References
- Abdel Magied , L. 2000 . “ Women and decision making in Egyptian media ” . In In: Bahithat , (Yearbook of Lebanese Women Researchers) vol. 6 , Beirut : Twafiq Tabaraa Centre .
- Abdel Rahman , A. 2002 . Issues of the Arab region in the press in the 20th century , Cairo : Al Arabi Press [in Arabic] .
- Al-Faisal , Turki . 2006 . Saudi Education in the Global Economy. Address delivered to Town Hall Los Angeles Meeting Vol. 72 , 414 – 416 . Los Angeles, California 13
- Al Jack, S., 2004. The status of Arab media in a BBC conference in Beirut. Al Sharq Al Awsat, 9277, 22 April. Available from: http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section = 24&article = 229874&issueno = 9277 (http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=24&article=229874&issueno=9277) [accessed 20 July 2007]
- Al Jassim , Y.A.H. 2005 . “ The impact of Arab culture on women's programming ” . In The proceeding of the educational symposium for Arab media professionals to discuss women's issues , Bahrain, 21–23 November 2005 Edited by: Al Metwakel , H. 7 – 20 . Cairo : Arab Women Organization .
- Al-Ali , N. 2000 . Secularism, gender and the state in the Middle East. The Egyptian women's movement , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Al-Hayat, 2006. Young men refuse to engage with them because they are free. Algerian young women enter the profession of trouble at the expense of their private lives. Al-Hayat, Youth Supplement, 5 June [in Arabic]
- Al-Medwahi, O., 2004. If the women asking to drive cars were like those participating in the intellectual forum, I would not hesitate to permit it. Al Sharq Al Awsat, 16 June [in Arabic]
- Al-Mesaabi , R.A.A. and al-Shaabi , K. 2000 . “ Women's presence in the Yemeni media ” . In In: Bahithat , (Yearbook of Lebanese Women Researchers) Vol. 6 , Beirut : Twafiq Tabaraa Centre .
- Al-Qadri Eissa, N., 1995. Women between the print press and visual media. The Lebanese case. Al-Mustaqbal al-Arabi, 193, March 1995 [in Arabic]
- Al-Qadri , N. and Harb , S. 2002 . Female and male journalists in the television , Beirut : Arab Cultural Center & Lebanese Women Researchers [in Arabic] .
- Andijanai, N., 2004. Saudi female university graduates in a mission to find jobs: “Had I known my end, I would not have started”. Al Sharq Al Awsat, 18 June [in Arabic]
- Ayish , M. 2011 . Understanding Arab women's role in media industries. An empowerment-based perspective . Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research , 3 ( 3 ) : 191 – 206 .
- Banyard , K. 2010 . The equality illusion: the truth about women and men today , London : Faber and Faber .
- Bier , L. 2004 . Modernity and the other woman: gender and national identity in the Egyptian women's press: 1952–1967 . Gender & History , 16 ( 1 ) : 99 – 112 .
- Cortazzi , M. 1993 . Narrative analysis , London : Falmer Press .
- El Bezri , D. 1996 . The shadow and its double. Muslim women between modernity and tradition , Beirut : Dar el Nahar [in Arabic] .
- Faqir , F. 1997 . Engendering democracy and Islam in the Arab world . Third World Quarterly , 18 ( 1 ) : 165 – 174 .
- Fargues , P. 2003 . Women in Arab counties: challenging the patriarchal system? . Reproductive Health Matters , 13 ( 25 ) : 43 – 48 .
- Gerson , J.M. and Peiss , K. 1985 . Boundaries, negotiation, consciousness: reconceputalizing gender relations . Social Problems , 32 ( 4 ) : 317 – 331 .
- Giddens , A. 1991 . Modernity and self-identity , Cambridge : Polity .
- Gill , R. 2009 . Mediated intimacy and postfeminism: a discourse analytic examination of sex and relationships advice in a women's magazine . Discourse and Communication , 3 : 345 – 369 .
- Gorton , K. 2007 . “ (Un)fashionable feminists: the media and Ally McBeal ” . In Third wave feminism: a critical exploration , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Howie , G. , Gillis , S. and Munford , R. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
- Haddad, V. and Hamawy, I., 2005. Is there is an expiry date for female journalists? Al Sharq Al Awat, 9840, 6 November. Available from: http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section = 37&article = 331951&issueno = 9840 (http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=37&article=331951&issueno=9840) [accessed 11 June 2006] [in Arabic]
- Helal, A.H., 2006. Survey among women Yemeni journalists, 2006. Available from: www.amanjordan.org/a-news [accessed 20 July 2007]
- Joseph , S. 1993 . Connectivity and patriarchy among urban working-class Arab families in Lebanon . Ethos , 21 ( 4 ) : 452 – 484 .
- Joseph, S., 1996. Gender and citizenship in Middle Eastern states. Middle East Report, 198, Gender and Citizenship in the Middle East, Jan–Mar, 4–10
- Khoury , G. 2005 . “ Types of TV program offerings ” . In The proceeding of the educational symposium for Arab media professionals to discuss women's issues , Bahrain, 21–23 November 2005 Edited by: Al Metwakel , H. 41 – 48 . Cairo : Arab Women Organization .
- Lachover , E. 2005 . The gendered and sexualized relationship between Israeli women journalists and their male news sources . Journalism , 6 ( 3 ) : 291 – 311 .
- Mahon , M. 2000 . The visible evidence of cultural producers . Annual Review of Anthropology , 29 : 467 – 492 .
- Masini , E.B. 1994 . The creative role of women in a changing world: the case of women in developing countries . Leonardo , 27 ( 1 ) : 51 – 56 .
- McRobbie , A. 2006 . “ Post-feminism and popular culture ” . In Media and cultural theory , Edited by: Curran , J. and Morley , D. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge .
- Melin-Higgins , M. 2004 . “ Coping with journalism: gendered newsroom culture ” . In Gender and newsroom cultures: identities at work , Edited by: de Bruin , M. and Ross , K. Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press .
- Mellor, N., 2005. Girl power. Financial Times Magazine, 12 November
- Mellor , N. 2011 . Pan-Arab journalists in transnational media , New York : Hampton Press .
- Mellor , N. 2012 . Hearts of steel: female journalists reflecting on their professional ethics . Feminist Media Studies , 12 ( 3 ) September
- Moghadam , V.M. 1999 . Gender, national identity and citizenship: reflections on the Middle East and North Africa . Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East , XIX ( 1 ) : 137 – 156 .
- Plunkett, J., 2011. Countryfile's Miriam O'Reilly wins BBC ageism claim. The Guardian, 11 January. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jan/11/countryfile-miriam-oreilly-tribunal [accessed on 2 July 2012]
- Rinnawi , K. 2006 . Instant nationalism: McArabism and Al-Jazeera: transnational media in the Arab world , Latham, MA : University Press of America .
- Shoemaker , P. and Reese , S.D. 1996 . Mediating the message: theories of influences on mass media content , 2nd ed. , London : Longman .
- Smail Salhi , Z. 2003 . Algerian women, citizenship, and the ‘Family Code’ . Gender and Development , 11 ( 3 ) : 27 – 35 .
- Stowasser , B. 1996 . Women in the Qur'an, traditions, and interpretation , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Tasker , Y. and Negra , D. , eds. 2007 . Interrogating post-feminism , Durham : Duke University Press .
- Van den Wljngaard , R. 1992 . Women as journalists: incompatibility of roles? . Africa Media Review , 6 ( 2 ) : 47 – 56 .
- Van Zoonen , L. 1998a . “ One of the girls? The changing gender of journalism ” . In News, gender and power , Edited by: Carter , C. , Branston , G. and Allan , S. London : Routledge .
- Van Zoonen , L. 1998b . A professional, unreliable, heroic marionette (M/F): structure, agency and subjectivity in contemporary journalisms . European Journal of Cultural Studies , 1 ( 1 ) : 123 – 143 .
- Volz , Y.Z. 2007 . Going public through writing: women journalists and gendered journalistic space in China, 1890s–1920s . Media, Culture & Society , 29 ( 3 ) : 469 – 489 .
- Walter , N. 2010 . Living dolls: the return of sexism , London : Virago Press .
- Williams , C. 1992 . The glass escalator: hidden advantages for men in the “female” professions . Social Problems , 39 ( 3 ) : 253 – 267 .
- Wu , W. and Weaver , D. 1998 . Making Chinese journalists for the next millennium . Gazette , 60 ( 6 ) : 513 – 529 .
- Yuval-Davis , N. 1997 . Gender and nation , London : Sage .