References
- Adler, P. S., & Borys, B. (1996). Two types of bureaucracy: Enabling and coercive. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2393986
- Angrave, D., Charlwood, A., Kirkpatrick, I., Lawrence, M., & Stuart, M. (2016). HR and analytics: Why HR is set to fail the big data challenge. Human Resource Management Journal, 26(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12090
- Angrist, J., Caldwell, S., & Hall, J. V. (2017). Uber versus taxi: A driver’s eye view. NBER working paper #23891. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Azevedo, E. M., & Weyl, E. G. (2016). Economics. Matching markets in the digital age. Science (New York, N.Y.), 352 (6289), 1056–1057. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7781
- Beniger, J. (1989). The control revolution: Technological and economic origins of the information society. Harvard University Press.
- Briscoe, F. (2007). From iron cage to iron shield? How bureaucracy enables temporal flexibility for professional service workers. Organization Science, 18(2), 297–314. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1060.0226
- Calo, R., & Rosenblat, A. (2017). The taking economy: Uber, information, and power. Columbia Law Review, 117, 1623.
- Cappelli, P., & Keller, J. (2013). A study of the extent and potential causes of alternative employment arrangements. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 66(4), 874–901. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391306600406
- Cardinal, L. B., Sitkin, S. B., & Long, C. P. (2004). Balancing and rebalancing in the creation and evolution of organizational control. Organization Science, 15(4), 411–431. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0084
- Cardinal, L. B., Sitkin, S. B., Long, C. P., et al. (2010). A configurational theory of control. In A. Sitkin (Ed.), Organizational control (pp. 51–79). Cambridge University Press.
- Chicago Data Portal. (2020). Transportation network providers – drivers. https://data.cityofchicago.org/.
- Collier, R. B., Dubal, V. B., & Carter, C. (2017). Labor platforms and gig work: the failure to regulate. IRLE Working paper no. 106-17. Berkeley, CA: Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, UC Berkeley.
- Cramer, J., & Krueger, A. B. (2016). Disruptive change in the taxi business: The case of Uber. American Economic Review, 106(5), 177–182. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161002
- Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 627 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
- Deterding, S. (2015). The lens of intrinsic skill atoms: A method for gameful design. Human–Computer Interaction, 30(3-4), 294–335. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2014.993471
- Duggan, J., Sherman, U., Carbery, R., & McDonnell, A. (2020). Algorithmic management and app‐work in the gig economy: A research agenda for employment relations and HRM. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12258
- Edelman, B. G., & Geradin, D. (2015). Efficiencies and regulatory shortcuts: How should we regulate companies like Airbnb and Uber. Stanford Technology Law Review, 19, 293.
- Eidelson, J. (2019, September 3). Uber argues driver names are ‘closely guarded trade secrets. Bloomberg News.
- Farber, H. S. (2015). Why you can’t find a taxi in the rain and other labor supply lessons from cab drivers. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(4), 1975–2026. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv026
- Funder, D. C., & Ozer, D. J. (2019). Evaluating effect size in psychological research: Sense and nonsense. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919847202
- Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
- Gordon, A. (2019). ‘I wonder what they are hiding:' Lyft drivers can no longer see how much riders paid for each trip. https://jalopnik.com/i-wonder-what-they-are-hiding-lyft-drivers-can-no-long-1839224300
- Richard, H. J., & Oldham, G. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
- Harris, B. (2017). Uber, Lyft, and regulating the sharing economy. Seattle University Law Review, 41, 269.
- Jacoby, S. M. (1985). Employing bureaucracy: Managers, unions, and the transformation of work in American industry, 1900-1945. Columbia University Press.
- Jabagi, N., Croteau, A. M., Audebrand, L. K., & Marsan, J. (2019). Gig workers’ motivation: Thinking beyond carrots and sticks. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34(4), 192–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-06-2018-0255
- Kalleberg, A. L. (2009). Precarious work, insecure workers: Employment relations in transition. American Sociological Review, 74(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240907400101
- Kameswaran, V., Cameron, L., & Dillahunt, T. R. (2018, April). Support for social and cultural capital development in real-time ridesharing services. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 342). ACM.
- Kasser, T., Davey, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Motivation, dependability, and employee-supervisor discrepancies in psychiatric vocational rehabilitation settings. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37, 175–187.
- Kirven, A. (2018). Whose gig is it anyway: Technological change, workplace control and supervision, and workers' rights in the gig economy. University of Colorado Law Review, 89, 249.
- Kuhn, K. M., & Maleki, A. (2017). Micro-entrepreneurs, dependent contractors, and instaserfs: Understanding online labor platform workforces. Academy of Management Perspectives, 31(3), 183–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0111
- Lee, M. K., Kusbit, D., Metsky, E., & Dabbish, L. (2015). Working with machines: The impact of algorithmic and data-driven management on human workers [Paper presentation]. In Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1603–1612). ACM.
- Lehdonvirta, V. (2018). Flexibility in the gig economy: Managing time on three online piecework platforms. New Technology, Work and Employment, 33(1), 13–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12102
- Leighton, P. (2016). Professional self-employment, new power and the sharing economy: Some cautionary tales from Uber. Journal of Management & Organization, 22(6), 859–874.
- Long, C. P., Bendersky, C., & Morrill, C. (2011). Fairness monitoring: Linking managerial controls and fairness judgments in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5), 1045–1068. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0008
- Mankiw, G. (2016). Principles of microeconomics. Cengage Learning.
- Marquis, E. B., Kim, S., Alahmad, R., Pierce, C. S., & Robert, L. P., Jr. (2018, October). Impacts of perceived behavior control and emotional labor on gig workers. In Companion of the 2018 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing (pp. 241–244). ACM. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3272973.3274065
- Mayer-Schönberger, V., & Cukier, K. (2013). Big data–A revolution that will transform how we live, think and work. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- McGaughey, E. (2018). Taylorooism: When network technology meets corporate power. Industrial Relations Journal, 49(5-6), 459–472. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/irj.12228
- Meijerink, J., & Keegan, A. (2019). Conceptualizing human resource management in the gig economy: Toward a platform ecosystem perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34 (4), 214–232. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-07-2018-0277
- Möhlmann, M., & Zalmanson, L. (2017, December 10–13). Hands on the wheel: Navigating algorithmic management and Uber drivers' autonomy [Paper presentation]. In Proceedings of the international conference on information systems (ICIS 2017), Seoul, South Korea.
- Mollick, E. R., & Rothbard, N. (2014). Mandatory fun: Consent, gamification and the impact of games at work. The Wharton School Research Paper Series.
- Mollick, E., & Werbach, K. (2015). Gamification and the enterprise. In The Gameful world: Approaches, issues, applications (pp. 439–538). MIT Press.
- Norlander, P. (2019). The growing divergence in US employee relations: Individualism, democracy, and conflict. In P. Manzella, K. Koch ,& E. Elgar (Eds.), International comparative employee relations: The role of culture and language. London, UK: Edward Elgar.
- Norlander, P., & Varma, A. (2019). Performance information. In A. Varma & P. Budhwar (Eds.), Performance management systems: An experiential approach. Sage.
- Opfer, C. (2019). Uber, Lyft being probed in new jersey on misclassifying drivers. Bloomberg Law: Daily Labor Report. October 17, 2019.
- Paul, S. (2019). Fissuring and the Firm Exemption. Law and Contemporary Problems, 82(2), 65–87.
- Ranganathan, A., & Benson, A. (2020). A numbers game: Quantification of work, accidental gamification, and worker productivity. American Sociological Review, 85 (4), 573–609. 10.1177/0003122420936665 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122420936665
- Rosenblat, A., & Hwang, T. (2016). Regional diversity in autonomy and work: A case study from Uber and Lyft drivers. Intelligence and Autonomy, 1–15.
- Rosenblat, A., & Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic labor and information asymmetries: A case study of Uber's drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758–3784.
- Rosenblat, A. (2018). Uberland: How algorithms are rewriting the rules of work. University of California Press.
- Scheiber, N. (2017, April 2). How Uber uses psychological tricks to push its drivers' buttons. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/04/02/technology/uber-drivers-psychological-tricks.html
- Shapiro, A. (2018). Between autonomy and control: Strategies of arbitrage in the “on-demand” economy. New Media & Society, 20(8), 2954–2971.
- Sherer, P. D., Rogovsky, N., & Wright, N. (1998). What drives employment relationships in taxicab organizations? Linking agency to firm capabilities and strategic opportunities. Organization Science, 9(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.9.1.34
- Sitkin, S. B., Cardinal, L. B., and Bijlsma-Frankema, K. M. (Eds.). (2010). Organizational control. Cambridge University Press.
- Spreitzer, G. M., Cameron, L., & Garrett, L. (2017). Alternative work arrangements: Two images of the new world of work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 473–499. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113332
- Tremblay, M. A., Blanchard, C. M., Taylor, S., Pelletier, L. G., & Villeneuve, M. (2009). Work extrinsic and intrinsic motivation scale: Its value for organizational psychology research. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences du Comportement, 41(4), 213–226. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015167
- Uber. (2020). Introducing Uber-Pro. https://www.uber.com/us/en/drive/uber-pro/
- Veen, A., Barratt, T., & Goods, C. (2020). Platform-capital’s ‘app-etite’for control: A labour process analysis of food-delivery work in Australia. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 388-406. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0950017019836911
- Wang, C. H., & Varma, A. (2020). Supervisor subordinate relationships. In A. Varma & P. Budhwar (Eds.), Performance management systems: An experiential approach. Sage.
- Weil, D. (2014). The fissured workplace. Harvard University Press.
- Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good gig, bad gig: Autonomy and algorithmic control in the global gig economy. Work, Employment & Society, 33(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018785616
- Zuboff, S. (2015). Big other: Surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilization. Journal of Information Technology, 30(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.5
- Zucker, L. G. (1987). Institutional theories of organization. Annual Review of Sociology, 13(1), 443–464. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.13.080187.002303
- Zweig, D., & Webster, J. (2003). Personality as a moderator of monitoring acceptance. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(4), 479–493. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00075-4