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Biocontrol Science and Technology Volume 12, 2002 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Host Specificity of Mogulones cruciger (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Biocontrol Agent for Houndstongue ( Cynoglossum officinale ), with Emphasis on Testing of Native North American Boraginaceae

R. De Clerck-Floate Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
&
M. Schwarzländer CABI Bioscience Centre Switzerland, Delémont, CH-2800, Switzerland
Pages 293-306 | Published online: 28 Jun 2010

  • BAKER , D.C. , PHSTER , J.A. , MOLYNEUX , R.J. and KECHELE , P. 1991 . Cynoglossum officinale toxicity in calves . Journal of Comparative Pathology , 104 : 403 – 410 .
  • BRIESE , D.T. 1999 . “ Open field host-specificity tests: is 'natural' good enough for risk assessment? ” . In Host Specificity Testing in Australasia: Towards Improved Assays for Biological Control , Edited by: WITHERS , T.M. , BARTON BROWNE , L. and STANLEY , J. 44 – 59 . Brisbane, , Australia : CRC for Tropical Pest Management .
  • BRIESE , D.T. , SHEPPARD , A.W. and REIFENBERG , J.M. 1995 . Open-field host-specificity testing for potential biological control agents of Onopordum thistles . Biological Controls , : 158 – 166 .
  • CONOVER , W.J. and IMAN , R.L. 1981 . Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics . The American Statistician , 35 : 124 – 132 .
  • CORRIGAN , J.E. , MACKENZIE , D.L. and SIMSER , L. 1998 . Field observations of non-target feeding by Galerucella calmariensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an introduced biological control agent of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae) . Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario , 129 : 99 – 106 .
  • CLEMENT , S.L. and CRISTOFARO , M. 1995 . Open-field tests in host-specificity determination of insects for biological control of weeds . Biocontrol Science and Technology , 5 : 395 – 406 .
  • CULLEN , J.M. Current problems in host-specificity screening . Proceedings of the VIIth International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds . March 1988 , Rome. Edited by: DELFOSSE , E.S. pp. 27 – 36 . Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing .
  • DE CLERCK-FLOATE , R. 1997 . Cattle as dispersere of hound's-tongue on rangeland in southeastern British Columbia . Journal of Range Management , 50 : 239 – 243 .
  • DE CLERCK-FLOATE , R.A. and SCHWARZLÎDER , M. 2002 . “ Cynoglossum officinale (L.), Houndstongue (Boraginaceae) ” . In Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1981-2000 , Edited by: MASON , P.G. and HUBER , J.T. 337 – 343 . Wallingford, Oxon, , UK : CABI Publishing .
  • DE JONG , T.J. and KLINKHAMER , P.G.L. 1988 . Population ecology of the biennials Cirsium vulgare and Cynoglossum officinale in a coastal sand-dune area . Journal of Ecology , 76 : 366 – 382 .
  • DICKERSON , J.R. and FAY , P.K. 1982 . Biology and control of houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale) . Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science , 35 : 83 – 85 .
  • FORCELLA , F. and HARVEY , S.J. 1981 . “ New and exotic weeds of Montana: Migration and distribution of 100 alien weeds in North Western USA, 1881-1980 ” . In Montana Weed Survey , vol. 2 , Bozeman, Montana : Montana State University .
  • HIGGINS , L.C. 1969 . A revision of Cryptantha subgenus Oreocarya , Provo, , Utah : Brigham Young University . PhD Dissertation
  • JORDAN , T. , SCHWARZLAENDER , M. , TOSEVSKI , I. and FREESE , A. 1993 . Ceutorhynchus cruciger Herbst (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): A candidate for the biological control of hound's-tongue (Cynoglossum officinale L., Boraginaceae) in Canada , Delemont, , Switzerland : Final report of the International Institute of Biological Control .
  • KNIGHT , A.P. , KIMBERLING , C.V. , STERMITZ , F.R. and ROBY , M.R. 1984 . Cynoglossum officinale (Hound's-tongue)--A cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in horses . Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association , 184 : 647 – 650 .
  • LOUDA , S.M. 2000 . “ Negative ecological effects of the musk thistle biological control agent, Rfiinocyllus conicus ” . In Nontarget Effects of Biological Control , Edited by: FOLLETT , P.A. and DUAN , J.J. 215 – 243 . Boston : Kluwer Academic .
  • LOUDA , S.M. , KENDALL , D. , CONNOR , J. and SIMBERLOFF , D. 1997 . Ecological effects of an insect introduced for the biological control of weeds . Science , 277 : 1088 – 1090 .
  • MAROHASY , J. 1998 . The design and interpretation of host-specificity tests for weed biological control with particular reference to insect behaviour . Biocontrol News and Information , 19 : 13N – 20N .
  • McEVOY , P.B. and COOMBS , E.M. 2000 . “ Why things bite back: Unintended consequences of biological weed control ” . In Nontarget Effects of Biological Control , Edited by: FOLLETT , P.A. and DUAN , J.J. 167 – 194 . Boston : Kluwer Academic .
  • McFADYEN , R.E.C. 1998 . Biological control of weeds . Annual Review of Entomology , 43 : 369 – 393 .
  • PEMBERTON , R.W. 2000 . Predictable risk to native plants in weed biological control . Oecologia , 125 : 489 – 494 .
  • PRINS , A.H. , NELL , H.W. and KLINKHAMER , P.G.L. 1992 . Size-dependent root herbivory on Cynoglossum officinale . Oikos , 65 : 409 – 413 .
  • RICE , P. 1997 . Invaders Database, Release 6.4 , Bozeman, Montana : Biology Division, University of Montana .
  • SCHWARZLANDER , M. 2000 . Host specificity of Longitarsus quadriguttatus Pont., a below-ground herbivore for the biological control of houndstongue . Biological Control , 18 : 18 – 26 .
  • SCHWARZLAENDER , M. 1996 . Investigations on Mogulones cruciger Hbst (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a candidate for the biological control of hounds-tongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.) , Delémont, , Switzerland : Supplemental Final Report of the International Institute of Biological Control .
  • SCHWARZLAENDER , M. 1997 . Bionomics of Mogulones cruciger (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a below-ground herbivore for the biological control of hound's-tongue . Environmental Entomology , 26 : 357 – 365 .
  • SIMBERLOFF , D. and STILING , P. 1996 . How risky is biological control? . Ecology , 77 : 1965 – 1974 .
  • STEOELMEIER , B.L. , GARDNER , D.R. , JAMES , L.F. and MOLYNEUX , R.J. 1996 . Pyrrole detection and the pathologic progression of Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) poisoning in horses . Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation , 8 : 81 – 90 .
  • STRONG , D.R. 1997 . Fear no weevil? . Science , 277 : 1058 – 1059 .
  • UPADHYAYA , M.K and CRANSTON , R.S. 1991 . Distribution, biology, and control of hound's-tongue in British Columbia . Rangelands , 13 : 103 – 106 .
  • UPADHYAYA , M.K. , TILSNER , H.R. and PITT , M.D. 1988 . The biology of Canadian weeds. 87 . Cynoglossum officinale L Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences , 68 : 763 – 774 .
  • USDA, NRCS . 1999 . The PLANTS database (http://plants.usda.gov/plants) , Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490, , USA : National Plant Data Center .
  • USFWS . 2001 . Threatened and Endangered Species System U.S. listed flowering plant species report by taxonomic group as of 7/4/2001 (http://ecos.fws.gov/webpage)
  • WAPSHERE , A.J. 1974 . A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control . Annals of Applied Biology , 77 : 201 – 211 .
  • WAPSHERE , A.J. 1989 . A testing sequence for reducing rejection of potential biological control agents for weeds . Annals of Applied Biology , 114 : 515 – 526 .
  • BAKER , D.C. , PHSTER , J.A. , MOLYNEUX , R.J. and KECHELE , P. 1991 . Cynoglossum officinale toxicity in calves . Journal of Comparative Pathology , 104 : 403 – 410 .
  • BRIESE , D.T. 1999 . “ Open field host-specificity tests: is 'natural' good enough for risk assessment? ” . In Host Specificity Testing in Australasia: Towards Improved Assays for Biological Control , Edited by: WITHERS , T.M. , BARTON BROWNE , L. and STANLEY , J. 44 – 59 . Brisbane, , Australia : CRC for Tropical Pest Management .
  • BRIESE , D.T. , SHEPPARD , A.W. and REIFENBERG , J.M. 1995 . Open-field host-specificity testing for potential biological control agents of Onopordum thistles . Biological Controls , : 158 – 166 .
  • CONOVER , W.J. and IMAN , R.L. 1981 . Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics . The American Statistician , 35 : 124 – 132 .
  • CORRIGAN , J.E. , MACKENZIE , D.L. and SIMSER , L. 1998 . Field observations of non-target feeding by Galerucella calmariensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an introduced biological control agent of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae) . Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario , 129 : 99 – 106 .
  • CLEMENT , S.L. and CRISTOFARO , M. 1995 . Open-field tests in host-specificity determination of insects for biological control of weeds . Biocontrol Science and Technology , 5 : 395 – 406 .
  • CULLEN , J.M. Current problems in host-specificity screening . Proceedings of the VIIth International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds . March 1988 , Rome. Edited by: DELFOSSE , E.S. pp. 27 – 36 . Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing .
  • DE CLERCK-FLOATE , R. 1997 . Cattle as dispersere of hound's-tongue on rangeland in southeastern British Columbia . Journal of Range Management , 50 : 239 – 243 .
  • DE CLERCK-FLOATE , R.A. and SCHWARZLÄNDER , M. 2002 . “ Cynoglossum officinale (L.), Houndstongue (Boraginaceae) ” . In Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1981-2000 , Edited by: MASON , P.G. and HUBER , J.T. 337 – 343 . Wallingford, Oxon, , UK : CABI Publishing .
  • DE JONG , T.J. and KLINKHAMER , P.G.L. 1988 . Population ecology of the biennials Cirsium vulgäre and Cynoglossum officinale in a coastal sand-dune area . Journal of Ecology , 76 : 366 – 382 .
  • DICKERSON , J.R. and FAY , P.K. 1982 . Biology and control of houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale) . Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science , 35 : 83 – 85 .
  • FORCELLA , F. and HARVEY , S.J. 1981 . “ New and exotic weeds of Montana: Migration and distribution of 100 alien weeds in North Western USA, 1881-1980 ” . In Montana Weed Survey , vol. 2 , Bozeman, Montana : Montana State University .
  • HIGGINS , L.C. 1969 . A revision of Cryptantha subgenus Oreocarya , Provo, , Utah : Brigham Young University . PhD Dissertation
  • JORDAN , T. , SCHWARZLAENDER , M. , TOSEVSKI , I. and FREESE , A. 1993 . Ceutorhynchus cruciger Herbst (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): A candidate for the biological control of hound's-tongue (Cynoglossum officinale L., Boraginaceae) in Canada , Delemont, , Switzerland : Final report of the International Institute of Biological Control .
  • KNIGHT , A.P. , KIMBERLING , C.V. , STERMITZ , F.R. and ROBY , M.R. 1984 . Cynoglossum officinale (Hound's-tongue)--A cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in horses . Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association , 184 : 647 – 650 .
  • LOUDA , S.M. 2000 . “ Negative ecological effects of the musk thistle biological control agent, Rfiinocyllus conicus ” . In Nontarget Effects of Biological Control , Edited by: FOLLETT , P.A. and DUAN , JJ. 215 – 243 . Boston : Kluwer Academic .
  • LOUDA , S.M. , KENDALL , D. , CONNOR , J. and SIMBERLOFF , D. 1997 . Ecological effects of an insect introduced for the biological control of weeds . Science , 277 : 1088 – 1090 .
  • MAROHASY , J. 1998 . The design and interpretation of host-specificity tests for weed biological control with particular reference to insect behaviour . Biocontrol News and Information , 19 : 13N – 20N .
  • McEVOY , P.B. and COOMBS , E.M. 2000 . “ Why things bite back: Unintended consequences of biological weed control ” . In Nontarget Effects of Biological Control , Edited by: FOLLETT , P.A. and DUAN , JJ. 167 – 194 . Boston : Kluwer Academic .
  • McFADYEN , R.E.C. 1998 . Biological control of weeds . Annual Review of Entomology , 43 : 369 – 393 .
  • PEMBERTON , R.W. 2000 . Predictable risk to native plants in weed biological control . Oecologia , 125 : 489 – 494 .
  • PRINS , A.H. , NELL , H.W. and KLINKHAMER , P.G.L. 1992 . Size-dependent root herbivory on Cynoglossum officinale . Oikos , 65 : 409 – 413 .
  • RICE , P. 1997 . Invaders Database, Release 6.4 , Bozeman, Montana : Biology Division, University of Montana .
  • SCHWARZLANDER , M. 2000 . Host specificity of Longitarsus quadriguttatus Pont., a below-ground herbivore for the biological control of houndstongue . Biological Control , 18 : 18 – 26 .
  • SCHWARZLAENDER , M. 1996 . Investigations on Mogulones cruciger Hbst (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a candidate for the biological control of hounds-tongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.) , Delémont, , Switzerland : Supplemental Final Report of the International Institute of Biological Control .
  • SCHWARZLAENDER , M. 1997 . Bionomics of Mogulones cruciger (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a below-ground herbivore for the biological control of hound's-tongue . Environmental Entomology , 26 : 357 – 365 .
  • SIMBERLOFF , D. and STILING , P. 1996 . How risky is biological control? . Ecology , 77 : 1965 – 1974 .
  • STEOELMEIER , B.L. , GARDNER , D.R. , JAMES , L.F. and MOLYNEUX , R.J. 1996 . Pyrrole detection and the pathologic progression of Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) poisoning in horses . Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation , 8 : 81 – 90 .
  • STRONG , D.R. 1997 . Fear no weevil? . Science , 277 : 1058 – 1059 .
  • UPADHYAYA , M.K and CRANSTON , R.S. 1991 . Distribution, biology, and control of hound's-tongue in British Columbia . Rangelands , 13 : 103 – 106 .
  • UPADHYAYA , M.K. , TILSNER , H.R. and PITT , M.D. 1988 . The biology of Canadian weeds. 87 . Cynoglossum officinale L Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences , 68 : 763 – 774 .
  • USDA, NRCS . 1999 . The PLANTS database , Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490, , USA : National Plant Data Center . (http://plants.usda.gov/plants)
  • USFWS . 2001 . Threatened and Endangered Species System U.S. listed flowering plant species report bytaxonomic group as of 7/4/2001 (http://ecos.fws.gov/webpage)
  • WAPSHERE , A.J. 1974 . A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control . Annals of Applied Biology , 77 : 201 – 211 .
  • WAPSHERE , A.J. 1989 . A testing sequence for reducing rejection of potential biological control agents for weeds . Annals of Applied Biology , 114 : 515 – 526 .

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