Changing curriculum policy into practice: the case of physical education in Hong Kong

References

• Barber , M. 1998 . “ National strategies for educational reform: lessons from the British experience since 1988 ” . In International Handbook of Educational Change , Edited by: Hargreaves , A. , Leiberman , A. , Fullan , M. and Hopkins , D. ; 743 – 767 . London : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Bowe , R. , Ball , S. J. and Gold , A. 1992 . Reforming Education and Changing Schools: Case Studies in Policy Sociology , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Chan , W. K. D. and Johns , D. P. 1998 . Implementing new programs: the case of physical education . Educational Research Journal , 13 ( 2 ) : 176 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Cote , J. , Salmela , J. , Trudel , P. , Aberrahim , B. and Russell , S. 1993 . The coaching model: a ground assessment of expert gymnastic coach's knowledge . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 17 : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuban , L. 1998 . How schools change reforms: redefining reform success and failure . Teacher College Record , 99 ( 3 ) : 453 – 477 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Committee . 1988 . Syllabuses for Secondary Schools: Physical Education (Secondary I-V) , Hong Kong : Education Department .
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council . 1995 . Syllabuses for Primary Schools: Syllabus for Physical Education (Primary I-V) , Hong Kong : Education Department .
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council . 2000 . Membership of the Council, Standing Committees and Curriculum Development Council Committees (1999–2000) , Hong Kong : Education Department .
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Institute . 1994 . Supporting Materials on Physical Education for Secondary Schools , 2nd edn , Hong Kong : Education Department .
   Google Scholar
• Curtner-Smith , M. D. 1999 . The more things change the more they stay the same: factors influencing teachers' interpretations and delivery of National Curriculum physical education . Sport, Education and Society , 4 ( 1 ) : 75 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimmock , C. and Walker , A. 1998 . Transforming Hong Kong schools: trends and emerging issues . Journal of Educational Administration , 36 ( 5 ) : 476 – 508 .
   Google Scholar
• Education Commission . 1996 . Quality School Education , Hong Kong : Education Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Education Commission . 1999 . Education Blueprint for the 21^st Century , Hong Kong : Education Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Education Commission . 2000 . Learning for Life Learning through Life: Reform Proposals for the Education System in Hong Kong , Hong Kong : Education Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Education Department . 1994 . Report of the Advisory Committee on Implementation of Target-Oriented Curriculum , Hong Kong : Education Department .
   Google Scholar
• Education Department . 1998 . An Investigation into the Development and Implementation of the TOC Initiative , Hong Kong : Education Department .
   Google Scholar
• Education and Manpower Branch and Education Department . 1991 . The School Management Initiative: Setting the Framework for Quality in Hong Kong Schools , Hong Kong : Education Department .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , J. and Penny , D. 1992 . Investigating ERA: qualitative methods and policy oriented research . British Journal of Physical Education Research Supplement , 11 : 2 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , J. and Penny , D. 1995 . The politics of pedagogy: making a National Curriculum physical education . Journal of Education Policy , 10 ( 1 ) : 27 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , J. and Williams , T. 1989 . “ Moving up and getting out: the classed, gendered career opportunities of physical education teachers ” . In Socialization in Physical Education: Learning to Teach , Edited by: Templin , T. and Schempp , P. ; 235 – 249 . Indianapolis, IN : Benchmark Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fink , D. and Stoll , L. 1998 . “ Educational change: easier said than done ” . In International Handbook of Educational Change , Edited by: Hargreaves , A. , Leiberman , A. , Fullan , M. and Hopkins , D. ; 297 – 321 . London : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Fullan , M. 1982 . The Meaning of Educational Change , Ontario : Ontario Institute of Education, OISE Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fullan , M. 1991 . The New Meaning of Educational Change , London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Fullan , M. 1998 . “ The meaning of education change: a quarter of a century of learning ” . In International Handbook of Educational Change , Edited by: Hargreaves , A. , Leiberman , A. , Fullan , M. and Hopkins , D. ; 214 – 228 . London : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Fullan , M. 2000 . The return of large-scale reform . Journal of Educational Change , 1 : 5 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1987 . The theory of communicative action. Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functional Reasoning , Vol. 2 , Boston : Beacon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , A. 1994 . Changing Teachers, Changing Times , London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , A. 1998 . “ The emotions of teaching and education change ” . In International Handbook of Educational Change , Edited by: Hargreaves , A. , Leiberman , A. , Fullan , M. and Hopkins , D. ; 558 – 575 . London : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , A. , Leiberman , A. , Fullan , M. and Hopkins , D. , eds. International Handbook of Educational Change , London : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , J. 1993 . Physical education in the National Curriculum: results of a pilot study in secondary schools . British Journal of Physical Education , 24 ( 4 ) : 36 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Johns , D. and Dimmock , C. 1999 . The marginalization of physical education: impoverished curriculum policy and practice in Hong Kong . Journal of Education Policy , 14 ( 4 ) : 363 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laws , C. and Aldridge , M. 1995 . Magic moments, myth or milestone - the implementation of National Curriculum physical education . British Journal of Physical Education Supplement , 16 : 2 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Locke , L. 1998 . Advice, stories and myths: the reactions of a cliff jumper . Quest , 50 : 238 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald , D. 1999 . The “professional” work of experienced physical education teachers . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 70 ( 1 ) : 41 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch , F. G. 1998 . “ Curriculum reform, educational change and school improvement ” . In International Handbook of Educational Change , Edited by: Hargreaves , A. , Leiberman , A. , Fullan , M. and Hopkins , D. ; 1203 – 1215 . London : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , M. W. 1998 . “ Listening and learning from the field: tales of policy implementation and situated practice ” . In International Handbook of Educational Change , Edited by: Hargreaves , A. , Leiberman , A. , Fullan , M. and Hopkins , D. ; 70 – 84 . London : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , M. and Huberman , A. 1984 . Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , P. 1995 . The Hong Kong School Curriculum: Development, Issues and Policies , Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , P. and Chan , K. K. 1997 . The Hong Kong school curriculum and the political transition: politicization, contextualization, and symbolic action . Comparative Education , 33 ( 20 ) : 247 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , P. , Chan , K. K. and Lo , M. L. 1998 . “ Changing primary schools in Hong Kong: perspectives on policy and its impact ” . In Curriculum and Assessment for Hong Kong , Edited by: Stimpson , P. and Morris , P. ; 201 – 222 . Hong Kong : Open University of Hong Kong Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , P. , Lo , M. L. and Adamson , B. 2000 . “ Improving schools in Hong Kong -lessons from the past ” . In Changing the Curriculum: The Impact of Reform on Primary Schooling in Hong Kong , Edited by: Adamson , B. , Kwan , T. and Chan , K. K. ; 245 – 262 . Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , P. , Lo , M. L. , Chik , P. M. and Chan , K. K. 2000 . “ One function, two systems - changing assessment in Hong Kong's primary schools ” . In Changing the Curriculum: The Impact of Reform on Primary Schooling in Hong Kong , Edited by: Adamson , B. , Kwan , T. and Chan , K. K. 195 – 216 . Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nieto , S. 1998 . “ Cultural difference and educational change in a sociopolitical context ” . In International Handbook of Educational Change , Edited by: Hargreaves , A. , Leiberman , A. , Fullan , M. and Hopkins , D. 418 – 439 . London : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• O'Sullivan , M. , Tannehill , D. , Knop , N. , Pope , C. and Henniger , M. 1999 . A school-university collaborative journey towards relevance and meaning in an urban high school physical education program . Quest , 51 : 225 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popkewitz , T. 1994 . Professionalization in teaching and teacher education: some notes on its history, ideology and potential . Teaching and Teacher Education , 10 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , D. 1988 . British school improvement research: the contribution of qualitative studies . International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education , 1 ( 2 ) : 143 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , D. , Hopkins , D. and Stoll , L. 1993 . Linking school effectiveness knowledge and school improvement practice: towards a synergy . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 4 ( 1 ) : 37 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Sallis , J. F. and McKenzie , T. L. 1991 . Physical educator's role in public health . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 62 : 124 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergiovanni , T. J. 2000 . Changing change: toward a design science and art . Journal of Educational Change , 1 : 57 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Snyder , J. , Bolin , F. and Zumwalt , K. 1992 . “ Curriculum implementation ” . In Handbook of Research on Curriculum , Edited by: Jackson , P. New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Sparkes , A. 1987 . Strategic rhetoric: a constraint in changing the practice of teachers . British Journal of Sociology of Education , 40 : 37 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparkes , A. 1991 . “ Curriculum change: on gaining a sense of perspective ” . In Issues in Physical Education , Edited by: Armstrong , N. and Sparkes , A. London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Sparkes , A. and Templin , T. 1992 . “ Life histories and physical education teachers: exploring meanings of marginality ” . In Research in Physical Education and Sport , Edited by: Sparkes , A. 118 – 145 . London : Palmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tesch , R. 1990 . Qualitative Research Analysis Types and Software Tools , New York : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , A. and Dimmock , C. 1998 . Hong Kong's return to mainland China: educational policy in times of uncertainty . Journal of Education Policy , 13 ( 1 ) : 3 – 25 .
   Google Scholar