7,570
Views
121
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Global staffing: a review and thematic research agenda

, &
Pages 1253-1272 | Published online: 18 Jun 2009

References

  • Adler , N.J. 1984 . Women in International Management: Where are They? . California Management Review , 26 ( 4 ) : 78 – 89 .
  • Adler , N.J. 1991 . International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior , Boston : PWS-Kent .
  • Altman , Y. and Shortland , S. 2008 . Women and International Assignments: Taking Stock – A 25 Year Review . Human Resource Management , 47 : 199 – 216 .
  • Antal , B.A. 2000 . Types of Knowledge Gained by Expatriate Managers . Journal of General Management , 26 ( 2 ) : 32 – 51 .
  • Benito , G.R.G. , Tomasen , S. , Bonache-Perez , J. and Pla-Barber , J. 2005 . A Transaction Cost Analysis of Staffing Decisions in International Operations . Scandinavian Journal of Management , 21 : 101 – 126 .
  • Björkman , I. , Barner-Rasmussen , W. and Li , L. 2004 . Managing Knowledge Transfer in MNCs: The Impact of Headquarters Control Mechanisms . Journal of International Business Studies , 35 : 443 – 455 .
  • Black , J.S. 1988 . Work Role Transitions: A Study of American Expatriate Managers in Japan . Journal of International Business Studies , : 277 – 294 . Summer
  • Blakeney , R.N. , Oddou , G. and Osland , J.S. 2005 . “ Repatriate Assets: Factors Impacting Knowledge Transfer ” . In International HRM and International Assignments , Edited by: Morley , M. , Heraty , N. and Collings , D. 181 – 199 . London : Palgrave .
  • Bonache , J. and Brewster , C. 2001 . Knowledge Transfer and the Management of Expatriation . Thunderbird International Business Review , 43 : 145 – 168 .
  • Bonache , J. , Brewster , C. and Suutari , V. 2001 . Expatriation: A Developing Research Agenda . Thunderbird International Business Review , 43 : 145 – 168 .
  • Bonache-Perez , J. and Pla-Barber , J. 2005 . When are International Managers a Cost-effective Solution? The Rationale of Transaction Cost Economics Applied to Staffing Decisions in MNCs . Journal of Business Research , 58 : 1320 – 1329 .
  • Boudreau , J.W. and Ramstad , P.M. 2007 . Beyond HR: The New Science of Human Capital , Boston, USA : Harvard Business School Press .
  • Brewster , C. 1991 . The Management of Expatriates , London : Kogan Page .
  • Brewster , C. 1993 . The Paradox of Expatriate Adjustment: UK and Swedish Expatriates in Sweden and the UK . Human Resource Management Journal , 4 ( 1 ) : 49 – 62 .
  • Brewster , C. and Scullion , H. 1997 . Expatriate HRM: A Review and an Agenda . Human Resource Management Journal , 7 ( 3 ) : 32 – 41 .
  • Brewster , C. , Wood , G.T. , Brooks , M. and Van Ommeren , J. 2006 . What Determines the Size of HR Function? A Cross-national Analysis . Human Resource Management , 45 : 3 – 21 .
  • Cappelli , P. 2008 . Talent Management for the Twenty-first Century . Harvard Business Review , : 74 – 81 .
  • Carr , S. , Inkson , K. and Thorn , K. 2005 . From Global Careers to Talent Flow: Reinterpreting the “Brain Drain” . Journal of World Business , 40 ( 4 ) : 386 – 398 .
  • Cohen , W.M. and Levinthal , D.A. 1990 . Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation . Administrative Science Quarterly , 35 : 128 – 152 .
  • Collings , D.G. , Morley , M.J. and Gunnigle , P. 2008 . Composing the Top Management Team in the International Subsidiary: Qualitative Evidence on International Staffing in US MNCs in the Republic of Ireland . Journal of World Business , 43 : 197 – 212 .
  • Collings , D. and Scullion , H. 2006 . “ Global Staffing,’ in Handbook of Research in ” . In International Human Resource Management , Edited by: Stahl , G.K. and Björkman , I. 141 – 157 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
  • Collings , D.G. , Scullion , H. and Morley , M.J. 2007 . Changing Patterns of Global Staffing in the Multinational Enterprise: Challenges to the Conventional Expatriate Assignment and Emerging Alternatives . Journal of World Business , 42 : 198 – 213 .
  • Cooke , W.N. 2006 . “ Industrial Relations in MNCs ” . In Global Industrial Relations , Edited by: Morley , M.J. , Gunnigle , P. and Collings , D.G. 326 – 348 . London : Routledge .
  • De Cieri , H. , Dowling , P.J. and Taylor , K.F. 1991 . The Psychological Impact of Expatriate Relocation on Partners . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 2 : 377 – 414 .
  • Dickmann , M. and Harris , H. 2005 . Developing Career Capital for Global Careers: The Role of International Assignments . Journal of World Business , 40 : 399 – 408 .
  • Dowling, P., De Cieri, H., Hutchings, K., and Zhu, C. (2008), ‘Outward Foreign Direct Investment by Chinese Multinational Enterprises: A New Frontier for International Human Resource Management,’ paper presented at the Academy of International Business, Milan, 30 June–3 July
  • Dowling , P.J. , Festing , M. and Engle , A.D. 2008 . International Human Resource Management: Managing People in a Multinational Context , 5th ed. , London : Cengage Learning .
  • Dowling , P. and Welch , D. 1988 . International Human Resource Management: An Australian Perspective . Asia-Pacific Journal of Management , 1 : 39 – 65 .
  • Downes , M. and Thomas , A.S. 2000 . Knowledge Transfer through Expatriation: The U-curve Approach to Overseas Staffing . Journal of Managerial Issues , 12 : 131 – 149 .
  • Edström , A. and Galbraith , J.R. 1977 . Transfer of Managers as a Coordination and Control Strategy in Multinational Organizations . Administrative Science Quarterly , 22 : 248 – 263 .
  • Edwards , T. , Rees , C. and Coller , X. 1999 . Structure, Politics and the Diffusion of Employment Practices in Multinationals . European Journal of Industrial Relations , 5 : 286 – 306 .
  • Edwards , T. , Collings , D. , Quintanilla , J. and Temple , A. 2006 . “ Innovation and the Diffusion of Organization Learning ” . In American Multinationals in Europe: Managing Employment Relations Across National Borders , Edited by: Almond , P. and Ferner , A. 223 – 247 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Egelhoff , W.G. 1984 . Patterns of Control in US, UK, and European Multinational Corporations . Journal of International Business Studies , : 73 – 83 . Fall
  • Erdener , C. and Torbiorn , I. 1999 . A Transaction Costs Perspective on International Staffing Patterns: Implications for Firm Performance . Management International Review , 39 : 89 – 106 .
  • Evans , P. , Pucik , V. and Barsoux , J.L. 2002 . The Global Challenge: Frameworks for International Human Resource Management , Boston, MA : McGraw-Hill .
  • Franko , L. 1973 . Who Manages Multinational Enterprises? . Colombia Journal of World Business , 8 : 30 – 42 .
  • Furuya , N. , Stephens , M.J. , Bird , A. , Oddou , G. and Mendenhall , M. 2008 . Managing the Learning and Transfer of Management Competence: Antededents and Outcomes of Japanese Repatriation Effectiveness . Journal of International Business Studies , : 1 – 16 . advance online publication retrieved on 10 July 2008 from: doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400416
  • Gammelgaard , J. , Holm , U. and Pedersen , T. 2004 . “ The Dilemmas of MNC Subsidiary Transfer of Knowledge ” . In Knowledge Flows, Governance and the Multinational Enterprise: Frontiers in International Management Research , Edited by: Mahnke , V. and Pedersen , T. Basingstoke : Macmillan .
  • GMAC Global Relocation Services . 2007 . Global Relocation Trends: 2006 Survey Report , New Jersey : GMAC .
  • Gomez , C. and Sanchez , J.I. 2005 . HR's Strategic Role within MNCs: Helping Build Social Capital in Latin America . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 16 : 2189 – 2200 .
  • Gong , Y. 2003 . Toward a Dynamic Process Model of Staffing Composition and Subsidiary Outcomes in Multinational Enterprises . Journal of Management , 29 : 259 – 280 .
  • Gupta , A. and Govindarajan , V. 1991 . Knowledge Flows and the Structure of Control within Multinational Corporations . Academy of Management Review , 16 : 4 – 792 .
  • Harris , H. 1995 . “ Women's Role in International Management ” . In International Human Resource Management , Edited by: Harzing , A.W.K. and Van Ruysseveldt , J. 229 – 251 . London : Sage .
  • Harris, H., and Kumra, S. (1999), ‘International Manager Development: Cross Cultural Training in Highly Diverse Environments,’ paper presented at the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, Workshop on Expatriation, University Carlos III, Spain, 24–25 September
  • Harvey , M.G. 1985 . The Executive Family: An Overlooked Variable in International Assignments . Colombia Journal of World Business , : 84 – 92 . Spring
  • Harvey , M.G. 1989 . Repatriation of Corporate Executives: An Empirical Study . Journal of International Business Studies , : 131 – 144 . Spring
  • Harvey , M. 1997 . Inpatriation Training: The Next Challenge for International Human Resource Management . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 23 : 339 – 428 .
  • Harvey , M. , Novicevic , M.M. and Garrison , G. 2005 . Global Virtual Teams: A Human Resource Architecture . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 16 : 1583 – 1599 .
  • Harvey , M. , Speicer , C. and Novicevic , M.M. 2001 . A Theory-based Framework for Strategic Global Human Resource Staffing Policies and Practices . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 12 : 898 – 915 .
  • Harzing , A.W. 1999 . Managing the Multinationals: an International Study of Control Mechanisms , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
  • Harzing , A.W. 2001 . Of Bears, Bees and Spiders: The Role of Expatriates in Controlling Foreign Subsidiaries . Journal of World Business , 26 : 366 – 379 .
  • Harzing , A.W. 2002 . Acquisitions versus Greenfield Investments: International Strategy and Management of Entry Modes . Strategic Management Journal , 23 : 211 – 227 .
  • Harzing , A.W. 2004 . “ Composing and International Staff ” . In International Human Resource Management , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Harzing and van Ruysseveldt , J. 251 – 282 . London : Sage .
  • Hays , R.D. 1974 . Expatriate Selection: Insuring Success and Avoiding Failure . Journal of International Business Studies , 5 : 25 – 37 .
  • Heenan , D.A. and Perlmutter , H.V. 1979 . Multinational Organizational Development , Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley .
  • Henry , E.R. 1965 . What Businesses can Learn from Peace Corps Selection and Training . Personnel , 41 July
  • Henry , J. and Hartzler , M. 1998 . Tools for Virtual Teams: A Team Fitness Companion , Miwaukee, WI : ASQ Quality .
  • Inkson , K. , Arthur , M.B. , Pringle , J. and Barry , S. 1997 . Expatriate Assignment versus Overseas Experience: Contrasting Models of Human Resource Development . Journal of World Business , 32 : 351 – 368 .
  • Ivancevich , J.M. 1969 . Selection of American Managers for Overseas Assignment . Personnel Journal , 18 March
  • Janssen , M. 1994 . Evaluating International Managers' Performance: Parent Country Standards as Control Mechanisms . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 5 : 853 – 873 .
  • Johnson , L. 2005 . Measuring International Assignment Return on Investment . Compensation and Benefits Review , 37 : 50 – 54 .
  • Kobrin , S.J. 1988 . Expatriate Reduction and Strategic Control in American Multinational Corporations . Human Resource Management , 27 : 63 – 75 .
  • Kobrin , S.J. 1994 . Is There a Relationship Between a Geocentric Mindset and Multinational Strategy . Journal of International Business Studies , 25 ( 3 ) : 493 – 511 .
  • Kogut , B. and Zander , U. 2003 . Knowledge of the Firm and the Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Corporation . Journal of International Business Studies , 34 : 516 – 529 .
  • Kostova , T. and Roth , K. 2003 . Social Capital in Multinational Corporations & a Micro-macro Model of its Formation . Academy of Management Review , 28 ( 2 ) : 297 – 317 .
  • Kupta , B. and Cathro , V. 2007 . Desperate Housewives – Social and Professional Isolation of German Expatriated Spouses . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 18 : 951 – 968 .
  • Lazarova , M.B. 2006 . “ International Human Resource Management in Global Perspective ” . In International Human Resource Management and International Assignments , Edited by: Morley , M.J. , Heraty , N. and Collings , D.G. 24 – 51 . Basingstoke : Palgrave MacMillan .
  • Lengnick-Hall , M.L. and Lengnick-Hall , C.A. 2006 . “ International Human Resource Management and Social Network/Social Capital Theory ” . In Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management , Edited by: Stahl , G.K. and Björkman , I. 475 – 487 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
  • Li , S. and Scullion , H. 2006 . Bridging the Distance: Managing Cross-border Knowledge Holders . Asia Pacific Management Journal , 23 : 71 – 92 .
  • Linehan , M. 2000 . Senior Female International Managers: Why So Few? , Aldershot : Ashgate .
  • Linehan , M. and Scullion , H. 2008 . The Development of Female Global Managers: The Role of Mentoring and Development . Journal of Business Ethics , 83 : 29 – 40 .
  • Luo , Y. and Peng , M. 1999 . Learning to Compete in a Transition Economy: Experience, Environment, and Performance . Journal of International Business Studies , 30 : 269 – 95 .
  • Makela , K. 2007 . Knowledge Sharing Through Expatriate Relationships: A Social Capital Perspective . International Studies of Management and Organisation , 37 : 108 – 125 .
  • Martinez , J.I. and Jarillo , J.C. 1991 . Coordination Demands of International Strategies . Journal of International Business Studies , 22 : 429 – 444 .
  • Mayrhofer , W. and Brewster , C. 1996 . Ethnocentric Staffing Policies in European Multinationals, International Executive . 38 : 749 – 778 .
  • Mayrhofer , W. , Meyer , M. , Steyer , J. and Langer , K. 2007 . Can Expatriation Research Learn Form Other Disciplines? The Case of International Career Habitus . International Studies of Management and Organization , 37 ( 3 ) : 89 – 107 .
  • Maznevski , M. , Canney Davison , S. and Jonsen , K. 2006 . “ Global Virtual Team Dynamics and Effectiveness ” . In Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management , Edited by: Stahl , G.K. and Bjorkman , I. 364 – 384 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
  • McNulty , Y. 2008 . How a Major Multinational is Working to Overcome the Barriers to Improved Expatriate ROI . Global Business and Organizational Excellence , : 38 – 47 . March/April
  • McNulty , Y. and Tharenou , P. 2004 . Expatriate Return on Investment . International Studies of Management and Organization , 34 : 68 – 95 .
  • Mendenhall , M.E. , Dunbar , E. and Oddou , G. 1987 . Expatriate Selection, Training and Career Pathing: A Review and Critique . Human Resource Management , 26 : 331 – 345 .
  • Mendenhall , M. and Oddou , G. 1985 . The Dimensions of Expatriate Acculturation . Academy of Management Review , 10 : 39 – 47 .
  • Minbaeva , D.N. and Michailova , S. 2004 . Knowledge Transfer and Expatriation in Multinational Corporations: The Role of Disseminative Capacity . Employee Relations , 26 : 663 – 680 .
  • Moore , K. and Lewis , D. 1999 . Birth of the Multinational , Copenhagen : Copenhagen Business Press .
  • Morgan , G. and Kristensen , P.H. 2006 . The Contested Space of Multinationals: Varieties of Institutionalism, Varieties of Capitalism . Human Relations , 59 : 1467 – 1490 .
  • Morley , M.J. , Heraty , N. and Collings , D.G. 2006 . “ Introduction ” . In International Human Resource Management and International Assignments , Edited by: Morley , M.J. , Heraty , N. and Collings , D.G. 1 – 17 . Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Nahapiet , J. and Goshal , S. 1998 . Social Capital, Intellectual Capital and the Organizational Advantage . Academy of Management Review , 23 : 242 – 266 .
  • Ondrack , D. 1985 . International Human Resource Management in European and North American Firms . International Studies of Management and Organization , 15 : 6 – 32 .
  • Paik , Y. and Sohn , J.D. 2004 . Expatriate Managers and MNC's Ability to Control International Subsidiaries: The Case of Japanese MNCs . Journal of World Business , 39 : 61 – 71 .
  • Perlmutter , H.V. 1969 . The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation . Columbia Journal of World Business , 4 : 9 – 18 .
  • Peterson , R.B. 2003 . The Use of Expatriates and Inpatriates in Central and Eastern Europe sine the Wall Came Down . Journal of World Business , 38 : 55 – 69 .
  • PricewaterhouseCoopers (2005), International Assignments: Global Policy and Practice, Key Trends 2005, PricewaterhouseCoopers
  • Punnett , B.J. , Crocker , O. and Stevens , M.A. 1992 . The Challenge for Women Expatriates and Spouses: Some Empirical Evidence . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 3 : 585 – 592 .
  • Reiche , B.S. 2006 . The Inpatriate Experience in Multinational Corporations: An Exploratory Case Study in Germany . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 17 : 1572 – 1590 .
  • Rosenzweig , P.M. and Nohria , N. 1994 . Influences on Human Resource Management Practices in Multinational Corporations . Journal of International Business Studies , 25 : 229 – 251 .
  • Schuler , R.S. , Budhwar , P.S. and Florkowski , G.W. 2002 . International Human Resource Management: Review and Critique . International Journal of Management Reviews , 4 : 41 – 70 .
  • Schuler , R.S. , Dowling , P.J. and De Cieri , H. 1993 . An Integrative Framework of Strategic International Human Resource Management . Journal of Management , 19 : 419 – 459 .
  • Schuler , R.S. , Fulkerson , J.R. and Dowling , P.J. 1991 . Strategic Performance Measurement and Management in Multinational Corporations . Human Resource Management , 30 : 365 – 392 .
  • Schuler , R.S. , Jackson , S.E. and Luo , Y. 2004 . Managing Human Resources in Cross-Border Alliances , London : Routledge .
  • Schuler , R.S. and Tarique , I. 2007 . International Human Resource Management: A North American Perspective, a Thematic Update and Suggestions for Future Research . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 18 : 717 – 744 .
  • Scullion , H. 1991 . Why Companies Prefer to use Expatriates . Personnel Management , 23 : 32 – 35 .
  • Scullion , H. 1992 . Strategic Recruitment and Development of the International Manager: Some European Considerations . Human Resource Management Journal , 3 : 57 – 69 .
  • Scullion , H. 1994 . Staffing Policies and Strategic Control in Multinationals . International Studies of Management and Organization , 3 ( 4 ) : 86 – 104 .
  • Scullion , H. 1995 . “ International Human Resource Management ” . In Human Resource Management: A Critical Text , Edited by: Storey , J. 352 – 382 . London : Routledge .
  • Scullion , H. and Brewster , C. 2001 . Managing Expatriates: Messages from Europe . Journal of World Business , 36 : 346 – 365 .
  • Scullion , H. and Collings , D.G. 2006 . Global Staffing , London : Routledge .
  • Scullion , H. , Collings , D.G. and Gunnigle , P. 2007 . International HRM in the 21st Century: Emerging Themes and Contemporary Debates . Human Resource Management Journal , 17 : 309 – 319 .
  • Scullion , H. , Collings , D.G. and Caliguiri , P. 2009 . Global Talent Management . Journal of World Business ,
  • Scullion , H. and Paauwe , J. 2004 . “ International Human Resource Management: Recent Developments in Theory and Empirical Research ” . In International Human Resource Management , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Harzing , A.W. and Van Ruysseveldt , J. 65 – 88 . London : Sage .
  • Scullion , H. and Starkey , K. 2000 . In Search of the Changing Role of the Corporate Human Resource Function in the International Firm . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 11 : 1061 – 1081 .
  • Selmer , J. 1987 . Swedish Managers’ Perceptions of Singaporean Work-related Values . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 5 : 80 – 88 .
  • Shay , J.P. and Baack , S.A. 2004 . Expatriate Assignment, Adjustment and Effectiveness: An Empirical Examination of the Big Picture . Journal of International Business Studies , 35 : 216 – 232 .
  • Shen , J. 2006 . Factors Affecting International Staffing in Chinese Multinationals . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 17 : 295 – 315 .
  • Smale , A. 2008 . Foreign Subsidiary Perspectives on the Mechanisms of Global HRM Integration . Human Resource Management Journal , 18 : 135 – 153 .
  • Sparrow , P. 2007 . Globalization of HR at Function Level: Four UK–based Case Studies of the International Recruitment and Selection Process . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 18 : 845 – 867 .
  • Sparrow , P.C. , Brewster , C. and Harris , H. 2004 . Globalizing Human Resource Management , London : Routledge .
  • Stahl , G.K. and Chua , C.H. 2006 . “ Global Assignments and Boundaryless Careers: What Drives and Frustrates International Assignees? ” . In International Human Resource Management and International Assignments , Edited by: Morley , M.J. , Heraty , N. and Collings , D.G. 135 – 152 . Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Stahl , G.K. , Miller , E. and Tung , R. 2002 . Towards the Boundaryless Career: A Closer Look at the Expatriate Career Concept and the Perceived Implications of an International Assignment . Journal of World Business , 37 : 216 – 227 .
  • Stahl , G.K. , Bjorkman , I. , Farndale , E. , Morris , S.S. , Stiles , P. , Trevor , J. and Wright , P.M. 2007 . Global Talent Management: How Leading Multinationals Build and Sustain Their Talent Pipeline . Faculty & Research Working Paper, Fontainebleau, France, INSEAD
  • Suutairi , V. and Brewster , C. 2000 . Making Their Own Way: International Experience Through Self-initiated Foreign Assignments . Journal of World Business , 35 : 417 – 436 .
  • Suutari , V. and Brewster , C. 2001 . Expatriate Management Practices and Perceived Relevance; Evidence from Finnish Expatriates . Personnel Review , 30 : 554 – 577 .
  • Tahvanainen , M. , Welch , D. and Worm , V. 2005 . Implications of Short-term International Assignments . European Management Journal , 23 : 663 – 673 .
  • Tan , D. and Mahoney , J. 2003 . Explaining the Utilization of Managerial Expatriates from the Perspectives of Resource-based, Agency, and Transaction Costs Theories . Advances in International Management , 15 : 179 – 205 .
  • Tarique , I. , Schuler , R. and Gong , Y. 2006 . A Model of Multinational Enterprise Subsidiary Staffing Composition . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 17 : 207 – 224 .
  • Taylor , S. 2006 . “ Emerging Motivations for Global HRM Integration ” . In Multinationals, Institutions and the Construction of Transnational Practices , Edited by: Ferner , A. , Quintanilla , J. and Sanchez-Runde , C. 109 – 130 . Basingstoke : Palgrave .
  • Taylor , S. 2007 . Creating Social Capital in MNCs: The International Human Resource Management Challenge . Human Resource Management Journal , 17 : 336 – 354 .
  • Taylor , S. , Beechler , S. and Napier , N. 1996 . Toward an Integrative Model of Strategic International Human Resource Management . Academy of Management Review , 21 : 959 – 985 .
  • Thomas , D.C. and Lazarova , M.B. 2006 . “ Expatriate Adjustment and Performance: A Critical Review ” . In Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management , Edited by: Stahl , G.K. and Björkman , I. 247 – 264 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
  • Thomas , D.C. , Lazorova , M.B. and Inkson , K. 2005 . Global Careers: New Phenomenon or New Perspectives . Journal of World Business , 40 : 340 – 347 .
  • Torbiorn , I. 1982 . Living Abroad: Personal Adjustment and Personnel Policy in an Overseas Setting , Chichester : Wiley .
  • Torbiorn , I. 1985 . The Structure of Managerial roles in Cross-cultural Settings . International Studies of Management and Organization , 15 ( 1 ) : 52 – 47 .
  • Torbiorn , I. 2005 . “ Staffing Polices and Practices in European MNCs: Strategic Sophistication, Culture-bound Policies or ad hoc Reactivity ” . In International Human Resource Management: A Critical Text , Edited by: Scullion , H. and Linehan , M. 47 – 68 . Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Townsend , A. , De Marie , S. and Hendrickson , A. 1998 . Virtual Teams: Technology and the Workplace of the Future . Academy of Management Executive , 12 ( 3 ) : 17 – 29 .
  • Tsai , W. and Ghoshal , S. 1998 . Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role of Intrafirm Networks . Academy of Management Journal , 41 : 464 – 476 .
  • Tung , R.L. 1981 . Selection and Training of Personnel for Overseas Assignments . Colombia Journal of World Business , 16 : 68 – 78 .
  • Tung , R.L. 1982 . Selection and Training Procedures of US, European and Japanese Multinationals . California Management Review , 25 : 57 – 71 .
  • Tung , R. 1984 . Human Resource Planning in Japanese Multinationals: A model for US firms? . Journal of International Business Studies , 15 : 139 – 149 .
  • Tung , R. 1987 . Expatriate Assignments Maximizing Success and Minimizing Failure . Academy of Management Executive , 1 : 117 – 126 .
  • Tung , R. 1988 . The New Expatriates: Managing Human Resource Abroad , Cambridge, MA : Ballinger .
  • Tung , R.L. 1998 . American Expatriates Abroad: From Neophytes to Cosmopolitons . Journal of World Business , 33 : 125 – 144 .
  • Tung , R.L. and Lazarova , M. 2006 . Brain Drain versus Brain Gain: An Exploratory Study of ex-Host Country Nationals in Central and East Europe . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 17 : 1853 – 1872 .
  • Van de Ven , A.H. 2004 . The Context-specific Nature of Competence and Corporate Development . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 21 : 123 – 147 .
  • Welch , D.E. , Welch , L. and Worm , L. 2007 . The International Business Traveller: a Neglected but Strategic Human Resource . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 18 : 173 – 183 .
  • Welch , D. , Worm , V. and Fenwick , M. 2003 . Are Virtual Assignments Feasible? . Management International Review , 43 : 95 – 114 .
  • Yli-Renko , H. , Autio , E. and Sapienza , H.J. 2001 . Social Capital, Knowledge Acquisition, and Knowledge Exploitation in Young Technology-based Firms . Strategic Management Journal , 22 ( 6/7 ) : 587 – 613 .
  • Zahra , S.A. and Nielson , A.P. 2002 . Sources of Capabilities, Integration and Technology Commercialization . Strategic Management Journal , 23 ( 5 ) : 377 – 398 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.