469
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Prospects for the biological control of Iris pseudacorus L. (Iridaceae)

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 314-335 | Received 22 Jul 2020, Accepted 13 Nov 2020, Published online: 23 Dec 2020

References

  • Asshoff, R., & Hättenschwiler, S. (2005). Growth and reproduction of the alpine grasshopper Miramella alpina feeding on CO2-enriched dwarf shrubs at treeline. Oecologia, 142(2), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1714-0
  • Baviera, C., & Biondi, M. (2015). The Alticini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Sicily: Recent records and updated checklist. Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, 93(2), 7–8. https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.932A2
  • Bellmann, H., & Luquet, G. (2009). Guide des sauterelles, grillons et criquets d'Europe occidentale. Delachaux & Niestlé. 383 pp.
  • Blackman, R. L., & Eastop, V. F. (2020). Aphids on the world’s plants. An online identification and information guide. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from http://www.aphidsonworldsplants.info/
  • Blokhina, O., Virolainen, E., & Fagerstedt, K. V. (2003). Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: A review. Annals of Botany, 91(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf118
  • Blossey, B. (1995). A comparison of various approaches for evaluating potential biological control agents using insects on Lythrum salicaria. Biological Control, 5(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1995.1014
  • Blossey, B., & Nötzold, R. (1995). Evolution of increased competitive ability in invasive nonindigenous plants: A hypothesis. The Journal of Ecology, 83(5), 887–889. https://doi.org/10.2307/2261425
  • Blossey, B., & Schroeder, D. (1995). Host specificity of three potential biological weed control agents attacking flowers and seeds of Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife). Biological Control, 5(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1995.1006
  • Boevé, J. L., Rozenberg, R., Mc Kay, F., & Wheeler, G. S. (2018). Toxic peptides in populations of two pergid sawflies, potential biocontrol agents of Brazilian peppertree. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 44(12), 1139–1145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-018-1021-6
  • Boevé, J. L., Voigt, D., & Gorb, S. N. (2013). Integument and defence in larva and prepupa of a sawfly living on a semi-aquatic plant. Naturwissenschaften, 100(1), 107–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-012-0998-x
  • Borowiec, L., & Więtojańska, J. (2018). Cassidinae of the world - An interactive manual (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wroclaw. http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/katalog20internetowy/index.htm
  • Borowski, J., & Marczak, D. (2017). Materials to the knowledge of Polish sawflies. The genus Dolerus Panzer, 1801 (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae, Selandriinae). Part IV - Dolerus ferrugatus Serville, 1823. World Scientific News, 83, 212–215.
  • Bourchier, R., Hansen, R., Lym, R., Norton, A., Olson, D., Randall, C. B., Shwarzlander, M., & Skinner, L. (2006). Biology and Biological Control of Leafy Spurge (FHTET-2005-07). Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA, 138pp.
  • Bräu, M., Dolek, M., & Stettmer, C. (2010). Habitat requirements, larval development and food preferences of the German population of the False Ringlet Coenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) – Research on the ecological needs to develop management tools. Oedippus, 26, 41–51.
  • Briese, D. T. (2005). Translating host-specificity test results into the real world: The need to harmonize the yin and yang of current testing procedures. Biological Control, 35(3), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.02.001
  • Bukejs, A. (2010). On Latvian Donaciinae KIRBY, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis, 10(2), 115–126.
  • CABI. (2020). Macrosiphum euphorbiae. In Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/32154
  • Caesar, A. J. (2003). Synergistic interaction of soilborne plant pathogens and root-attacking insects in classical biological control of an exotic rangeland weed. Biological Control, 28(1), 144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00053-7
  • Chao, A., Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K., & Shen, T.-J. (2005). A new statistical approach for assessing similarity of species composition with incidence and abundance data. Ecology Letters, 8(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00707.x
  • Clewley, G. D., Eschen, R., Shaw, R. H., & Wright, D. J. (2012). The effectiveness of classical biological control of invasive plants. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(6), 1287–1295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02209.x
  • Cody, W. J. (1961). Iris pseudacorus L. escaped from cultivation in Canada. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 75, 139–142.
  • Colwell, R. K. (2013). EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples (Version 9). [Computer Software]. http://purl.oclc.org/estimates
  • Colwell, R. K., Mao, C. X., & Chang, J. (2004). Interpolating, extrapolating, and comparing incidence based species accumulation curves. Ecology, 85(10), 2717–2727. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0557
  • Davis, B. N. K. (1989). The European distribution of insects on stinging nettles, Urtica dioica L.: A field survey. Italian Journal of Zoology, 56(4), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250008909355658
  • de Jong, Y., Verbeek, M., Michelsen, V., Bjørn, P., Los, W., Steeman, F., Bailly, N., Basire, C., Chylarecki, P., Stloukal, E., Hagedorn, G., Wetzel, F., Glöckler, F., Kroupa, A., Korb, G., Hoffmann, A., Häuser, C., Kohlbecker, A., Müller, A., … Penev, L. (2014). Fauna Europaea - All European animal species on the web. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2, e4034. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e4034
  • de Prins, W., Steeman, C., & Garrevoet, T. (2020). Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Belgium. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from https://projects.biodiversity.be/lepidoptera/
  • Dieringer, G. (1982). The pollination ecology of Orchis spectabilis L. (Orchidaceae). Ohio Journal of Science, 82(5), 218–225.
  • Ding, J., Fu, W., Reardon, R., Wu, Y., & Zhang, G. (2004). Exploratory survey in China for potential insect biocontrol agents of mile-a-minute weed, Polygonum perfoliatum L., in eastern USA. Biological Control, 30(2), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.02.009
  • Dirimanov, M. (1970). Some morphological and biological characteristics of Pyrausta aurata Sc. and Pyrausta sanguinalis L. Rastitelna Zashchita, 18(10), 27–31.
  • Downes, J. A. (1955). The food habits and description of Atrichopogon pollinivorus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 106(12), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1955.tb01264.x
  • Egli, D., & Olckers, T. (2020). Insect herbivores associated with the invasive herb Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae) in its native range in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and their potential as biological control agents in invaded countries. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 30(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2019.1700910
  • Ekbom, B., & Borg, A. (1996). Pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) oviposition and feeding preference on different host plant species. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 78(3), 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00793.x
  • Ellis, W. N. (2020). Plant Parasites of Europe: leafminers, galls and fungi. Retrieved September 9, 2020 from https://bladmineerders.nl/
  • Fuss, G., Geiser, E. J., & Patzner, R. A. (2005). On the host plants of several leaf beetles of Central Europe - the problem of fame and evidence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 75, 359–371.
  • Gaskin, J. F., Pokorny, M. L., & Mangold, J. M. (2016). An unusual case of seed dispersal in an invasive aquatic; yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus). Biological Invasions, 18(7), 2067–2075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1151-0
  • GBIF Secretariat. (2019). Iris pseudacorus L. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy Checklist dataset. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from https://www.gbif.org/species/5298231
  • Gervazoni, P., Sosa, A., Franceschini, C., Coetzee, J., Faltlhauser, A., Fuentes-Rodriguez, D., Martínez, A., & Hill, M. (2020). The alien invasive yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus L.) in Argentinian wetlands: Assessing geographical distribution through different data sources. Biological Invasions, 22(11), 3183–3193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02331-4
  • Goldblatt, P. (2000). Phylogeny and classification of the Iridaceae and the relationships of Iris. Annali di Botanica, 58, 13–28.
  • Goldblatt, P., Rodriguez, A., Powell, M. P., Davies, J. T., Manning, J. C., Van der Bank, M., & Savolainen, V. (2008). Iridaceae ‘Out of Australasia'? Phylogeny, biogeography, and divergence time based on plastid DNA sequences. Systematic Botany, 33(3), 495–508. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408785679806
  • Goolsby, J. A., Van Klinken, R. D., & Palmer, W. A. (2006). Maximising the contribution of native-range studies towards the identification and prioritisation of weed biocontrol agents. Australian Journal of Entomology, 45(4), 276–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2006.00551.x
  • Groenteman, R., Probst, C., Bellgard, S., & Prebble, J. (2017). Feasibility for biological control of horehound, Marrubium vulgare L. (LC3040). Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 78 pp.
  • Gültekin, L., & Korotyaev, B. A. (2012). Ecological description of two seed-feeding weevils of the genus Mononychus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Iris iberica Hoffmann and Iris spuria L. in north-eastern Turkey. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 66(2), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1649/072.066.0213
  • Halstead, A., & Henricot, B. (2010). Pests and diseases. DK Publishing. p. 101.
  • Harris, P. (1973). The selection of effective agents for the biological control of weeds. The Canadian Entomologist, 105(12), 1495–1503. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1051495-12
  • Hayasaka, D., Fujiwara, S., & Uchida, T. (2018). Impacts of invasive Iris pseudacorus (yellow flag) establishing in an abandoned urban pond on native semi-wetland vegetation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(8), 1881–1887. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61831-8
  • Hill, M. P., & Coetzee, J. (2017). The biological control of aquatic weeds in South Africa: Current status and future challenges. Bothalia, 47(2), a2152. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2152
  • Hoffmann, J., & Moran, V. (1998). The population dynamics of an introduced tree, Sesbania punicea, in South Africa, in response to long-term damage caused by different combinations of three species of biological control agents. Oecologia, 114(3), 343–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050456
  • Hortal, J., Borges, P. A., & Gaspar, C. (2006). Evaluating the performance of species richness estimators: Sensitivity to sample grain size. Journal of Animal Ecology, 75(1), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01048.x
  • Hosseini, R. (2014). On the genus Adelphocoris (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Guilan province (Iran) and its adjacent areas. Entomofauna, 35, 413–421.
  • Howell, C. (2008). Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. DOC Research & Development Series, 292, 42 pp.
  • Hubble, D. (2010). Keys to the adults of seed and leaf beetles of the British Isles. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae, Orsodacnidae, Megalopodidae & Chrysomelidae). AIDGAP, FSC Publications, pp. 92–93.
  • Hussner, A., Stiers, I., Verhofstad, M. J. J. M., Bakker, E. S., Grutters, B. M. C., Haury, J., van Valkenburg, J. L. C. H., Brundu, G., Newman, J., Clayton, J. S., Anderson, L. W. J., & Hofstra, D. (2017). Management and control methods of invasive alien freshwater aquatic plants: A review. Aquatic Botany, 136, 112–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.08.002
  • Impson, F. A., & Hoffmann, J. H. (2019). The efficacy of three seed-destroying Melanterius weevil species (Curculionidae) as biological control agents of invasive Australian Acacia trees (Fabaceae) in South Africa. Biological Control, 132, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.01.007
  • IUCN. (2012). Habitats classification scheme (Version 3.1). IUCN, 14 pp.
  • Jaca, T. (2013). Iris pseudacorus L.: An ornamental aquatic with invasive potential in South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 86, 174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.02.133
  • Jaca, T., & Mkhize, V. (2015). Distribution of Iris pseudacorus (Linnaeus, 1753) in South Africa. BioInvasions Records, 4(4), 249–253. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2015.4.4.03
  • Jacobs, J., Pokorny, M., Mangold, J., & Graves-Medley, M. (2011). Biology, ecology and management of yellow flag Iris (EB0203). Montana State University, 12 pp.
  • Jenser, G. (2013). Iridothrips iridis (Watson, 1924) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): an unusual species of thrips that lives in a subaquatic habitat. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 59, 61–66.
  • Jolivet, P., & Petitpierre, E. (1976). Les plantes-hôtes connus des Chrysolina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Essai sur les types de sélection trophique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 12, 123–149.
  • Kavak, S. (2014). Iris pseudacorus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved April 20, 2020 from https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163999A42326782.en
  • Keane, R. M., & Crawley, M. J. (2002). Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17(4), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02499-0
  • Kent, M., & Coker, P. (1992). Vegetation description and analysis. A practical approach. Wiley & Sons. 363 pp.
  • Kizil, S., Arslan, N., Ölmez-Bayhan, S., & Khawar, K. M. (2008). Effects of different planting dates on improving yield of Fritillaria imperialis L. and Fritillaria persica L. bulbs damaged by small narcissus fly (Eumerus strigatus Fallen). African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 4454–4458.
  • Kölsch, G., & Pedersen, B. V. (2008). Molecular phylogeny of reed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae): The signature of ecological specialization and geographical isolation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48(3), 936–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.035
  • Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B., & Rubel, F. (2006). World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15(3), 259–263. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
  • Kučinič, M., Matešić, M., Koren, T., Vojvoda, A. M., Vajdić, M., Fixa, D. P., Bukvić, V., & Perović, F. (2014). First check list of the subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) in Croatia, with the finding of Rhyparioides metelkana (Lederer, 1861), new species in Croatian fauna from the valley of the Neretva River. Natura Croatica, 23, 67–87.
  • Lamote, V., Roldán-Ruiz, I., Coart, E., De Loose, M., & Van Bockstaele, E. (2002). A study of genetic variation in Iris pseudacorus populations using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Aquatic Botany, 73(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(02)00006-2
  • Leskey, T. C., Hamilton, G. C., Nielsen, A. L., Polk, D. F., Rodriguez-Saona, C., Bergh, J. C., Herbert, D. A., Kuhar, T. P., Pfeiffer, D., Dively, G. P., Hooks, C. R. R., Raupp, M. J., Shrewsbury, P. M., Krawczyk, G., Shearer, P. W., Whalen, J., Koplinka-Loehr, C., Myers, E., Inkley, D., … Wright, S. E. (2012). Pest status of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys in the USA. Outlooks on Pest Management, 23(5), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1564/23oct07
  • Longino, J. T., Coddington, J. A., & Colwell, R. K. (2002). The ant fauna of a tropical rain forest: Estimating species richness three different ways. Ecology, 83(3), 689–702. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0689:TAFOAT]2.0.CO;2
  • Masciadri, S., Brugnoli, E., & Muniz, P. (2010). InBUy database of Invasive and Alien Species (IAS) in Uruguay: A useful tool to confront this threat to biodiversity. Biota Neotropica, 10(4), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000400026
  • McGrannachan, C., & Barton, J. (2019). Feasibility of biological control of yellow flag iris, Iris pseudacorus L. (LC3487) Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 63pp.
  • Mgidi, T. N., Le Maitre, D. C., Schonegevel, L., Nel, J. L., Rouget, M., & Richardson, D. M. (2007). Alien plant invasions—Incorporating emerging invaders in regional prioritization: A pragmatic approach for Southern Africa. Journal of Environmental Management, 84(2), 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.05.018
  • Mitter, C., Farrell, B., & Futuyma, D. (1991). Phylogenetic studies of insect-plant interactions: Insights into the genesis of diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 6(9), 290–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90007-K
  • Mopper, S., Wiens, K. C., & Goranova, G. A. (2016). Competition, salinity, and clonal growth in native and introduced irises. American Journal of Botany, 103(9), 1575–1581. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600075
  • Morgan, V. H., Berent, L., & Fusaro, A. (2020). Iris pseudacorus L. U.S. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=1115
  • Myers, J. P., Antoniou, M. N., Blumberg, B., Carroll, L., Colborn, T., Everett, L. G., Hansen, M., Landrigan, P. J., Lanphear, B. P., Mesnage, R., Vandenberg, L. N., vom Saal, F. S., Welshons, W., & Benbrook, C. M. (2016). Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: A consensus statement. Environmental Health, 15(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-016-0117-0
  • NEMBA. (2014). National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (10/2004) – Alien and Invasive Species Regulations (GG 37885 – GN 598), 32 pp.
  • Nickel, H., & Remane, R. (2002). Check list of the planthoppers and leafhoppers of Germany, with notes on food plants, diet width, life cycles, geographic range and conservation status (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha). Beiträge zur Zikadenkunde, 5, 27–64.
  • Olckers, T. (2004). Targeting emerging weeds for biological control in South Africa: The benefits of halting the spread of alien plants at an early stage of their invasion. South African Journal of Science, 100(1), 64–68. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC96212
  • Ozsahin, E., Sezen, K., Demir, I., & Demirbag, Z. (2014). Bacterial isolates from Palomena prasina (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) include potential microbial control agents. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 24(9), 1039–1051. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2014.918584
  • Paik, C. H., Choi, M. Y., Seo, H. Y., Lee, G. H., & Kim, J. D. (2007). Stink bug species and host plants occurred in fallow lands for rice product regulation. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology, 46(2), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2007.46.2.221
  • Paynter, Q., Fowler, S. V., Gourlay, A. H., Groenteman, R., Peterson, P. G., Smith, L., & Winks, C. J. (2010). Predicting parasitoid accumulation on biological control agents of weeds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(3), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01810.x
  • Paynter, Q., Konuma, A., Dodd, S. L., Hill, R. L., Field, L., Gourlay, A. H., & Winks, C. J. (2017). Prospects for biological control of Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae) in New Zealand. Biological Control, 105, 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.11.006
  • Pocock, M. J., Roy, H. E., Preston, C. D., & Roy, D. B. (2015). The Biological Records Centre: A pioneer of citizen science. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115(3), 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12548
  • Poelen, J. H., Simons, J. D., & Mungall, C. J. (2014). Global biotic interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyse species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics, 24, 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005
  • Price, P. W., Roininen, H., & Ohgushi, T. (2005). Adaptive radiation into ecological niches with eruptive dynamics: A comparison of tenthredinid and diprionid sawflies. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74(3), 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00935.x
  • Ricarte, A., Souba-Dols, G. J., Hauser, M., & Marcos-García, M. A. (2017). A review of the early stages and host plants of the genera Eumerus and Merodon (Diptera: Syrphidae), with new data on four species. PLoS ONE, 12(12), e0189852. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189852
  • Robinson, G., Ackery, P., Kitching, I., Beccaloni, G., & Hernández, M. (2010). HOSTS – A database of the world's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum of London.
  • Schlager, N. (2004). Coleoptera (beetles and weevils). In Grzimek's (Ed.), Animal life encyclopaedia (Vol. 3: Insects), 331 pp.
  • Schlüter, U., & Crawford, R. M. M. (2001). Long-term anoxia tolerance in leaves of Acorus calamus L. And Iris pseudacorus L. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(364), 2213–2225. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/52.364.2213
  • Sheppard, A. W. (2002). Prioritising agents based on predicted efficacy: Beyond the lottery approach. In H. Spafford Jacob & D. T. Briese (Eds.), Improving the selection, testing and evaluation of weed biological control agents. Australian Weed Management Technical Series #7 (pp. 11–22).
  • Simelane, D. O. (2010). Potential impact of an introduced root-feeding flea beetle, Longitarsus bethae, on the growth and reproduction of an invasive weed, Lantana camara. Biological Control, 54(2), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.04.002
  • Skuhrovec, J., Gültekin, L., Śmigala, M., Winiarczyk, K., Dąbrowska, A., & Gosik, R. (2018). Description of the immature stages of two Mononychus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) and a study of the host preferences of M. punctumalbum for Iris species in Central Europe. Acta Zoologica, 99(3), 296–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12213
  • Smith, R. W., & Whittaker, J. B. (1980). Factors affecting Gastrophysa viridula populations (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in different habitats. The Journal of Animal Ecology, 49(2), 537–548. https://doi.org/10.2307/4262
  • Spencer, K. A. (1990). Host specialization in the world Agromyzidae (Diptera). Springer Ed.
  • Steinhausen, W. R. (2005). Phanologie mitteleuropaischer Blattflohkafer (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Berichte-Naturwissenschaftlich Medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck, 92, 221–232.
  • Stekolshchikov, A. V. (2008). Aphids of the genus Dysaphis Börner (Homoptera, Aphididae) associated with plants of the monocot classis (Liliopsida). Entomological Review, 88(7), 815–830. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873808070063
  • Stiers, I., Crohain, N., Josens, G., & Triest, L. (2011). Impact of three aquatic invasive species on native plants and macroinvertebrates in temperate ponds. Biological Invasions, 13(12), 2715–2726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-9942-9
  • Stone, K. R. (2009). Iris pseudacorus. In Fire Effects Information System, USDA. Retrieved April 20, 2020, from https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/iripse/all.html
  • Sutherland, W. J. (1990). Biological Flora of the British Isles: Iris pseudacorus L. Journal of Ecology, 78(3), 833–848. https://doi.org/10.2307/2260902
  • Szujecki, A. (2012). Ecology of forest insects (Vol. 26). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Thomas, L. K., Jr. (1980). The impact of three exotic plant species on a Potomac island. National Park Service Scientific Monograph Series, No. 13. 179 pp.
  • Todd, J. W. (1989). Ecology and behaviour of Nezara viridula. Annual Review of Entomology, 34(1), 273–292. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.001421
  • Ugarte, E., Lira, F., Fuentes, N., & Klotz, S. (2011). Vascular alien flora, Chile. Check List Journal of Species Lists and Distribution, 7(3), 365–382. https://doi.org/10.15560/7.3.365
  • USDA-APHIS. (2013). Weed Risk Assessment for Iris pseudacorus L. (Iridaceae) – Yellow flag iris. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ver. 1, 17pp.
  • Van Driesche, R., Hoddle, M., & Center, T. (2009). Control of pests and weeds by natural enemies: An introduction to biological control. Ed. John Wiley & Sons. 484 pp.
  • Vilà, M., Basnou, C., Pyšek, P., Josefsson, M., Genovesi, P., Gollasch, S., Nentwig, W., Olenin, S., Roques, A., Roy, D., & Hulme, P. E. (2010). How well do we understand the impacts of alien species on ecosystem services? A pan-European, cross-taxa assessment. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8(3), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1890/080083
  • Voigt, D., Gorb, S., & Boevé, J. L. (2011). Superhydrophobic cuticle with a “pinning effect” in the larvae of the iris sawfly, Rhadinoceraea micans (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zoology, 114(5), 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2011.05.004
  • Wagner, W. (2020). Lepidoptera/Orthoptera and their ecology. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from http://www.pyrgus.de
  • Wapshere, A. J. (1985). Effectiveness of biological control agents for weeds: Present quandaries. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 13(3-4), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(85)90015-5
  • Wells, E. F., & Brown, R. L. (2000). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants in the forest at historic Mount Vernon, Virginia: A legacy from the past. Castanea, 65(4), 242–257. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4034007
  • Willsey, T., Chatterton, S., & Cárcamo, H. (2017). Interactions of root-feeding insects with fungal and oomycete plant pathogens. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1764. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01764
  • Zahiri, R., & Fibiger, M. (2008). The Plusiinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Revista de Lepidopterología, 36(143), 301–339.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.