The myth of general problem‐ solving capability: design and technology as an example

REFERENCES

• Ackermann , E. 1990 . “ ‘From decontextualizcd to situated knowledge: revisiting Piaget's water‐level experiment’ ” . In Constructionist Learning , Edited by: Harel , E. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Epistemology and Learning Group .
   Google Scholar
• Adey , P. and Shayer , M. ‘An exploration of long‐term far‐transfer effects following an extended intervention programme in the high school science curriculum’ . Cognition and Instruction , (forthcoming)
   Google Scholar
• Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Units (ALBSU) . 1983 . Literacy and Numeracy: Evidence from the National Child Development Study , London : ALBSU .
   Google Scholar
• Anning , A. 1992 . “ ‘Learning design and technology in primary schools’ ” . In Teaching and Learning Technology , Edited by: McCormick , M. , Murphy , P. and Harrison , M. E. London : Addison‐Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Argles , D. 1988 . “ ‘Yes ‐ but how young?’ ” . In Teaching and Learning with Robots , Edited by: Terry , C. and Thomas , P. London : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Assessment of Performance Unit (APU) . 1987 . Design and Technological Activity: A Framework for Assessment , London : HMSO .
   Google Scholar
• Black , P. 1990 . “ ‘Implementing Technology in the National Curriculum’ ” . In In Technology in the National Curriculum. Key Issues in Implementation , London : The Standing Conference on Schools' Science and Technology and DATA .
   Google Scholar
• Bonington , J. 1988 . “ ‘An educational technologist's perspective on the process’ ” . In Teaching and Learning with Robots , Edited by: Terry , C. and Thomas , P. London : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , A. L. 1978 . “ ‘Knowing when, where, and how to remember: a problem of metacognition’ ” . In Advances in Instructional Psychology , Edited by: Glaser , R. vol. 1 , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , A. L. and Campione , J. C. 1984 . “ ‘Three faces of transfer: implications for early competence, individual differences and instruction’ ” . In Advances in Developmental Psychology , Edited by: Lamb , M. E. , Brown , A. L. and Rogoff , B. vol. 3 , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , M. 1981 . “ ‘Number operations’ ” . In Children's Understanding of Mathematics 11‐16 , Edited by: Hart , K. M. London : John Murray .
   Google Scholar
• Bruner , J. S. 1972 . ‘Nature and uses of immaturity’ . American Psychologist , 27 : 687 – 708 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraher , T. N. 1986 . ‘From drawings to buildings’ . International Journal of Behavioural Development , 9 : 527 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraher , T. N. , Carraher , D. W. and Schliemann , A. D. 1985 . ‘Mathematics in the Streets and in Schools’ . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 3 : 21 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraher , T. N. , Carraher , D. W. and Schliemann , A. D. 1987 . ‘Written and oral mathematics’ . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 18 (2) : 83 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champagne , A. B. , Gunstone , R. F. and Klopfer , L. E. 1985 . “ ‘Instructional consequences of students’ knowledge about physical phenomena’ ” . In Cognitive Structure and Conceptual Change , Edited by: West , L. H. T. and Pines , A. L. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , A. , Brown , J. S. and Newman , S. E. 1989 . “ ‘Cognitive apprenticeship: teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics’ ” . In Cognition and Instruction: Issues and Agendas , Edited by: Resnick , L. B. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Crook , C. 1991 . ‘Computers in the zone of proximal development: implications for evaluation’ . Computers in Education , 17 (1) : 81 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross , N. 1982 . ‘Designerly ways of knowing’ . Design Studies , 3 (4) : 221 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• de Bono , E. 1985 . “ ‘The CoRT Thinking Program’ ” . In Thinking and Learning Skills , Edited by: Segal , J. W. , Chipman , S. F. and Glaser , R. vol. 1 , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• deLuca , V. W. 1992 . ‘Survey of technology education problem‐solving activities’ . The Technology Teacher , : 26 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Driver , R. 1989 . ‘Students’ conceptions and the learning of science’ . International Journal of Science Education , 11 (5) : 481 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , J. 1991 . “ ‘The direct teaching of thinking skills’ ” . In Learning and Teaching Cognitive Skills , Edited by: Evans , G. Hawthorn, Victoria : Australian Council for Educational Research .
   Google Scholar
• Eggleston , J. 1992 . Teaching Design and Technology , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald , A. 1985 . New Technology and Mathematics in Employment , Birmingham : Department of Curriculum Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , M. , Simon , B. and Croll , P. 1980 . Inside the Primary Classroom , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Garrett , R. M. 1986 . ‘Problem‐solving in science education’ . Studies in Science Education , 13 : 70 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Garrett , R. M. 1989 . ‘Promoting creativity through a problem‐solving science curriculum’ . School Science Review , 70 (252) : 127 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Glaser , R. 1984 . ‘Education and thinking: the role of knowledge’ . American Psychologist , 39 (2) : 93 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpern , D. F. 1992 . Enhancing Thinking Skills in the Sciences and Mathematics , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , K. M. 1981 . Children's Understanding of Mathematics 11–16 , London : John Murray .
   Google Scholar
• Hayes Report . 1983 . The Industrial Requirements of Industry , London : Design Council . A report commissioned by the DES and undertaken by Chris Hayes Associates and Keller Dorsey Associates
   Google Scholar
• Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Schools (HMI) . 1992 . Technology at Key Stages 1, 2 and 3 , London : HMSO .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter‐Grundin , E. 1985 . Teaching Thinking: An Evaluation of Edward De Bono's Classroom Materials , London : Schools Council Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery , J. R. 1990 . ‘Design methods in CDT’ . Journal of Art and Design Education , 9 (1) : 57 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , S. D. and Thomas , R. 1992 . ‘Technology education and the cognitive revolution’ . The Technology Teacher , 51 (4) : 7 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Kimbell , R. , Stables , K. , Wheeler , T. , Wosniak , A. and Kelly , V. 1991 . The Assessment of Performance in Design and Technology , London : SEAC .
   Google Scholar
• Lampert , M. 1986 . ‘Knowing, doing and teaching multiplication’ . Cognition and Instruction , 3 : 305 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Lave , J. 1988 . Cognition in Practice: Mind, Mathematics and Culture in Everyday Life , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lave , J. , Murtaugh , M. and de la Rocha , O. 1984 . “ ‘The dialectic of arithmetic in grocery shopping’ ” . In Everyday Cognition: Its Development in Social Context , Edited by: Rogoff , B. and Lave , J. 67 – 94 . Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lave , J. , Smith , S. and Butler , M. 1988 . “ ‘Problem solving as an everyday practice’ ” . In Learning Mathematical Problem Solving , Edited by: Lave , J. , Greeno , J. G. , Schoenfeld , A. , Smith , S. and Butler , M. Palo Alto, Calif. : Institute for Research on Learning . report no. IRL88‐0006
   Google Scholar
• Layton , D. 1991a . Aspects of National Curriculum Design and Technology , York : National Curriculum Council .
   Google Scholar
• Layton , D. 1991b . ‘Science education and praxis: the relationship of school science to practical action’ . Studies in Science Education , 19 : 43 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• McCormick , R. 1990 . ‘Technology and the National Curriculum: the creation of a “subject” by committee?’ . The Curriculum Journal , 1 (1) : 39 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• McCormick , R. 1991 . “ ‘The evolution of current practice in technology education’ ” . In Integrating Advanced Technology into Technology Education , Edited by: Hacker , M. , Gordon , A. and de Vries , M. Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• McCormick , R. Paper presented at NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Design Methodology and Relationships with Science . Eindhoven, Netherlands. Design Education and Science: Practical Implications ,
   Google Scholar
• McDermott , L. C. 1984 . ‘Research on conceptual understanding in mechanics’ . Physics Today , : 24 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier , E. 1980 . ‘Folk mathematics’ . Mathematics Teaching , 93 : 21 – 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Medway , P. 1992 . “ ‘Constructions of technology: reflections on a new subject’ ” . In Technological Literacy and the Curriculum , Edited by: Beynon , J. and Mackay , H. London : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• National Curriculum Council (NCC) . 1989 . Design and Technology for Ages 5‐16: Proposals of the Secretary of State for Education and Science and the Secretary of State for Wales , York : NCC .
   Google Scholar
• National Curriculum Council (NCC) . 1991 . Non‐Statutory Guidance for Design and Technology , York : NCC .
   Google Scholar
• National Curriculum Council (NCC) . 1992 . National Curriculum Technology: The Case for Revising the Order , York : NCC .
   Google Scholar
• National Economic Development Office (NEDO) . 1976 . The Professions in the Construction Industries , London : NEDO .
   Google Scholar
• Palincsar , A. S. and Brown , A. L. 1984 . ‘Reciprocal teaching of comprehension‐fostering and comprehension‐monitoring activities’ . Cognition and Instruction , 7 (2) : 117 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Petroski , H. 1985 . To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design , New York : St. Martin .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , J. A. 1987 . ‘Is architectural design a trivial pursuit?’ . Design Studies , 8 (4) : 187 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Reed , H. J. and Lave , J. 1981 . “ ‘Arithmetic as a tool for investigating relations between culture and cognition’ ” . In Language, Culture and Cognition: Anthropological Perspectives , Edited by: Casson , R. W. New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Resnick , L. B. 1987a . ‘Learning in school and out’ . Educational Researcher , 16 (9) : 13 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Resnick , L. B. 1987b . Education and Learning to Think , Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Resnick , L. B. , Lesgold , S. and Bill , V. 1990 . “ ‘From protoquantities to number sense’ ” . In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Psychology of Mathematics Education Conference Edited by: Booker , G. , Cobb , J. and de Mendicuti , T. N. vol. 3 , 305 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Roazzi , A. and Bryant , P. 1992 . “ ‘Social class, context and cognitive development’ ” . In Context and Cognition: Ways of Learning and Knowing , Edited by: Light , P. and Butterworth , G. Hemel Hempstead : Harvester Wheatsheaf .
   Google Scholar
• Saxe , G. B. 1982 . ‘Developing forms of arithmetic operations among the Oksapmin of Papua New Guinea’ . Developmental Psychology , 18 (4) : 583 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxe , G. B. 1988 . ‘Candy selling and maths learning’ . Educational Researcher , 17 : 14 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Scardamalia , M. and Bereiter , C. “ ‘An architecture for collaborative knowledge building’ ” . In Computer‐Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving , Edited by: De Corte , E. , Linn , M. , Mandl , H. and Verschaffel , L. Berlin : Springer . (forthcoming) (NATO‐ASI Series F Computer and Systems Sciences)
   Google Scholar
• Schliemann , A. D. and Acioly , N. M. 1989 . ‘Mathematical knowledge developed at work: the contribution of practice versus the contribution of schooling’ . Cognition and Instruction , 6 (3) : 185 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenfeld , A. H. 1985 . Mathematical Problem Solving , Orlando : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schoenfeld , A. H. 1987 . “ ‘What's all the fuss about metacognition?’ ” . In Cognitive Science and Mathematics Education , Edited by: Schoenfeld , A. H. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Schoenfeld , A. H. 1991 . “ ‘Making: an informal attack on the unfortunate divorce of formal and informal mathematics’ ” . In Informal Reasoning and Education , Edited by: Voss , J. F. , Perkins , D. N. and Segal , J. W. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Schools Council . 1975 . Education through Design and Craft , London : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Scribner , S. 1984 . “ ‘Studying working intelligence’ ” . In Everday Cognition , Edited by: Rogoff , B. and Lave , J. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Secondary Examination Council (SEC) . 1986 . Craft Design and Technology GCSE: A Guide for Teachers , London : Secondary Examination Council .
   Google Scholar
• Segal , J. W. , Chipman , S. F. and Glaser , R. , eds. 1985 . Thinking and Learning Skills , vol. 1 , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Sellwood , P. 1990 . ‘The National Project: Practical Problem Solving 5‐13’ . Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Design and Technology Education Research and Curriculum Development , Loughborough University of Technology
   Google Scholar
• Sellwood , P. 1991 . Problem Solving in Design and Technology (working paper)
   Google Scholar
• Sewell , B. 1982 . Use of Mathematics by Adults in Daily Life , Leicester : Advisory Council for Adult and Continuing Education .
   Google Scholar
• Shuard , H. 1986 . ‘Primary mathematics towards 2000’ . Mathematical Gazette , 70 : 175 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Shuell , T. J. 1986 . ‘Cognitive conceptions of learning’ . Review of Educational Research , 56 : 411 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , H. A. 1973 . ‘The structure of ill‐structured problems’ . Artificial Intelligence , 4 : 181 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smithers , A. and Robinson , P. 1992 . Technology in the National Curriculum: Getting it Right , London : The Engineering Council .
   Google Scholar
• Watts , M. 1991 . The Science of Problem‐solving: A Practical Guide for Science Teachers , London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Wenger , E. 1991 . ‘Communities of practice: where learning happens’ . Benchmark , : 6 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Wharry , D. 1988 . “ ‘Control technology and robotics in primary schools’ ” . In Teaching and Learning with Robots , Edited by: Terry , C. and Thomas , P. London : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Wynne , B. E. , Payne , S. J. and Wakeford , J. R. 1990 . Frameworks for Understanding Public Interpretations of Science and Technology End of Award Report for ESRC grant no. A09250008
   Google Scholar