- BALL , B.V. , PYE , B.J. , CARRECK , N.L. , MOORE , D. and BATEMAN , R.P. 1994 . Laboratory testing of a mycopesticide on non-target organisms: the effects of an oil formulation of Metarhizium flavoviride applied to Apis mellifera . Biocontrol Science and Technology , 4 : 289 – 296 .
- BATEMAN , R.P. , CAREY , M. , MOORE , D. and PRIOR , C. 1993 . The enhanced infectivity of Metarhizium flavoviride in oil formulations to desert locusts at low humidities . Annals of Applied Biology , 122 : 145 – 152 .
- BATEMAN , R.P. , CAREY , M. , BATT , D. , PRIOR , C. , ABRAHAM , Y. , MOORE , D. , JENKINS , N. and FENLON , J. 1996 . Screening for virulent isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) . Biocontrol Science and Technology , 6 : 549 – 560 .
- BUSVINE , J.R. 1971 . A Critical Review of the Techniques for Testing Insecticides, , 2nd edn. , Slough, , UK : CAB .
- CHARNLEY , A.K. 1992 . “ Mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis in insects with particular reference to locusts ” . In Biological Control of Locusts and Grasshoppers , Edited by: LOMER , C.J. and PRIOR , C. 181 – 190 . Wallingford, , UK : CAB International .
- COOK , R.J. , BRUCKART , W.L. , COULSON , J.R. , GOETTEL , M.S. , HUMBER , R.A. , LUMSDEN , R.D. , MADDOX , J.V. , MCMANUS , M.L. , MOORE , L. , MEYER , S.F. , QUIMBY, , P.C. JR. , STACK , J.P. and VAUGHN , J.L. 1996 . Safety of microorganisms intended for pest and plant disease control: a framework for scientific evaluation . Biological Control , 7 : 333 – 352 .
- DELGADO , F.X. , BRITTON , J.H. , LOBO-LIMA , M.L. , RAZAFINDRATIANA , E. and SWEARINGEN , W. 1997 . “ Smallscale field trials with entomopathogenic fungi against Locusta migratoria capita in Madagascar and Oedaleus senegalensis in Cape Verde ” . In New Strategies in Locust Control , Edited by: KRALL , S. , PEVELING , R. and BA DIALLO , D. 171 – 176 . Basel, , Switzerland : Birkhäuser Verlag .
- DRIVER , F. , MILNER , R.J. and TRUEMAN , J.H.W. in press . A taxonomic revision of Metarhizium based on phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequence data . Mycological Research ,
- GOETTEL , M.S. and JOHNSON , D.L. 1992 . “ Environmental impact and safety of fungal biocontrol agents ” . In Biological Control of Locusts and Grasshoppers , Edited by: LOMER , C.J. and PRIOR , C. 356 – 361 . Wallingford, , UK : CAB International .
- GOETTEL , M.S. , POPRAWSKI , T.J. , VANDENBERG , J.D. , Li , Z. and ROBERTS , D.W. 1990 . “ Safety to nontarget invertebrates of fungal biocontrol agents ” . In Safety of Microbial Insecticides , Edited by: LAIRD , M. , LACEY , L.L. and DAVIDSON , E.W. 209 – 231 . Boca Raton, FL, , USA : CRC Press .
- KOOYMAN , C. , BATEMAN , R.P. , LANGEWALD , J. , LOMER , C.J. , OUAMBAMA , Z. and THOMAS , M.B. 1997 . Operational-scale application of entomopathogenic fungi for control of Sahelian grasshoppers . Proceedings of the Royal Society. London , 264 : 541 – 546 . B
- LANGEWALD , J. , THOMAS , M.B. , DOURO-KPINDOU , O.-K. and LOMER , C.J. 1997 . U se of Metarhizium flavoviride for control of Zonocerus variegatus: a model, linking dispersal and secondary infection from the spray residue with mortality in caged field samples . Entomologia Experimentalls et Applicata , 82 : 1 – 8 .
- LUBILOSA . 1997 . Green Muscle. User Handbook 1997 , Cotonou, Benin : International Institute of Tropical Agriculture .
- NEUENSCHWANDER , P. 1992 . “ Biological control of cassava mealybug in Africa ” . In Biological Control Manual, Vol. II: Case Studies of Biological Control in Africa, , 2nd edn , Edited by: MARKHAM , R.H. , WODAGENEH , A. and AGBOOLA , S. Vol. II , 3 – 47 . Cotonou, Benin : International Institute of Tropical Agriculture .
- PEVELING , R. and DEMBA , S.A. 1997 . Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal and toxicity of diflubenzuron, fenitrothion-esfenvalerate and profenofos-cypermethrin to nontarget arthropods in M auritania . Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 32 : 69 – 79 .
- PEVELING , R. and WEYRICH , J. 1992 . “ Effects of neem oil, Beauveria bassiana and dieldrin on non-target tenebrionid beetles in the desert zone of the Republic of Niger ” . In Biological Control of Locusts and Grasshoppers , Edited by: LOMER , C.J. and PRIOR , C. 321 – 336 . Wallingford, , UK : CAB International .
- PEVELING , R. , WEYRICH , J. and MÜLLER , P. 1994 . “ Side-effects of botanicals, insect growth regulators and entomopathogenic fungi on epigeal non-target arthropods in locust control ” . In New Trends in Locust Control , Schriftenreihe der GTZ no. 245 Edited by: KRALL , S. and WILPS , H. 147 – 176 . Eschborn, , Germany : GTZ .
- PRIOR , C. 1992 . “ Discovery and characterization of fungal pathogens for locust and grasshopper control ” . In Biological Control of Locusts and Grasshoppers , Edited by: LOMER , C.J. and PRIOR , C. 159 – 180 . Wallingford, , UK : CAB International .
- PRIOR , C. 1997 . “ Susceptibility of target acridoids and non-target organisms to Metarhlzium anisopliae and M. flavoviride ” . In New Strategies in Locust Control , Edited by: KRALL , S. , PEVELING , R. and BA DIALLO , D. 369 – 375 . Basel, , Switzerland : Birkhaüser Verlag .
- PRIOR , C. and GREATHEAD , D.J. 1989 . Biological control of locusts: the potential for the exploitation of pathogens . FAO Plant Protection Bulletin , 37 : 37 – 48 .
- SAIK , J.E. , LACEY , L.A. and LACEY , C.M. 1990 . “ Safety of microbial insecticides to vertebrates-domestic animals and wildlife ” . In Safety of Microbial Insecticides , Edited by: LAIRD , M. , LACEY , L.L. and DAVIDSON , E.W. 115 – 132 . Boca Raton, FL, , USA : CRC Press .
- SIEGEL , J.P. and SHADDUCK , J.A. 1990 . “ Safety of microbial insecticides to vertebrates-humans ” . In Safety of Microbial Insecticides , Edited by: LAIRD , M. , LACEY , L.L. and DAVIDSON , E.W. 101 – 113 . Boca Raton, FL, , USA : CRC Press .
- STEPHAN , D. and ZIMMERMANN , G. 1998 . Development of a spray-drying technique for submerged spores of entomopathogenic fungi . Biocontrol Science and Technology , 8 : 3 – 11 .
- STOLZ , I. 1996 . “ Die Wirkung des zur Heuschreckenbekämpfung eingesetzten entomopathogenen Pilzes Metarhizium flavoviride Garns & Rozsypal (Deuteromycotina: Moniliales) auf den Parasitoiden Apoanagyrus ( Epidtnocarsls) lopezi De Santis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ” . Gottingen, , Germany : Department of Agronomical Sciences, Georg-August University . Thesis
- THOMAS , M. B. , GBONGBOUI , C. and LOMER , C.J. 1996 . Between-season survival of the grasshopper pathogen Metarhizium flavoviride in the Sahel . Biocontrol Science and Technology , 6 : 569 – 573 .
- THOMAS , M.B. , WOOD , S.N. , LANGEWALD , J. and LOMER , C.J. 1997 . Persistence of Metarhizium flavoviride and consequences for biological control of grasshoppers and locusts . Pesticide Science , 49 : 47 – 55 .
- VAN DER VALK , H. and NIASSY , A. 1997 . “ Side-effects of locust control on beneficial arthropods: research approaches used by the Locustox project in Senegal ” . In New Strategies in Locust Control , Edited by: KRALL , S. , PEVELING , R. and BA DIALLO , D. 337 – 344 . Basel, , Switzerland : Birkhfluser Verlag .
- VAN DER VALK , H. , VAN DER STOEP , J. , FALL , B. and DIEME , E. 1994 . A laboratory toxicity test with Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)-first evaluation of rearing and testing methods , Locustox Report 94/1 Rome, , Italy : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) . Project GCP/SEN/041/NET
- ZIMMERMANN , G. , ZELAZNY , B. , KLEESPIES , R. and WELLING , M. 1994 . “ Biological control of African locusts by entomopathogenic microorganisms ” . In New Trends in Locust Control , Schriftenreihe der GTZ no. 245 Edited by: KRALL , S. and WILPS , H. 127 – 138 . Eschborn, , Germany : GTZ .
Laboratory Testing of Metarhizium spp. and Beauveria bassiana on Sahelian Non-target Arthropods
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.