Organizational citizenship behaviour: a study of young executives in Canada, Iran, and Turkey

References

• Alderfer , C.P. 1972 . Existence, Relatedness, and Growth: Human Needs in Organizational Settings , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ashkanasy , N.M. , Trevor-Roberts , E. and Earnshaw , L. 2002 . The Anglo-cluster: Legacy of the British Empire . Journal of World Business , 37 : 28 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aycan , Z. , Eskin , M. and Yavuz , S. 2007 . Hayat Dengesi: İş, Aile ve Özel Hayatı Dengeleme Sanatı , (Life Balance: The Art of Balancing Work, Family and Private Life) İstanbul : Sistem Yayıncılık .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1986 . Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Bateman , T.S. and Organ , D.W. 1983 . Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship Between Affect and Employee “Citizenship” . Academy of Management Journal , 26 : 587 – 595 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg , I. 1990 . Multiple Facetisations of Work Values . Applied Psychology: An International Review , 39 : 401 – 412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borman , W.C. and Motowidlo , S.J. 1993 . “ Expanding the Criterion Domain to Include Elements of Contextual Performance ” . In Personnel Selection in Organizations , Edited by: Schmitt , N. and Borman , W.C. 71 – 98 . San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Brief , A.P. and Motowidlo , S.J. 1986 . Prosocial Organizational Behaviors . Academy of Management Review , 10 : 710 – 725 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , R, . 1985 . Social Psychology , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , S.P. 1996 . A Meta-Analysis and Review of Organizational Research on Job Involvement . Psychological Bulletin , 120 : 235 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameau , D.J. and Griffith , R.L. 2005 . Structural Interdependence, Personality, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior . Personnel Review , 34 : 310 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clary , E.G. , Snyder , M. and Stukas , A.A. 1996 . Volunteers' Motivations: Findings from a National Survey . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 25 : 485 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clugston , M. , Howell , J.P. and Dorfman , P.W. 2000 . Does Cultural Socialization Predict Multiple Bases and Foci of Commitment? . Journal of Management , 26 : 5 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , A. and Keren , D. 2008 . Individual Values and Social Exchange Variables . Group and Organization Management , 33 : 425 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dastmalchian , A. , Javidan , M. and Alam , K. 2001 . Effective Culture and Leadership in Iran: An Empirical Study . Applied Psychology: An International Review , 50 : 532 – 558 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dastmalchian , A. and Kabasakal , H. , eds. 2001 . “ Leadership and Culture in the Middle East: Norms, Practices and Effective Leadership in Iran, Kuwait, Turkey and Qatar ” . In Special Issue, Applied Psychology: An International Review (Vol. 50) , 479 – 595 .
   Google Scholar
• Dorfman , P.W. and Howell , J.P. 1988 . Dimensions of National Culture and Effective Leadership Patterns: Hofstede Revisited . Advances in International Comparative Management , 3 : 127 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Dubin , R. 1956 . Industrial Workers' Worlds: A Study of the ‘Central Life Interests’ of Industrial Workers . Social Problems , 3 : 131 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elizur , D. 1984 . Facets of Work Values: A Structural Analysis of Work Outcomes . Journal of Applied Psychology , 69 : 379 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elizur , D. , Borg , I. , Hunt , R. and Beck , I.M. 1991 . The Structure of Work Values: A Cross-cultural Comparison . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 12 : 21 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elizur , D. and Sagie , A. 1999 . Facets of Personal Values: A Structural Analysis of Life and Work Values . Applied Psychology: An International Review , 48 : 73 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erez , M. 1997 . “ A Culture-Based Model of Work Motivation ” . In New Perspectives on International Industrial/Organizational Psychology , Edited by: Earley , C.P. and Erez , M. 193 – 242 . San Francisco, CA : The New Lexington Press .
   Google Scholar
• Erez , M. and Earley , P.C. 1993 . Culture, Self-identity, and Work , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Frone , M.R. , Russell , M. and Cooper , M.L. 1992 . Prevalence of Work-Family Conflict: Are Work and Family Boundaries Asymmetrically Permeable? . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 13 : 723 – 729 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George , J.M. 1991 . State or Trait: Effects of Positive Mood on Prosocial Behaviors at Work . Journal of Applied Psychology , 76 : 299 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George , J.M. and Brief , A.P. 1992 . Feeling Good-Doing Good: A Conceptual Analysis of the Mood at Work–Organizational Spontaneity Relationship . Psychological Bulletin , 112 : 310 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , V. , Surie , G. , Javidan , M. and Chhokar , J. 2002 . Southern Asia Cluster: Where the Old Meets the New? . Journal of World Business , 37 ( 1 ) : 16 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattrup , K. , Ghorpade , J. and Lackritz , J.R. 2007 . Work Group Collectivism and the Centrality of Work . Cross-Cultural Research , 41 ( 3 ) : 236 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschfeld , R.R. and Field , H.S. 2000 . Work Centrality and Work Alienation: Distinct Aspects of a General Commitment to Work . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 21 : 789 – 800 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman , B.J. , Blair , C.A. , Meriac , J.P. and Woehr , D.J. 2007 . Expanding the Criterion Domain? A Quantitative Review of OCB Literature . Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 : 555 – 566 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 1980 . Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Hyde , R.E. and Weathington , B.L. 2006 . The Congruence of Personal Life Values and Work Attitudes . Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs , 132 : 151 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javidan , M. and Dastmalchian , A. 2003 . Leadership and Culture in Iran: The Land of Individual Achievers, Strong Family Ties, and Powerful Elite . Academy of Management Executive , 17 : 127 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Kabasakal , H. and Bodur , M. 2002 . Arabic Cluster: A Bridge Between East and West . Journal of World Business , 37 : 40 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabasakal , H. and Bodur , M. 2007 . “ Leadership and Culture in Turkey: A Multifaceted Phenomenon ” . In Culture and Leadership Across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies , Edited by: Chhokar , J.S. , Brodbeck , F.C. and House , R.J. 835 – 874 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Kabasakal , H. and Dastmalchian , A. 2001 . Introduction to the Special Issue on Leadership and Culture in the Middle East . Applied Psychology: An International Review , 50 : 479 – 488 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagitcibasi , C. 1997 . “ Individualism and Collectivism ” . In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology , Edited by: Berry , J.W. , Segall , M.H. and Kagitcibasi , C. 1 – 50 . Needham Heights, MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Kanfer , R. and Ackerman , P.L. 1989 . Motivation and Cognitive Abilities: An Integrative/Aptitude-Treatment Interaction Approach to Skill Acquisition . Journal of Applied Psychology , 74 : 657 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanungo , R.N. 1982a . Measurement of Job and Work Involvement . Journal of Applied Psychology , 67 : 341 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanungo , R.N. 1982b . Work Alienation: An Integrative Approach , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Konovsky , M.A. and Organ , D.W. 1996 . Dispositional and Contextual Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 17 : 253 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawler , E.E. 1987 . “ Pay for Performance: A Motivational Analysis ” . In Incentives, Cooperation and Risk Taking , Edited by: Nalbantian , H.R. 69 – 86 . Totowa, NJ : Rowman and Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• LePine , J.A. , Erez , A. and Johnson , D.E. 2002 . The Nature and Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 : 52 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke , E.A. 1991 . The Motivational Sequence, the Motivation Hub, and the Motivation Core . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 : 288 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie , S.B. , Podsakoff , P.M. and Fetter , R. 1991 . Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Objective Productivity as Determinants of Managerial Evaluations of Salespersons' Performance . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 : 123 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie , S.B. , Podsakoff , P.M. and Fetter , R. 1993 . The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Evaluations of Salesperson Performance . Journal of Marketing , 57 : 70 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meglino , B.M. and Ravlin , E.C. 1998 . Individual Values in Organizations: Concepts, Controversies, and Research . Journal of Management , 24 : 351 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messer , B.A.E. and White , F.A. 2006 . Employees' Mood, Perceptions of Fairness, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior . Journal of Business and Psychology , 21 : 65 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midili, A. (1995), ‘Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior,’ unpublished master's thesis, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
   Google Scholar
• Miller , M.J. , Woehr , D.J. and Hudspeth , N. 2002 . The Meaning and Measurement of Work Ethic: Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Inventory . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 60 : 451 – 489 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motowidlo , S.J. 1984 . Does Job Satisfaction Lead to Consideration and Personal Sensitivity? . Academy of Management Journal , 27 : 910 – 915 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOW (Meaning of Working) International Research Team . 1987 . The Meaning of Working , London : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Organ , D.W. 1988 . Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome , Lexington, MA : Lexington Books .
   Google Scholar
• Organ , D.W. 1990 . The Subtle Significance of Job Satisfaction . Clinical Laboratory Management Review , 4 : 94 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Organ , D.W. and Konovsky , M. 1989 . Cognitive Versus Affective Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior . Journal of Applied Psychology , 74 : 157 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organ , D.W. and Ryan , K. 1995 . A Meta-Analytic Review or Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior . Personnel Psychology , 48 : 776 – 801 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paullay , I.M. , Alliger , G.M. and Stone-Romero , E.F. 1994 . Construct Validation of Two Instruments Designed to Measure Job Involvement and Work Centrality . Journal of Applied Psychology , 79 : 224 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penner , L.A. , Midili , A.R. and Kegelmeyer , J. 1997 . Beyond Job Attitudes: A Personality and Social Psychology Perspective on the Causes of Organizational Citizenship Behavior . Human Performance , 10 : 111 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrewe , P.L. and Hochwarter , W.A. 2001 . Can We Really Have It All? The Attainment of Work and Family Values . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 10 : 29 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff , P.M. , Ahearne , M. and MacKenzie , S.B. 1997 . Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Quantity and Quality of Work Group Performance . Journal of Applied Psychology , 82 : 262 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff , P.M. and MacKenzie , S.B. 1994 . Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Sales Unit Effectiveness . Journal of Marketing Research , 31 : 351 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryor , R.G.L. 1987 . Differences Among Differences – in Search of General Work Preference Dimensions . Journal of Applied Psychology , 72 : 426 – 433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokeach , M. 1973 . The Nature of Human Values , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rokeach , M. and Rokeach , S.J.B. 1989 . Stability and Change in American Value Priorities, 1968–1981 . American Psychologist , 44 : 775 – 784 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ros , M. , Schwartz , S.H. and Surkiss , S. 1999 . Basic Individual Values, Work Values, and the Meaning of Work . Applied Psychology: An International Review , 48 : 49 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenhan , D.L. , Salovey , P. and Hargis , K. 1981 . The Joys of Helping: Focus of Attention Mediates the Impact of Positive Affect on Altruism . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 40 : 899 – 905 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , S.H. 1992 . “ Universals in the Structure and Content of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries ” . In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , Edited by: Zanna , M.P. (Vol. 25) , 1 – 65 . Orlando, FL : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , S.H. 1994 . Are There Universal Aspects in the Structure and Contents of Human Values? . Journal of Social Issues , 50 : 19 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singelis , T.M. , Triandis , H.C. , Bhawuk , D.S. and Gelfand , M. 1995 . Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism: A Theoretical and Measurement Refinement . Cross-Cultural Research , 29 : 240 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , P.B. and Schwartz , S.H. 1997 . “ Values ” . In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology , Edited by: Berry , J.W. , Segall , M.H. and Kagitcibasi , C. 77 – 118 . Needham Heights, MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Staw , B.M. 1984 . Organizational Behavior: A Review and Reformulation of the Field's Outcome Variables . Annual Review of Psychology , 35 : 627 – 666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellegen , A. 1985 . “ Structures of Mood and Personality and Their Relevance to Assessing Anxiety, with an Emphasis on Self-report ” . In Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders , Edited by: Turna , A.H. and Maser , J.D. 681 – 706 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Thibaut , J. and Kelley , H. 1959 . The Social Psychology of Groups , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Toegel , G. , Anand , N. and Kilduff , M. 2007 . Emotion Helpers: The Role of High Positive Affectivity and High Self-Monitoring Managers . Personnel Psychology , 60 : 337 – 365 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis , H. 1994 . “ Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Collectivism and Individualism ” . In Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method and Applications , Edited by: Kim , U. , Triandis , H.C. , Kagitcibasi , C. , Choi , S.-C. and Yoon , G. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Triandis , H.C. 1995 . Individualism and Collectivism , Boulder, CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Triandis , H.C. , Leung , K. , Villareal , M. and Clark , F.L. 1985 . Allocentric Versus Idiocentric Tendencies: Convergent and Discriminant Validation . Journal of Research in Personality , 19 : 395 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai , W.C. , Chen , C.C. and Liu , H.L. 2007 . Test of a Model Linking Employee Positive Moods and Task Performance . Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 : 1570 – 1583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vroom , V.H. 1964 . Work and Motivation , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , D. , Clark , L.A. and Tellegen , A. 1988 . Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The Panas Scales . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 1063 – 1070 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , M. (T. Parsons, trans.) . 1930 . The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism , New York : Scribner .
   Google Scholar
• Weiss , D.J. , Dawis , R.V. , England , G.W. and Lofquist , L.H. 1967 . Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire , Minnesota, MN : Industrial Relations Centre, University of Minnesota .
   Google Scholar