Rethinking the political: Ottoman women as feminist subjects

References

• Abadan-Unat, N. (1981). Social change and Turkish women. In N. A-U (Ed.), Women in Turkish society (pp. 5–31). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Alakom, R. (2001). Kurdish women in Constantinople at the beginning of the twentieth century. In S. M. (Ed.), Women of a non-state nation. The Kurds (pp. 53–70). Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Albayrak, A. (2002). Meşrutiyet İstanbul’unda Kadın ve Sosyal Değişim [ Woman and social change in İstanbul of the Constitutional period]. İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Arat, N. (1998). Cumhuriyet’in 75. Yılında ‘Türkiye’de Kadın’ Tartışmaları [Discussions about ‘Woman in Turkey’ in the 75th year of the Republic]. In N. A. (Ed.), Aydınlanmanın Kadınları [ Women of the Enligtenment] (pp. 21–34). İstanbul: Cumhuriyet Kitapları.
   Google Scholar
• Aşa, E. (1989). 1928’e Kadar Kadın Mecmuaları [ Women's Periodicals until 1928] ( Master’s thesis). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
   Google Scholar
• Baron, B. (1994). The women’s awakening in Egypt: Culture, society, and the press. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Başkaca İhtiyacımız Nedir? (1913, June 6). Kadınlar Dünyası, (No. 51), p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Berktay, F. (1998). Cumhuriyetin 75 Yıllık Serüvenine Kadınlar Açısından Bakmak [Looking into the adventure of the Republic from the perspective of women]. In A. B. (Ed.), 75 Yılda Kadınlar ve Erkekler [ Women and Men in 75 years] (pp. 1–12). İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Berktay, F. (2001). Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Feminizm [Feminism from the Ottoman to the Republic periods]. In M.Ö. B. (Ed.), Cumhuriyet’e Devreden Düşünce Mirası: Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet’in Birikimi [ Intellectual heritage of the Republic: accumulation of the Tanzimat and the Constitutional periods] (pp. 348–361). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Birinci Sene-i Devriyesi Münasebetiyle [On the occasion of the first anniversary]. (1914, April 17). Kadınlar Dünyası II [ Women’s World II] (No. 38), p. 6.
   Google Scholar
• Brummett, P. (1995, November). Dogs, women, cholera, and other menaces in the streets: Cartoon satire in the Ottoman revolutionary press, 1908–1911. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27, 433–460.10.1017/S0020743800062498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummett, P. (2000). Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman revolutionary press, 1908–1911. Albany: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Çakır, S. (1996). Osmanlı Kadın Hareketi [Ottoman Women’s movement]. İstanbul: Metis.
   Google Scholar
• Çakır, S. (1997, June). Kadın Tarihinden İki İsim: Ulviye Mevlan ve Nezihe Muhittin [Two names from the women’s history: Ulviye Mevlan and Nezihe Muhittin]. Toplumsal Tarih [ Social History] (No. 46), pp. 6–14.
   Google Scholar
• Davidoff, L. (1995). Worlds between: Historical perspectives on gender and class. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Davidoff, L. (2013). Gender and the ‘great divide’: Public and private in British gender history. Journal of Women’s History, 15, 11–27.
   Google Scholar
• Demirdirek, A. (1993). Osmanlı Kadınlarının Hayat Hakkı Arayışının Bir Hikayesi [ A story of Ottoman women’s demand for the right to life]. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
   Google Scholar
• Doğramacı, E. (2000). Women in Turkey and the new millennium. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
   Google Scholar
• Ekmekçioğlu, L., & Bilal, M. (Eds.). (2006). Bir Adalet Feryadı. Osmanlı’dan Türkiye’ye Beş Ermeni Feminist Yazar 1862–1933 [A Cry for Justice. Five feminist Armenian Authors from the Ottoman to Turkey 1862–1933]. İstanbul: Aras Yayıncılık.
   Google Scholar
• Emine Semiye. (1899, April 20). Muallime [Female Teacher]. Hanım Kızlara Mahsus Gazete [ Gazette for Young Girls] (No. 58), p. 8.
   Google Scholar
• Emine Semiye. (n.d.). İslamiyette Feminizm in İslamiyette Feminizm Yahut Alem-i Nisvanda Musavaat-ı Tamme [ Feminism in Islam]. (H. Hamid, Ed.). İstanbul: Kiteum Matbaası.
   Google Scholar
• Fatma Aliye Hanım. (2007). Refet [Refet]. (N. Çetin, Transcribed). İstanbul: L & M Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Feldmann, O. (1914, March 14). Kadınların Beynelmilel İçtimaı [Women’s international society]. Kadınlar Dünyası [Women's World] (No. 133), pp. 3–4.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, N. (1993). Rethinking the public sphere. In B. R. (Ed.), The phantom public sphere (pp. 1–32). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frierson, A. (2000). Cheap and easy: The creation of consumer culture in late Ottoman society. In D. Q. (Ed.), Consumption studies and the history of the Ottoman empire, 1550–1922 (pp. 243–260). Albany: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frierson, E. (1996). Unimagined communities: State, press, and gender in the Hamidian era ( Unpublished dissertation), Princeton University, Princeton.
   Google Scholar
• Gerçek, S. N. (1931). Türk Gazeteciliği [Turkish Journalism]. İstanbul: Devlet Matbaası.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. ( T. Burger with the assistance of F. Lawrence, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hamadeh, S. (2008). The city’s pleasures. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hanımlar Alemi. The World of Women. (1914, March 28). Editorial No. 1, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Heffernan, T. (2011). Travelling east veiling, race, and nations. In Z. İ., R. L., & M. R. (Eds.), The poetics and politics of place. Ottoman Istanbul and British orientalism (pp. 157–165). İstanbul: Pera Museum Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hukuk-u Nisvan. Legal Rights of Women. (1913, April 17). Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No. 1), pp. 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• İmzasız İkinci Mektup [Second Unsigned Letter]. (1908, November 4). Demet [Demet] (No. 6), pp. 86–87.
   Google Scholar
• İmzasız Mektup [Unsigned Letter]. (1908, September 24). Demet [Demet] (No. 2), pp. 23–24.
   Google Scholar
• İskit, S. (1939). Türkiye’de Neşriyat Hareketleri Tarihine Bir Bakış [A Look at the history of the movements of publishing history in Turkey]. İstanbul: Devlet Basımevi.
   Google Scholar
• İsmet Hakkı. (1908, September 24). Kadınlarımız ve Maarif [Our women and education]. Demet [Demet] (No. 2), pp. 25–26.
   Google Scholar
• Kale, S. (2004). French salons: High society and political sociability from the old regime to the revolution of 1848. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti, D. (1991). End of empire: Islam, nationalism, and women in Turkey. In D. K. (Ed.), Women, Islam and the State (pp. 22–47). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.10.1007/978-1-349-21178-4
   Google Scholar
• Karakışla, Y. S. (2000, March). Arşivden Bir Belge: Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete’ye İmtiyaz Verilmesi [A Document from the archive: on publishing privileges to Ladies Own Gazette] (1895). Toplumsal Tarih, 13, 41–42.
   Google Scholar
• Keçeçizade İkbal. (1908, September 1). Biz de Adam Olacağız [Shall we ever be decent?]. İkdam [Perseverance] (No. 5125), p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, J. (2001). En-gendering nationalism: The ‘woman question’ in Kurdish nationalist discourse of the late Ottoman period. In S. M. (Ed.), Women of a Non-state nation. The Kurds (pp. 25–51). Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• LaCapra, D. (1983). Rethinking ıntelectual history and reading texts. In D. L. ( Ed.), Rethinking intellectual history: Texts, contexts, language (pp. 23–71). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Landes, J. B. (1988). Women and the public sphere in the age of the French revolution. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, R. (2004). Rethinking orientalism: Women, travel and the Ottoman harem. London: I.B. Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• Makbule Leman. (1895, September 18–October 17). Bir Hikaye: Tashih [A Story: Correction]. Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete [Ladies Own Gazette] (No. 14), pp. 2–4.
   Google Scholar
• McElrone, S. (2005). Nineteenth-century Qajar women in the public sphere: An alternative historical and historiographical reading of the roots of Iranian women’s activism. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 25, 297–317.10.1215/1089201X-25-2-297
   Google Scholar
• Mehasin Çıkmıyor Diye. On why Mehasis is not being published. (1909, July). Mehasin [Mehasin], n.p.
   Google Scholar
• Mehbare Osman. (1913, July 23). Erkeklerimizin Milli Bayramı [National Day of Our Men]. Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No. 98), p. 21.
   Google Scholar
• Mes’adet Bedirhan. (1914, May 1). İslam Kadınlarının Kongresi [The Congress of the Women of Islam]. Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No. 139), pp. 3–4.
   Google Scholar
• Mükerrem Belkıs. (1913, July 11). Millete ve Hükümete Bir Hitabe: Hak İsteriz [An Address to the Nation and the Government: We demand rights]. Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No. 86), p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Mükerrem Belkıs. (1918, March 9). Kadınların Hayata Karışmasının Sebebleri [Reasons of Women's Participation in Life]. Kadınlar Dünyası [Women's World] (No. 164), pp. 3–4.
   Google Scholar
• Nebile Akif. (1913, July 18). Hikmet-i İçtimaiye ve Nisvan [Wisdom of society and women]. Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No. 93), p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Nimet Cemil. (1915, February 6). Kadınlığımız Hakkında Nikbinlik [Optimism about our womenhood]. Kadınlar Dünyası [ Women’s World] (No. 162), pp. 2–3.
   Google Scholar
• Osmanlı Müdafaa-i Hukuk-ı Nisvan Cemiyeti [Ottoman Association for the Defense of Women's Rights]. (1913, June 10). Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No. 55), pp. 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Ozankaya, Ö. (1985). Reflections of Şemseddin Sami on women in the period before the advent of secularism. In T. Erder (Ed.), Family in Turkish society (pp. 127–145). Ankara: Turkish Social Science Association.
   Google Scholar
• Rowe, V. (2000). The “new Armenian woman:” Armenian women’s writing in the Ottoman empire, 1880–1915 (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Toronto, Toronto.
   Google Scholar
• Sacide Cihangir. (1913, October 4). Dünyamız İçin [For our world]. Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No. 110), pp. 6–7.
   Google Scholar
• Salname-i Devlet-i Aliye-i Osmaniye [Yearbook of the Ottoman State]. (1326/1910). İstanbul: Matbaa-i İhsan, 64, 1050–1060.
   Google Scholar
• Tahdîs-i Nimet-Ta’yin-i Meslek [Blessing the God-Choosing a profession]. (1895, August 19). Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete [Ladies Own Gazette] (No. 1), p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Tekeli, Ş. (Ed.). (1995). Women in modern Turkish society. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• 10 Temmuz İyd-i Ekber-i Hürriyettir-1324 [July 10 is the greatest day of freedom-1324]. (1913, July 23). Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No. 98), p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, E. (2003). Public and private in Middle Eastern women’s history. Journal of Women’s History, 15, 52–69.10.1353/jowh.2003.0037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toprak, Z. (1984). Fikir Dergiciliğinin Yüzyılı [A hundred years of magazine of ideas]. In D. İ. (Ed.), Türkiye’de Dergiler ve Ansiklopediler [Magazines and Encyclopedias in Turkey] (pp. 1849–1984). İstanbul: Gelişim Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Toska, Z. (n.d.). Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Osmanlı Kadın Tarihinde İstanbul ve Önde Gelen Kadın Simaları [Istanbul in Ottoman women's history and prominent women portraits from the Tanzimat to the Republic]. Kadın Eserleri Kütüphanesi, 10. (no other bibliographical information given).
   Google Scholar
• Toska, Z., Çakır, S., Gençtürk, T., Yılmaz, S., Kurç, S., Art, G., & Demirdirek, A. (1992). İstanbul Kütüphanelerindeki Eski Harfli Türkçe Kadın Dergileri Bibliyografyası (1869–1927) [A bibliography of Turkish women's magazines in Ottoman Turkish in Istanbul libraries (1869–1927)]. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Ulviye Mevlan. (1913, April 8). Terakkiye Doğru [Towards progress]. Kadınlar Dünyası [Women’s World] (No.5), pp. 2–3.
   Google Scholar
• Varlık, B. (1985). Yerel Basının Öncüsü Vilayet Gazeteleri [Provincial newspapers as precursors of local journalism]. Tanzimattan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye Ansiklopedisi [Encyclopedia of Turkey from the Tanzimat to the Republic], Vol. 1 (pp. 99–102). İletişim Yayınları: İstanbul.
   Google Scholar
• Yaraman, A. (1992). Elinin Hamuruyla Özgürlük: Resmi Tarihten Kadın Tarihine [Freedom with hands in dough: from the official history to women’s history]. İstanbul: Milliyet Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Yıldız,H. (2008). Knowledgeable Ottoman girls: Ottoman women’s education in the nineteenth century. In J. P. (Ed.) Dominant culture and the education of women (pp. 143–155). New Castle: Cambridge Scholars.
   Google Scholar
• Zihnioğlu, Y. (2003). Kadınsız İnkılap: Nezihe Muhiddin, Kadınlar Halk Fırkası, Kadınlar Birliği [Revolution without woman: Nezihe Muhiddin, Women's Party, Women’s Association]. İstanbul: Metis.
   Google Scholar