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Original research

Competition between two primary parasitoids, Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes, attacking the mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams and the influence of a hyperparasitoid Chartocerus hyalipennis Hayat

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Pages 225-234 | Received 13 Aug 1991, Published online: 17 Sep 2008

References

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  • Agricola , U. and Fischer , H.U. 1991 . Hyperparasitism in two newly introduced encyrtid parasitoids, Epidino‐carsis lopezi and Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) after their establishment in Togo . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 81 : 127 – 132 .
  • Agricola , U. , Agounké , D. , Fischer , H.U. and Moore , D. 1989 . The control of Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Togo by the introduction of Gyranusoidea tebygi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 79 : 671 – 678 .
  • Cross , A.E. and Moore , D. 1992 . Development studies on Anagyrus mangicola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mealybug Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 82 : 307 – 312 .
  • Force , D.C. and Messenger , P.S. 1965 . Laboratory studies on competition among three parasites of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) . Ecology , 46 : 853 – 859 .
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  • Goergen , G. and Neuenschwander , P. in press . A cage experiment with four trophic levels: cassava plant growth as influenced by cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, its parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi, and the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus and Chartocerus hyalipennis . Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz ,
  • Kfir , R. and Van Hamburg , H. 1988 . Interspecific competition between Telenomus ullyetti (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Trichogrammatoidea lutea (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing eggs of cotton bollworm Heliothis armiger in the laboratory . Environmental Entomology , 17 : 664 – 670 .
  • Narasimham , A.U. and Chacko , M.J. 1988 . Rastrococcus spp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their natural enemies in India as potential biocontrol agents for Rastrococcus invadens Williams . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 78 : 703 – 708 .
  • Noyes , J.S. 1988 . Gyranusoidea tebygi sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Rastrococcus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on mango in India . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 78 : 313 – 316 .
  • Noyes , J.S. 1990 . A new species of Anagyrus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from India attacking Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), a pest of mango and citrus in West Africa . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 80 : 203 – 207 .
  • Williams , D.J. 1986 . Rastrococcus invadens sp.n. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) introduced from the Oriental Region to West Africa and causing damage to mango, citrus and other trees . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 76 : 695 – 699 .
  • Willink , E. and Moore , D. 1988 . Aspects of the biology of Rastrococcus invadens Williams, (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a pest of fruit crops in West Africa and one of its primary parasitoids Gyranusoidea tebygi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 78 : 709 – 715 .

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