Operationalizing the ‘population health’ approach to permit consideration and minimization of unintended harms of public health interventions: a malaria control example

References

• Ahern, J., Jones, M. R., Bakshis, E., & Galea, S. (2008). Revisiting rose: Comparing the benefits and costs of population-wide and targeted interventions. Milbank Quarterly, 86, 581–600.10.1111/milq.2008.86.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen-Scott, L. K., Hatfield, J. M., & McIntyre, L. (2014). A scoping review of unintended harm associated with public health interventions: Towards a typology and an understanding of underlying factors. International Journal of Public Health, 59, 3–14.10.1007/s00038-013-0526-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso, P. L., & Tanner, M. (2013). Public health challenges and prospects for malaria control and elimination. Nature Medicine, 19, 150–155.10.1038/nm.3077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Enterprise Institute. (2011). The Global Fund’s malaria medicine subsidy: A nice idea with nasty implications. Retrieved June 26, from http://www.aei.org/papers/health/global-health/the-global-funds-malaria-medicine-subsidy-a-nice-idea-with-nasty-implications/
   Google Scholar
• Amexo, M., Tolhurst, R., Barnish, G., & Bates, I. (2004). Malaria misdiagnosis: Effects on the poor and vulnerable. The Lancet, 364, 1896–1898.10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17446-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barat, L. M., Palmer, N., Basu, S., Worrall, E., Hanson, K., & Mills, A. (2004). Do malaria control interventions reach the poor? A view through the equity lens. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71, 174–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, D., & Perkins, M. D. (2008). Making malaria testing relevant: Beyond test purchase. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102, 1064–1066.10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisoffi, Z., & Buonfrate, D. (2013). When fever is not malaria. The Lancet Global Health, 1, e11–e12.10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70013-5
   Google Scholar
• Bonds, M. H., Keenan, D. C., Rohani, P., & Sachs, J. D. (2010). Poverty trap formed by the ecology of infectious diseases. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 1185–1192.10.1098/rspb.2009.1778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breman, J. G., Alilio, M. S., & Mills, A. (2004). Conquering the intolerable burden of malaria: What’s new, what’s needed: A summary. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71(2 Suppl), 1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In M. Gauvain & M. Cole (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (pp. 1643–1647). Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Butler-Jones, D. (1999). Applying a population health approach. Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 90, S62–S64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. (2014). Canadian Institute for Advanced Research History. Retrieved March 21, from http://www.cifar.ca/cifar-history
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, C. I., Jones, C., Boniface, G., Juma, K., Reyburn, H., & Whitty, C. J. (2008). Guidelines and mindlines: Why do clinical staff over-diagnose malaria in Tanzania? A qualitative study. Malaria Journal, 7, 53.10.1186/1475-2875-7-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childress, J. F., Faden, R. R., Gaare, R. D., Gostin, L. O., Kahn, J., Bonnie, R. J., … Nieburg, P. (2002). Public health ethics: Mapping the terrain. Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, 30, 169–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Acremont, V., Lengeler, C., & Genton, B. (2007). Stop ambiguous messages on malaria diagnosis. British Medical Journal, 334, 489.10.1136/bmj.39143.024838.1F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Acremont, V., Lengeler, C., & Genton, B. (2010). Reduction in the proportion of fevers associated with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in Africa: A systematic review. Malaria Journal, 9, 240.10.1186/1475-2875-9-240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Acremont, V., Lengeler, C., Mshinda, H., Mtasiwa, D., Tanner, M., & Genton, B. (2009). Time to move from presumptive malaria treatment to laboratory-confirmed diagnosis and treatment in African children with fever. PLoS Medicine, 6, e252.10.1371/journal.pmed.0050252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das, P., & Horton, R. (2010). Malaria elimination: Worthy, challenging, and just possible. The Lancet, 376, 1515–1517.10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61551-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English, M., Reyburn, H., Goodman, C., & Snow, R. W. (2009). Abandoning presumptive antimalarial treatment for febrile children aged less than five years – A case of running before we can walk? PLos Medicine, 6, e1000015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epp, J. (1986). Achieving health for all – A framework for health promotion. Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 77, 393–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettling, M., McFarland, D. A., Schultz, L. J., & Chitsulo, L. (1994). Economic impact of malaria in Malawian households. Tropical Medicine Parasitology, 45, 74–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fielding, J. E. (1999). Public health in the twentieth century: Advances and challenges. Annual Review of Public Health, 20, Xiii–Xxx.10.1146/annurev.publhealth.20.1.0
   Google Scholar
• Frohlich, K. L., & Potvin, L. (2008). Transcending the known in public health practice. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 216–221.10.2105/AJPH.2007.114777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbay, J., & le May, A. (2004). Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed ‘mindlines?’ Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. British Medical Journal, 329, 1013.10.1136/bmj.329.7473.1013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallup, J. L., & Sachs, J. D. (2001). The economic burden of malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64, 85–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandon, S., Mackinnon, M. J., Nee, S., & Read, A. F. (2001). Imperfect vaccines and the evolution of pathogen virulence. Nature, 414, 751–756.10.1038/414751a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graz, B., Willcox, M., Szeless, T., & Rougemont, A. (2011). ‘Test and treat’ or presumptive treatment for malaria in high transmission situations? A reflection on the latest WHO guidelines. Malaria Journal, 10, 136.10.1186/1475-2875-10-136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarnaccia, P. J., & Rodriguez, O. (1996). Concepts of culture and their role in the development of culturally competent mental health services. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 18, 419–443.10.1177/07399863960184001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, D. (2004). Rural health disparities, population health, and rural culture. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1675–1678.10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, M. H., & Dunn, J. R. (1998). Population health in Canada: A systematic review. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks.
   Google Scholar
• Kamat, V. R. (2006). ‘I thought it was only ordinary fever!’ Cultural knowledge and the micropolitics of therapy seeking for childhood febrile illness in Tanzania. Social Science & Medicine, 62, 2945–2959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamat, V. R., & Nyato, D. J. (2010). Community response to artemisinin-based combination therapy for childhood malaria: A case study from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 9, 61.10.1186/1475-2875-9-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koram, K. A., & Molyneux, M. E. (2007). When is ‘malaria’ malaria? The different burdens of malaria infection, malaria disease, and malaria-like illnesses. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77(6 Suppl), 1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, N. (2008). Proximal, distal, and the politics of causation: What’s level got to do with it? American Journal of Public Health, 98, 221–230.10.2105/AJPH.2007.111278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalonde, M. (1974). A new perspective on the health of Canadians. A working document. Retrieved October 8, 2014, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/pdf/perspect-eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Leclerc, A., Kaminski, M., & Lang, T. (2009). Closing the gap in a generation: The WHO report on social determinants of health. Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 57, 227–230.10.1016/j.respe.2009.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leischow, S. J., & Milstein, B. (2006). Systems thinking and modeling for public health practice. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 403–405.10.2105/AJPH.2005.082842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Modrek, S., Gosling, R. D., & Feachem, R. G. A. (2013). Malaria eradication: Is it possible? Is it worth it? Should we do it? The Lancet, 1, e2–e3.10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60132-4
   Google Scholar
• Lorenc, T., & Oliver, K. (2014). Adverse effects of public health interventions: A conceptual framework. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 68, 288–290.10.1136/jech-2013-203118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macintyre, S., & Petticrew, M. (2000). Good intentions and received wisdom are not enough. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 802–803.10.1136/jech.54.11.802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmot, M. (2005). Social determinants of health inequalities. The Lancet, 365, 1099–1104.10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71146-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmot, M., Friel, S., Bell, R., Houweling, T. A. J., Taylor, S., & Commission Social Determinants Hlt. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. The Lancet, 372, 1661–1669.10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61690-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masanja, I. M., de Bethune, X., & Jacobs, J. (2011). Implementing ideal health policy in a fragile health system: The example of expanding the use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in mainland Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 10, 322.10.1186/1475-2875-10-322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren, L., & Hawe, P. (2005). Ecological perspectives in health research. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 6–14.10.1136/jech.2003.018044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren, L., McIntyre, L., & Kirkpatrick, S. (2010). Rose’s population strategy of prevention need not increase social inequalities in health. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39, 372–377.10.1093/ije/dyp315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQueen, D. V. (2014). Evidence and harm: Time for reflection. International Journal of Public Health, 59(1), 1–2.10.1007/s00038-013-0534-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merton, R. K. (1936). The unanticipated consequences of purposive social action. American Sociological Review, 1, 894–904.10.2307/2084615
   Google Scholar
• Mill, J. (1859). On liberty. In B. Wishy (Ed.), Prefaces to liberty: Selected writings (pp. 5–54). Lanham, MD: University Press America.
   Google Scholar
• Min, B., Allen-Scott, L. K., & Buntain, B. (2013). Transdisciplinary research for complex One Health issues: A scoping review of key concepts. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 112, 222–229.10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naing, C., & Kassim, A. I. (2012). Scaling-up attention to nonmalaria acute undifferentiated fever. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 106, 331–332.10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neudorf, C. (2012). Integrating a population health approach into healthcare service delivery and decision making. Healthcare Management Forum, 25, 155–159.10.1016/j.hcmf.2012.07.008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Shaughnessy, P. T. (2008). Parachuting cats and crushed eggs the controversy over the use of DDT to control malaria. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 1940–1948.10.2105/AJPH.2007.122523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Public Health Agency of Canada. (2014). What is the population health approach? Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved March 21, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/approach-approche/appr-eng.php
   Google Scholar
• Purdy, M., Robinson, M., Wei, K., & Rublin, D. (2013). The economic case for combating malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89, 819–823.10.4269/ajtmh.12-0689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyburn, H., Mbakilwa, H., Mwangi, R., Mwerinde, O., Olomi, R., Drakeley, C., & Whitty, C. J. (2007). Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Tanzania: Randomised trial. British Medical Journal, 334, 403.10.1136/bmj.39073.496829.AE
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts-Thomson, K. (2012). Targeting in a population health approach. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 40, 22–27.10.1111/cdoe.2012.40.issue-s2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Roll Back Malaria. (2005). Roll back malaria global strategic plan 2005–2015. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, G. (1985). Sick individuals and sick populations. International Journal of Epidemiology, 14, 32–38.10.1093/ije/14.1.32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rychetnik, L., Hawe, P., Waters, E., Barratt, A., & Frommer, M. (2004). A glossary for evidence based public health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, 538–545.10.1136/jech.2003.011585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachs, J., & Malaney, P. (2002). The economic and social burden of malaria. Nature, 415, 680–685.10.1038/415680a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Science and Environmental Health Network. (1998). Wingspread Conference on the Precautionary Principle. Retrieved November 4, from http://www.sehn.org/wing.html
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, M., Galobardes, B., Lawlor, D. A., Lynch, J., Wheeler, B., & Davey Smith, G. (2007). The handbook of inequalite and socioeconomic position: Concepts and measures. Bristol: The Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stringhini, S., Sabia, S., Shipley, M., Brunner, E., Nabi, H., Kivimaki, M., & Singh-Manoux, A. (2010). Association of Socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 1159–1166.10.1001/jama.2010.297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. S. (2003). Confronting ‘culture’ in medicine’s ‘culture of no culture’. Academic Medicine, 78, 555–559.10.1097/00001888-200306000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2013). A new global partnership: Eradicate poverty and tranform economies through sustainable development. In A report of the high level panel of eminent persons on the Post-2015 development Agenda. New York, NY: United Nations Publications. Retrieved November 4, from http://www.post2015hlp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/UN-Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• White, L. J., Newton, P. N., Maude, R. J., Pan-ngum, W., Fried, J. R., Mayxay, M., … Day, N. P. (2012). Defining disease heterogeneity to guide the empirical treatment of febrile illness in resource poor settings. PLoS ONE, 7, e44545.10.1371/journal.pone.0044545
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (1986). The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Retrieved November 4, from http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2006). Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2010a). A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health: Social determinants of health discussion paper 2. In WHO (Ed.), Geneva: Author. Retrieved November 4, from http://www.who.int/social_determinants/corner/SDHDP2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2010b). World health organization guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2013). Factsheet on the world malaria report. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Yen, I. H., & Syme, S. L. (1999). The social environment and health: A discussion of the epidemiologic literature. Annual Review of Public Health, 20, 287–308.10.1146/annurev.publhealth.20.1.287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulman, D. M., Vijan, S., Omenn, G. S., & Hayward, R. A. (2008). The relative merits of population-based and targeted prevention strategies. Milbank Quarterly, 86, 557–580.10.1111/milq.2008.86.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurovac, D., Sudoi, R. K., Akhwale, W. S., Ndiritu, M., Hamer, D. H., Rowe, A. K., & Snow, R. W. (2011). The effect of mobile phone text-message reminders on Kenyan health workers’ adherence to malaria treatment guidelines: A cluster randomised trial. The Lancet, 378, 795–803.10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60783-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar