: discourses in conflict and foreign national teachers . Language Learning Journal , 26 : 19 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Blyth , C. 1997 . A constructivist approach to grammar: teaching teachers to teach aspect . Modern Language Journal , 81 ( 1 ) : 50 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne , J. , Kress , G. , Street , B. and Sealey , A. 1999 . “ The National Literacy Strategy: a debate ” . In Language and Literacies , Edited by: O' Brien , T. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters . In
   Google Scholar
• Carter , R. , ed. 1990a . Knowledge about Language and the Curriculum: The LINC reader , London : Hodder and Stoughton .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , R. 1990b . The new grammar teaching Edited by: Carter , R. 69 – 103 . In
   Google Scholar
• Connor , M. 1992 . A processing strategy using visual representation to convey the passé composé/imparfait distinction in French . International Review of Applied Linguistics , 30 : 321 – 328 .
   Google Scholar
• DeKeyser , R. 1998 . Beyond focus on form Edited by: Doughty , C. and Williams , J. 42 – 63 . In
   Google Scholar
• DfEE . 1998 . The National Literacy Strategy: Framework for teaching , London : DfEE .
   Google Scholar
• DfEE . 2001 . Key Stage 3 National Strategy — Framework for Teaching English: Years 7, 8 and 9 , London : DfEE .
   Google Scholar
• Dickinson , T. 1999 . “ The National Literacy Project: Some reflections ” . In Surviving the Literacy Hour , Edited by: Hinson , M. Tamworth, Staffs. : NASEN . In
   Google Scholar
• Dodd , B. , Eckhard-Black , C. , Klapper , J. and White , R. 1996 . Modern German Grammar: A practical guide , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Doughty , C. and Williams , J. , eds. 1998 . Focus on Form in Classroom Second Language Acquisition , Cambridge : CUP .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , R. 1994 . The Study of Second Language Acquisition , Oxford : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , R. 1997 . Second Language Acquisition Research and Language Teaching , Oxford : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Givón , T. 1984 . Syntax Vol. I , Amsterdam and Philadelphia
   Google Scholar
• Greenbaum , S. 1996 . The Oxford English Grammar , Oxford : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Halliday , M. 1985 . An Introduction to Functional Grammar , London : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Han , Z.-H. and Selinker , L. 1999 . Error resistance: Towards an empirical pedagogy . Language Teaching Research , 3 : 249 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Hannon , P. 2000 . Reflecting on Literacy in Education , London : Routledge/Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Harley , B. 1993 . Instructional strategies and second language acquisition in early French immersion . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 15 ( 2 ) : 245 – 270 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , G. , Leung , C. and Rampton , B. 2002 . “ Globalization, diaspora and language education in England ” . In Globalization and Language Teaching , Edited by: Block , D. and Cameron , D. 29 – 46 . London : Routledge . In
   Google Scholar
• Hasan , R. and Perrett , G. 1994 . Learning to function with the other tongue , Edited by: Odlin , T. 179 – 226 . Cambridge : CUP . In
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins , E. 1992 . Awareness of language/knowledge about language in the curriculum in England and Wales . Language Awareness , 1 ( 1 ) : 5 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Howatt , A. 1974 . “ The background to course design ” . In Techniques in Applied Linguistics , Edited by: Allen , J. and Pit Corder , S. Vol. 3 , London : OUP . The Edinburgh Course in Applied Linguistics
   Google Scholar
• Hubbard , P. 1994 . Non-transformational theories of grammar Edited by: Odlin , T. 49 – 71 . In
   Google Scholar
• Keith , G. 1990 . Language study at key stage 3 Edited by: Carter , R. 69 – 103 . In
   Google Scholar
• Klapper , J. 1997 . Language learning at school and university: the great grammar debate continues (I) . Language Learning Journal , 16 : 22 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Klapper , J. 1998 . Language learning at school and university: the great grammar debate continues (II) . Language Learning Journal , 18 : 22 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Lang , M. and Perez , I. 1996 . Modern French Grammar: A Practical Guide , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Lightbown , P. and Spada , N. 2000 . Do they know what they're doing? L2 learners' awareness of L1 influence . Language Awareness , 9 ( 4 ) : 198 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. 2000 . Applied linguistics and evidence-based classroom practice: the case of foreign language grammar pedagogy . Applied Linguistics , 21 ( 3 ) : 281 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. and Myles , F. 1988 . Second Language Learning Theories , London : Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Myles , F. , Mitchell , R. and Hooper , J. 1998 . Rote or rule? Exploring the role of formulaic language in classroom foreign language learning . Language Learning , 48 ( 3 ) : 323 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nattinger , J. and DeCarrico , J. 1992 . Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching , Oxford : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Odlin , T. 1990 . “ Word order transfer, metalinguistic awareness, and constraints on foreign language learning ” . In Second Language Acquisition — Foreign Language Learning , Edited by: VanPatten , B. and Lee , J. 95 – 117 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters . In
   Google Scholar
• Odlin , T. , ed. 1994 . Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar , Cambridge : CUP .
   Google Scholar
• OFSTED . 2001 . The National Literacy Strategy: The third year , London : OFSTED .
   Google Scholar
• OFSTED . 2002 . Primary Subject Reports 2000/01: English , London : OFSTED .
   Google Scholar
• OFSTED . 2003 . English in Primary Schools: OFSTED subject reports series 2001/02 available at: www.ofsted.gov.uk/publications/docs/3162.doc
   Google Scholar
• Pienemann , M. 1984 . Psychological constraints on the teachability of languages . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 6 : 186 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Pienemann , M. 1985 . “ Learnability and syllabus construction ” . In Modelling and Assessing Second Language Acquisition , Edited by: Hyltenstamm , K. and Pienemann , M. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters . In
   Google Scholar
• QCA . 1998 . The Grammar Papers , London : QCA .
   Google Scholar
• QCA . 1999 . Not Whether but How , London : QCA .
   Google Scholar
• QCA . 2000 . GCSE Criteria for Modern Foreign Languages Available at: www.qca.org.uk/nq/framework/modern_foreign_lang.pdf
   Google Scholar
• QCA . 2001 . GCE Advanced Subsidiary (AS) and Advanced (A) Level Specifications: Subject criteria for modern foreign languages , London : QCA .
   Google Scholar
• Raupach , M. 1987 . “ Procedural learning in advanced learners of a foreign language ” . In The Advanced Language Learner , Edited by: Coleman , J. and Towell , R. London : CILT . In
   Google Scholar
• Rutherford , W. 1987 . Second Language Grammar: Learning and teaching , London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Smithers , R. 2002 . Schools cheat to boost exam results . The Guardian , 5 June 2002
   Google Scholar
• Spada , N. 1997 . Form-focussed instruction and second language acquisition . Language Teaching , 30 : 73 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Stern , H. 1992 . Issues and Options in Language Teaching , Edited by: Allen , P. and Harley , B. Oxford : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Towell , R. and Hawkins , R. 1994 . Approaches to Second Language Acquisition , Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , K. 1996 . The National Curriculum and course design . Language Learning Journal , 14 : 14 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , K. 2001 . The National Literacy Strategy — what's in it for modern foreign language teachers? . Language Learning Journal , 24 : 37 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Lier , L. 2001 . “ The role of form in language learning ” . In Reflections on Language and Language Teaching , Edited by: Bax , M. and Zwart , J.-W. 253 – 266 . Amsterdam/Philadelphia : John Benjamins . In
   Google Scholar
• VanPatten , B. 1996 . Input Processing and Grammar Instruction in Second Language Acquisition , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Westney , P. 1994 . Rules and pedagogical grammar Edited by: Odlin , T. 72 – 96 . In
   Google Scholar
• White , J. and Ranta , L. 1999 . What you know and what you do. The relationship between metalinguistic performance and oral production in a second language , Manuscript : Concordia University .
   Google Scholar
• Widdowson , H. 1990 . Aspects of Language Teaching , Oxford : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Wray , A. 2000 . Formulaic sequences in second language teaching: principle and practice . Applied Linguistics , 21 ( 4 ) : 463 – 489 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar