°Human weeds, not fit to breed?°: African Caribbean women and reproductive disparities in Britain

References

• Ahuja , K. , Mostyn , B. J. and Simons , E. G. 1997 . Egg Sharing and Egg Donation: Attitudes of British Egg Donors and Recipients . Human Reproduction , 12 ( 12 ) : 2845 – 2852 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amos, V., and P. Parmar. 1984. Challenging Imperial Feminism. Feminist Review No. 17, Many Voices, One Chant: Black Feminist, Perspectives, 3–19.
   Google Scholar
• Barbados Fertility Clinic. 2012. Egg Donation and IVF. Accessed November 2011. http://www.barbadosivf.com/treatments/egg-donation-ivf/.
   Google Scholar
• Berthoud , R. 2001 . Teenage Births to Ethnic Minority Women, Population Trends (104) , London : Stationary Office .
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Women°s NHS Trust. 2011. “Birmingham Sperm Bank Launches Drive to Recruit Donors.” Media Release: May 9. http://www.nhslocal.nhs.uk/story/birmingham-sperm-bank-launches-drive-recruit-donors.
   Google Scholar
• Bryan , B. , Dadzie , S. and Scafe , S. 1985 . Heart of the Race: Black Women°s Lives in Britain , London : Virago .
   Google Scholar
• Carter, B., C. Harris, and S. Joshi. 1987. The 1951–55 Conservative Government and the Racialisation of Black Immigration. Occasional Papers in Ethnic Relations, No. 11, Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, S. 2008. “Abortion and Women of Color: The Bigger Picture.” Guttmacher Policy Review 11: 3. Accessed August 30, 2012. http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/11/3/gpr110302.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Colen, S. 1986. “°With Respect and Feelings°: Voices of West Indian Child Care Workers in New York City.” In All American Women: Lines That Divide, Ties That Bind, edited by J. B. Cole, 46–70. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Culley, L., and N. Hudson. 2009. “Dominant Narratives and Excluded Voices: Research on Ethnic Differences in Access to Assisted Conception in more Developed Societies.” In Marginalised Reproduction: Ethnicity, Infertility and Reproductive Technologies, edited by L. Culley, N. Hudson, and F. V. Rooj, London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Culley , L. , Hudson , N. and Van Rooij , F. , eds. 2009 . Marginalised Reproduction: Ethnicity, Infertility and Reproductive Technologies , London : Earthscan .
   Google Scholar
• Denny, E., L. Culley, and I. Papadopoulos. 2010. “Endometriosis and Cultural Diversity: The Experience of Minority Ethnic Women.” BSA Medical Sociology Group Annual Conference, Durham University, UK, September 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• DfES (Department for Education and Skills). 2006. Teenage Pregnancy Next Steps: Guidance for Local Authorities and Primary Care Trusts on Effective Delivery of Local Strategies. London. Accessed November 2011. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/6866/1/index.html%3Fid%3D860.
   Google Scholar
• (DoH) Department of Health. 2010. Abortion Statistics: England and Wales: 2009 Statistical Bulletin 2010. London: Department of Health. Accessed August 30, 2012. https://www.wp.dh.gov.uk/transparency/files/.../Commentary1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• (DoH) Department of Health. 2011. Abortion Statistics: England and Wales. 2011 Statistical Bulletin 2011. London: Department of Health. Accessed August 30, 2012. http://transparency.dh.gov.uk/category/statistics/abortion.
   Google Scholar
• Dorr , G. 2006 . Defective or Disabled?: Race, Medicine, and Eugenics in Progressive Era Virginia and Alabama . Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era , 5 ( 4 ) : 359 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Douglas , J. 1998 . “ Meeting the Health Needs of Women from Black and Minority Group Ethnic Communities ” . In Women and Health Studies , Edited by: Doyal , L. Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gilman , S. 1985 . “ Black Bodies, White Bodies: Toward an Iconography of Female Sexuality in Late Nineteenth-century Art, Medicine, and Literature ” . In “Race”, Writing, and Difference , Edited by: Louis Gates , Henry Jr. 223 – 261 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Greil , A. L. 1991 . Not Yet Pregnant: Infertile Couples in Contemporary America , New Jersey : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Greil, A. L., J. McQuillan, K. M. Shreffler, K. M. Johnson, and K. S. Slauson-Blevins, 2011. “Race/Ethnicity and Medical Services for Infertility: Stratified Reproduction in a Population-Based Sample of U.S. Women.” Sociology Department , University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications. Paper 162. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sociologyfacpub/162.
   Google Scholar
• Hudson, N., and M. D. Johnson. 2004. Human Tissue and Blood or Organ Donation, Transplantation and Minority Ethnic Communities: A Literature Review Working Paper No. 6, Centre for Evidence in Ethnicity Health & Diversity/Mary Seacole Research Centre.
   Google Scholar
• (HFEA) Human Fertilisation and Embryology Association. 2006. Communities Urged to Speak Out to Ensure they Get the Fertility Services They Need. Press Release, October.
   Google Scholar
• Iacobucci, G. 2012. “CCGs Ration Care for Obese and Smokers with New Wave of Restrictions.” PULSE. Accessed March 7, 2012. http://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/ccgs-ration-care-for-obese-and-smokers-with-new-wave-of-restrictions/13569559.article#.UOxESG91GSo.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, G. 2011. Holding Back the British IVF Revolution? A Report into NHS IVF Provision in the UK, All Party Parliamentary Group on Infertility. http://www.garethjohnsonmp.co.uk/uimages/File/appg_IVF_report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• King, A. 2011. Silent Genocide in America (internet). Accessed August 6, 2012. http://factreal.wordpress.com/2011/01/17/black-babies-targeted-by-planned-parenthood-abortion-clinics-statistics-non-graphic-video/.
   Google Scholar
• Lonergan, G. 2012. “Reproductive Justice and Migrant Women in Great Britain.” Women: A Cultural Review 23 (1): 26–45. Accessed February 9, 2012. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09574042.2012.644490.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, J. 1997. “Some Could Suckle over Their Shoulder: Male Travelers, Female Bodies, and the Gendering of Racial Ideology, I500–I770.” William and Mary Quarterly 3 (54): 167–192.
   Google Scholar
• (NICE) National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. 2005. CG30: Long-acting reversible contraception. Accessed January 8, 2013. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG30.
   Google Scholar
• (NICE) National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. 2010. Implementation Uptake report: [Long-Acting Reversible Contraception, Clinical Guideline 30], Office of National Statistics/Department for Education.
   Google Scholar
• (ONS) Office of National Statistics. 2011. Conception England and Wales, 2010: London: Office of National Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Phoenix , A. , Woollett , A. and Lloyd , E. , eds. 1991 . Motherhood: Meanings, Practices, and Ideologies , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Prince , M. 1833 . The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave Related by Herself , London : F. Westley and A. H. Davis .
   Google Scholar
• Ramírez de Arellano, A. 2011. “Medical Tourism in the Caribbean.” Signs 36 (2): 289–297
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , T. 2006 . Caribbean Mothers: Identity and Experience in Britain , London : Tuffnell Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , D. 1998 . Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty , New York : Knopf Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Rousseau , N. 2009 . Black Woman°s Burden: Commodifying Black Reproduction , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Sanger, M. 1922. Pivot of Civilisation [e-book]. Accessed October, 2011. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1689/1689-h/1689-h.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Saxena , S. , Copas , A. J. , Mercer , C. , Johnson , A. M. , Fenton , K. , Erens , B. , Nanchahal , K. , Macdowall , W. and Wellings , K. 2006 . Ethnic Variations in Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use: National Cross-Sectional Survey . Contraception , 74 ( 3 ) : 224 – 233 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silliman , J. , Gerber Fried , M. , Ross , L. and Gutiérrez , E. 2004 . Undivided Rights: Women of Color Organize for Reproductive Justice , Boston : South End Press .
   Google Scholar
• SisterSong. 2011. Why is Reproductive Justice Important for Women of Color? Accessed January 7, 2013. http://www.sistersong.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=141&Itemid=81.
   Google Scholar
• Social Exclusion Unit . 1999 . Teenage Pregnancy , London : Stationery Office .
   Google Scholar
• Song , M. and Edwards , R. 1997 . Comment: Raising Questions About Perspectives on Black Lone Motherhood . Journal of Social Policy , 26 ( 2 ) : 233 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• (SPUC) Society for the Protection of Unborn Children. 2004. Abortion targeted at ethnic minorities, says SPUCs Tully, SPUC press release 21 July.
   Google Scholar
• Stone , N. and Ingham , R. 2011 . Who Presents More Than Once? Repeat Abortion among Women in Britain . Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care , 37 ( 4 ) : 209 – 215 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torkington , N. P. K. 1995 . Black Migrant Women and Health . Women°s Studies International Forum , 18 ( 2 ) : 153 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• Webster , W. 1998 . Imagining Home: Gender, Race And National Identity, 1945–1964 , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis , N. 1997 . Gender and Nation , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar