Expatriate staffing in foreign subsidiaries of Japanese multinational corporations in the PRC and the United States

REFERENCES

• Anderson, A.D.M. and Kazuo Noguchi (1995) 'An Analysis of the Intra-flrm Sales Activities of Japanese Multinational Enterprises in the United States: 1977-1989', Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 12: 69-90.
   Google Scholar
• Aycan, Z. (1997) Expatriate Adjustment as a Multifeceted Phenomenon: Individual and Organizational Level Predictors', International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8: 434-56.
   Google Scholar
• Beamish, P.W. (1988) Multinational Joint Ventures in Developing Countries. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Beamish, P.W. and Inkpen, A. (1998) 'The Decline of the Japanese Expatriate', Journal of World Business, 33: 35-50.
   Google Scholar
• Beamish, P.W., Delios, A. and Lecraw, D.J. (1997) Japanese Multinationals in the Global Economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Björkman, I. and Yuan Lu (1999) "The Management of Human Resources in Chinese-Western Joint Ventures', Journal of World Business.
   Google Scholar
• Black, S.J. and Mendenhall, M.E. (1991) 'The U-curve Adjustment Hypothesis Revisited: A Review and Theoretical Framework', Journal of International Business Studies. 22: 225-47.
   Google Scholar
• Black, S.J., Morrison, A. and Gregersen, H. (1999) Global Explorers: The Next Generation of Leaders. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brewster, C. (1991) The Management of Expatriates. London: Kogan Page.
   Google Scholar
• Child, J., Yanni Van and Yuan Lu (1997) Ownership and Control in Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures'. In Beamish, P.W. and Killing, J.P. (eds) Cooperative Strategies -- Asian Pacific Perspectives, San Francisco: New Lexington Press.
   Google Scholar
• DIR (1996) Analyst's Guide. Tokyo: Daiwa Institute of Research.
   Google Scholar
• Dowling, P.J., Schuler, R.S. and Welch, D.E. (1994) International Dimensions of Human Resource Management, 2nd edn. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Edstrom, A. and Galbraith, J.R. (1977) 'Transfer of managers as a coordination and control strategy in multinational corporations', Administrative Science Quarterly, 22: 248-63.
   Google Scholar
• Egelhoff, W.G. (1984) 'Patterns of Control in U.S., UK, and European Multinational Corporations', Journal of International Business Studies, 15(3): 73-83.
   Google Scholar
• Enderwick, P. (1994) Transnational Corporations and Human Resources, Vol. 16, United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Geringer, J.M. and Frayne, C.A. (1990) 'Human Resource Management and International Joint Venture Control: A Parent Company Perspective', Management International Review, 30(Special Issue): 103-20.
   Google Scholar
• Geringer, J.M. and Hébert, L. (1989) 'Control and Performance of International Joint Ventures', Journal of International Business Studies, 20: 235-54.
   Google Scholar
• Ghoshal, S. and Bartlett, C.A. (1990) 'The Multinational Corporation as an Intel-organizational Network', Academy of Management Review, 15: 603-25.
   Google Scholar
• Goodall, K. and Warner M. (1998) 'HRM Dilemmas in China: The Case of Foreign-Invested Enterprises in Shanghai', Asia Pacific Business Review, 4(4): 1-21.
   Google Scholar
• Hailey, J. (1994) 'Localising the Multinationals: Limitations and Problems'. In Segal-Hom, S. (ed.) The Challenge of International Business. London: Kogan Page.
   Google Scholar
• Hamill, J. (1989) 'Expatriate Policies in British Multinationals', Journal of General Management, 14(4): 18-33.
   Google Scholar
• Kobrin, S.J. (1988) 'Expatriate Reduction and Strategic Control in American Multinational Corporations', Human Resource Management, 27: 63-75.
   Google Scholar
• Lecraw, D.J. (1984) 'Bargaining Power, Ownership, and Profitability of Transnational Corporations in Developing Countries', Journal of International Business Studies, 15: 27-43.
   Google Scholar
• Makino, S. and Delios, A. (1996) 'Local Knowledge Transfer and Performance: Implications for Alliance Formation in Asia', Journal of International Business Studies, 27: 905-28.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez, J.J. and Jarillo, J.C. (1989) "The Evolution of Research on Coordination Mechanisms in Multinational Corporations', Journal of International Business Studies, 20(3): 489-514.
   Google Scholar
• Murtha, T.P., Lenway, S.A. and Bagozzi, R.P. (1998) 'Global Mind-sets and Cognitive Shift in a Complex Multinational Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 19: 97-114.
   Google Scholar
• Naumann, E. (1992) 'A Conceptual Model of Expatriate Turnover', Journal of International Business Studies, 23: 499-531.
   Google Scholar
• Ondrack, D. (1985) 'International Transfers of Managers in North America and European MNEs', Journal of International Business Studies, 16(3): 1-19.
   Google Scholar
• Penrose, E.T. (1959) The Theory of The Growth of The Firm. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Perkins, A.G. (1994) 'Japanese Multinationals: The Hiring of Expatriates Persists', Harvard Business Review, 72(5): 10.
   Google Scholar
• Perlmutter, H.V. (1969) "The Tortous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation', Columbia Journal of World Business, 4(1): 9-18.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, R.B., Napier, N. and Won Shul Shin (1996) 'Expatriate Management -- The Differential Role of National Multinational Corporation Ownership', The International Executive, 38: 543-62.
   Google Scholar
• Torbiöm, I. (1994) 'Operative and Strategic Use of Expatriates in New Organizations and Market Structures', International Studies of Management and Organization, 24(3): 5-17.
   Google Scholar
• Toyo Keizai (1997) Japanese Overseas Investments 1997 (in Japanese). Tokyo: Toyo Keizai.
   Google Scholar
• Tung, R.L. (1982) 'Selection and Training Procedures of U.S., European, and Japanese Multinationals', California Management Review, 25(1): 57-71.
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD (1997) World Competitiveness Report, 1997. New York and Geneva: The United Nations.
   Google Scholar