Effects of inter- and intra-hierarchy wage dispersions on firm performance in Chinese enterprises

References

• Adams , S.J. 1963 . Toward an Understanding of Inequity . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 75 : 422 – 436 .
   Google Scholar
• Agell , J. and Lundborg , P. 1995 . Theories of Pay and Unemployment: Survey Evidence from Swedish Manufacturing Firms . Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 92 : 295 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Akerlof , G.A. and Yellen , J.L. 1990 . The Fair Wage-effort Hypothesis and Unemployment . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 105 : 255 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos , M. and Cohen , J. 2003 . Centralised Wage Bargaining and Structural Change in Sweden . European Review of Economic History , 7 ( 3 ) : 331 – 364 .
   Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos , M. and Cohen , J. 2004 . What's Wrong with Forced Wage Compression? The Fair Wage Hypothesis Redux . Economics Letters , 83 ( 3 ) : 391 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard , M. and Shenkar , O. 1997 . The Return of “The Red Eye Disease”: Wage Inequality in the People's Republic of China . The Social Science Journal , 34 ( 1 ) : 57 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaumont , P.B. and Harris , R.I.D. 2003 . Internal Wage Structures and Organizational Performance . British Journal of Industrial Relations , 41 ( 1 ) : 53 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belfield , R. and Marsden , D. 2003 . Performance Pay, Monitoring Environments, and Establishment Performance . International Journal of Manpower , 24 ( 4 ) : 452 – 473 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bewley , T.F. 1999 . Why Wages Don't Fall During a Recession , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bi, X. (2009), ‘Legislation Drafted to Put Ceiling on Executive Salaries,’ China Daily (US Edition), 2 March
   Google Scholar
• Bloom , M. 1999 . The Performance Effects of Pay Dispersion on Individuals and Organizations . Academy of Management Journal , 42 ( 1 ) : 25 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockner , J. and Wiesenfeld , B.M. 1996 . An Interactive Framework for Explaining Reactions to Decisions: Interactive Effects of Outcomes and Procedures . Psychological Bulletin , 120 : 189 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvo , G. and Wellisz , S. 1979 . Hierarchy, Ability, and Income Distribution . Journal of Political Economy , 87 : 991 – 1010 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , C.M. III and Kamlani , K.S. 1997 . The Reasons for Wage Rigidity: Evidence from a Survey of Firms . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 112 : 759 – 789 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles , M.G. 2001 . Equilibrium Wage Dispersion, Firm Size, and Growth . Review of Economic Dynamics , 4 ( 1 ) : 159 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowherd , D.M. and Levine , D.I. 1992 . Product Quality and Pay Equity between Lower-Level Employees and Top Management: An Investigation of Distributive Justice Theory . Administrative Science Quarterly , 37 ( 2 ) : 302 – 320 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dess , G.G. and Robinson , R.B. 1984 . Measuring Organizational Performance in the Absence of Objective Measures: The Case of Privately Held Firms and Conglomerate Business Units . Strategic Management Journal , 5 : 263 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , D.Z. and Warner , M. 2001 . China's Labor-management System Reforms: Breaking the “Three Old Irons” (1978–1999) . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 18 : 315 – 334 .
   Google Scholar
• Ding , D.Z. , Akhtar , S. and Ge , L.G. 2006 . Organizational Differences in Managerial Compensation and Benefits in Chinese Firms . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 17 ( 4 ) : 693 – 715 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folger , R. 1993 . “ Reactions to Mistreatment at Work ” . In Social Psychology in Organizations: Advances in Theory and Research , Edited by: Murnighan , J.K. 161 – 183 . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Frick , B. , Prinz , J. and Winkelmann , K. 2003 . Pay Inequalities and Team Performance: Empirical Evidence from the North American Major Leagues . International Journal of Manpower , 24 ( 4 ) : 472 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L.R. and Balkin , B.D. 1989 . Effectiveness of Individual and Aggregated Compensation Strategies . Industrial Relations , 28 : 431 – 445 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L.R. and Balkin , B.D. 1992 . Compensation, Organizational Strategy, and Firm Performance , Cincinnati, OH : Southwestern .
   Google Scholar
• Harder , J.W. 1992 . Play for Pay: Effects of Inequity in a Pay-for-performance Context . Administrative Science Quarterly , 37 ( 2 ) : 321 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbs , D.A.J. and Locking , H. 2000 . Wage Dispersion and Productive Efficiency: Evidence for Sweden . Journal of Labor Economics , 18 : 755 – 782 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , C.W. , Hitt , M.A. and Hoskisson , R.E. 1992 . Cooperative versus Competitive Structures in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms . Organization Science , 3 : 501 – 521 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korzec , M. 1992 . Labour and the Failure of Reform in China , London: Macmillan and New York : St. Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kubo , K. 2005 . Executive Compensation Policy and Company Performance in Japan . Corporate Governance , 13 ( 3 ) : 429 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lallemand , T. , Plasman , R. and Rycx , F. 2004 . Intra-firm Wage Dispersion and Firm Performance: Evidence from Linked Employer–Employee Data . Kyklos , 57 ( 4 ) : 533 – 559 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazear , E.P. and Rosen , S. 1981 . Rank-order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts . Journal of Political Economy , 89 : 841 – 864 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazear , E.P. 1995 . Personnel Economics , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lu, Y. (2004), ‘The Drastic Change of Wage Distance between Managers and Workers in POEs (Shangshigongsi Gaoguang Yu Yuangong Xinchou Chaju Shouru Minxian Gaibian),’ International Finance Daily (Guoji Jinrong Bao) (in Chinese), 25 June
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J. 1981 . “ Relative Deprivation: A Theory of Distributive Injustice for an Era of Shrinking Resources ” . In Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews , Edited by: Cummings , L.L. and Staw , B.M. 3 Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , J. and Langton , N. 1993 . The Effect of Wage Dispersion on Satisfaction, Productivity, and Working Collaboratively: Evidence from College and University Faculty . Administrative Science Quarterly , 38 : 382 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaswamy , R. and Rowthorn , R.E. 1991 . Efficiency Wages and Wage Dispersion . Economica , 58 : 501 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , J.D. , Gupta , N. and Delery , J.E. 2002 . Pay Dispersion and Workforce Performance: Moderating Effects of Incentives and Interdependence . Strategic Management Journal , 23 ( 6 ) : 491 – 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , P.A. and Hambrick , D.C. 2005 . Pay Disparities within Top Management Groups: Evidence of Harmful Effects on Performance of High-technology Firms . Organizational Science , 16 ( 3 ) : 259 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternstein , M. 1994 . Statistics , New York : Barrons Educational Series Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Tsou , M.W. and Liu , J.T. 2005 . Wage Dispersion and Employment Turnover in Taiwan . Economics Letters , 88 ( 3 ) : 408 – 414 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y.J. and Xue , H.X. The Path-dependence and the SOEs Executive Compensation Incentive in China . proceedings of 2004 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, 18–21 October, Singapore
   Google Scholar
• Warner , M. 1996 . Economic Reforms, Industrial Relations and Human Resources in the People's Republic of China: An Overview . Industrial Relations Journal , 27 : 195 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Warner , M. 2003 . China's HRM revisited: A Step-wise Path to Convergence? . Asia Pacific Business Review , 9 ( 4 ) : 15 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Warner , M. 2008 . Reassessing Human Resource Management “with Chinese Characteristics”: An Overview . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 19 ( 5 ) : 771 – 801 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei , C. , Yang , S. and Xi , L. 2006 . Incentive Approaches for Managers in Chinese SOEs/ Guoyouqiye Jingyinzhe De Jili Fangshi . Journal of Henan University , 46 ( 2 ) : 17 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Xiao , Y. 2004 . Several Issues of Chinese Income Distribution . Journal of Zhongnan University of Finance and Economics , 3 : 11 – 19 . (In Chinese),
   Google Scholar
• Yao , S. 1999 . Economic Growth, Income Inequality and Poverty in China under Economic Reforms . The Journal of Development Studies , 35 ( 6 ) : 104 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenger , T. 1992 . Why Do Employers Only Reward Extreme Performance? Examining the Relationships among Performance, Pay, and Turnover . Administrative Science Quarterly , 37 : 198 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , J. and Huang , D. 2006 . Risk and Performance Pay Sensitivity in Managerial Compensation: Evidence from Listed Companies in China . Accounting Research , 4 : 44 – 50 . (in Chinese),
   Google Scholar