The influence of pollen on combining predators to control Frankliniella occidentalis in ornamental chrysanthemum crops

References

• Bakker , FM and Sabelis , MW . 1989 . How larvae of Thrips tabaci reduce the attack success of phytoseiid predators . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , 50 : 47 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brødsgaard , HF . 1995 . “ ‘Keep-Down’ a concept of thrips control in ornamental pot plants ” . In Thrips Biology and Management , Edited by: Parker , BL , Skinner , M and Lewis , T. 221 – 224 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brødsgaard , HF and Enkegaard , A . 1995 . Interactions among polyphagous anthocorid bugs used for thrips control and other beneficials in multi-species biological pest management systems . Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent , 60 ( 3a ) : 893 – 900 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilkeson , LA , Morewood , WD and Elliot , DE . 1990 . Current status of biological control of thrips in Canadian greenhouses with Amblyseius cucumeris and Orius tristicolor . IOBC/WPRS Bulletin , 13 : 71 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie , DR and Quiring , DJM . 1992 . Competition between Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) . Canadian Entomologist , 124 : 1123 – 1128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulshof , J , Ketoja , E and Vänninen , I . 2003 . Life history characteristics of Frankliniella occidentalis on cucumber leaves with and without supplemental food. Entomologia . Experimentalis et Applicata , 108 : 19 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isenhour , DJ and Yeargen , KV . 1981 . Interactive behaviour of Orius insidiosus (Hem.: Anthocoridae) and Serivothrips variabilis (Thys.: Thripidae): Predator searching strategies and prey escape tactics . Entomophaga , 26 : 213 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , GD and Broadbent , AB . 1996 . Adoption of IPM by the greenhouse floriculture industry in Ontario, Canada . IOBC/WPRS Bulletin , 19 : 111 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Overmeer , WPJ . 1985 . “ Rearing and Handling ” . In Spider Mites – their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 1B , Edited by: Helle , W and Sabelis , MW . 161 – 170 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Ramakers , PMJ . 1995 . “ Biological control using oligophagous predators ” . In Thrips Biology and Management , Edited by: Parker , BL , Skinner , M and Lewis , T . 225 – 229 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Riudavets , J . 1995 . Predators of Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.) and Thrips tabaci (Lind.): a review . Wageningen Agricultural University Papers , 95–1 : 43 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Sabelis , MW and Van Rijn , PCJ . 1997 . “ Predation by Insects and Mites ” . In Thrips as Crop Pests , Edited by: Lewis , T . 259 – 354 . Wallingford , , UK : CAB International .
   Google Scholar
• Shields , EJ and Watson , TF . 1980 . Searching behaviour of female Orius tristicolor . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 73 : 533 – 535 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellier , AJ and Steiner , MY . 1990 . Control of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) with a native predator Orius tristicolor (White) in greenhouse cucumbers and peppers in Alberta, Canada . IOBC/WPRS Bulletin , 13 : 209 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Tommasini , MG & Maini , S ( 1995 ) Predators of Frankliniella occidentalis and other thrips harmful to vegetable and ornamental crops in Europe . Wageningen Agricultural University Papers 95–1 , vii – ix & 1 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Van den Meiracker , RAF and Ramakers , PMJ . 1991 . Biological control of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, in sweet pepper, with the anthocorid predator Orius insidiosus. Mededelingen van der Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit . Gent , 56 : 241 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Rijn , PCJ and Sabelis , MW . 1990a . Pollen availability and its effect on the maintenance of populations of Amblyseius cucumeris, a predator of thrips. Mededelingen van der Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit . Gent , 55 : 335 – 341 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Rijn , PCJ and Sabelis , MW . 1990b . Pollen as an alternative food source for predatory mites and its effect on the biological control of thrips in greenhouses . Proceedings in Experimental and Applied Entomology , 1 : 44 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Rijn , PCJ and Sabelis , MW . 1993 . Does alternative food always enhance biological control? The effect of pollen on the interactions between western flower thrips and its predators . IOBC/WPRS Bulletin , 16 : 123 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Rijn , PCJ and Van Houten , YM . 1991 . Life history of Amblyseius cucumeris and Amblyseius barkeri (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) on a diet of pollen . Modern Acarology , 2 : 647 – 654 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Rijn , PCJ , Van Houten , YM and Sabelis , MW . 2002 . How plants benefit from providing food to predators even when it is also available to herbivores . Ecology , 83 : 2664 – 2679 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittman , EJ and Leather , SR . 1997 . Compatibility of Orius laevigatus Fieber (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) with Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) cucumeris Oudemans (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Iphiseius degenerans Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in the biocontrol of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) . Experimental and Applied Acarology , 21 : 523 – 538 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar