References
- Adams, C. J. (1990). The sexual politics of meat: A feminist-vegetarian critical theory (20th century ed.). New York, NY: The Continuum Publishing Company.
- Aidan, K., & Ciclitira, K. (2011). Eating and drinking habits of young London-based Irish men: A qualitative study. Journal of Gender Studies, 20, 223–235. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2011.593322
- Anderson, E. (2009). Inclusive masculinity. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Bordo, S. R. (1993). Unbearable weight: Feminism, culture, and the body. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Brady, J., & Ventresca, M. (2014). “Officially a vegan now”: On meat and renaissance masculinity in pro football. Food and Foodways, 22, 300–321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07409710.2014.964605
- Bridges, T. (2013). A very ‘gay’ straight? Hybrid masculinities, sexual aesthetics, and the changing relationship between masculinity and homophobia. Gender & Society, 28, 58–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07409710.2014.964605
- Bridges, T., & Pascoe, C. J. (2014). Hybrid masculinities: New directions in the sociology of men and masculinities. Sociology Compass, 8, 246–258. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12134
- Brumberg, J. J. (1977). The Body project: An intimate history of American girls. New York, NY: Random House.
- Buerkle, C. W. (2009). Metrosexuality can stuff it: Beef consumption as (heteromasculine) fortification. Text and Performance Quarterly, 29, 77–93. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10462930802514370
- Cairns, K., Johnston, J., & Baumann, S. (2010). Caring about food: Doing gender in the foodie kitchen. Gender & Society, 24, 591–615. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243210383419
- Campbell, T. C., & Campbell, T. M. (2006). The China study: Startling implications for diet, weight loss and long-term health. Dallas, TX: BenBella Books.
- Chen, A. (1999). Lives at the center of the periphery, lives at the periphery of the center: Chinese American masculinities and bargaining with hegemony. Gender & Society, 13, 584–607. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/089124399013005002
- Cole, M., & Morgan, K. (2011). Vegaphobia: Derogatory discourses of veganism and the reproduction of speciesism in UK national newspapers. The British Journal of Sociology, 62, 134–153. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2010.01348.x
- Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender & power. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
- Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19, 829–859. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639
- Cottingham, M. (2014). Recruiting Men, constructing manhood: How health care organizations as nursing recruitment strategy. Gender & Society, 28, 133–156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243213509005
- Cottingham, M. (2015). Learning to “deal” and “de-escalate”: How men in nursing manage self and patient emotions. Sociological Inquiry, 85, 75–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12064
- DeMello, M. (2012). Animals and society: An introduction to human-animal studies. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- Demetriou, D. (2001). Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity. Theory and Society, 30, 337–361.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017596718715
- Earle, R., & Phillips, C. (2012). Digesting men? Ethnicity, gender, and food: Perspectives from a ‘prison ethnography’. Theoretical Criminology, 16, 141–156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480612441121
- Einwohner, R. L. (1999). Gender, class, and social movement outcomes: Identity and effectiveness in two animal rights campaigns. Gender & Society, 13, 56–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/089124399013001004
- Gaarder, E. (2011). Where the boys aren’t: The predominance of women in animal rights activism. Feminist Formations, 23, 54–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2011.0019
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company.
- Gough, B. (2007). ‘Real men don’t diet’: An analysis of contemporary newspaper representations of men, food and health. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 326–337. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.09.011
- Greenebaum, J. (2012). Veganism, identity, and the quest for authenticity. Food, Culture, & Society, 15, 129–144. doi:https://doi.org/10.2752/175174412X13190510222101
- Groves, J. M. (1997). Hearts and minds: The controversy over laboratory animals. Philadephia, PA: Temple University Press.
- Harper, A. B. (Ed.). (2010). Sistah Vegan. New York, NY: Lantern Books.
- Harper, A. B. (2012a). Going beyond the normative white “post-racial” vegan epistemology. In P. Williams-Forson & C. Counihan (Eds.), Taking food public: Redefining foodways in a changing world (pp. 155–174). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Harper, A. B. (2012b). Race as a ‘feeble matter’ in veganism: Interrogating whiteness, geopolitical privilege, and consumption of ‘cruelty-free’ products. Journal of Critical Animal Studies, 3, 5–27.
- Heinz, B., & Lee, R. (1998). Getting down to the meat: The symbolic construction of meat consumption. Communication Studies, 49, 86–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10510979809368520
- Herzog, H. (2007). Gender differences in human–animal interactions: A review. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of the Interactions of People & Animals, 20, 7–21.https://doi.org/10.2752/089279307780216687
- Johnson, A. (2005). Privilege, power, and difference. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
- Johnson, J. A. (2011). Hegans: An examination of the emerging male vegan ( Unpublished master’s thesis). Mankato: Minnesota State University.
- Julier, A., & Lindenfeld, L. (2005). Mapping men onto the menu: Masculinities and food. Food & Foodways, 13, 1–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07409710590915346
- Kimmel, M. (2012). The gendered society. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Kruse, C. R. (1999). Gender, views of nature, and support for animal rights. Society & Animals, 7, 179–198. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07409710590915346
- Luke, B. (2007). Brutal: Manhood and the exploitation of animals. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- McIntosh, P. (1997). White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women’s studies. In R. Delgado & J. Stefancic (Eds.), Critical white studies: Looking behind the mirror (pp. 291–299). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
- Messerschmidt, J. W. (2000). Becoming “real men”: Adolescent masculinity challenges and sexual violence. Men and Masculinities, 2, 286–307. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184x00002003003
- Messerschmidt, J. W. (2012). Engendering gendered knowledge: Assessing the academic appropriation of hegemonic masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 15, 56–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184x11428384
- Messner, M. (1993). “Changing men” and feminist politics in the United States. Theory and Society, 22, 723–737. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00993545
- Messner, M. (2007). The masculinity of the governator: Muscle and compassion in american politics. Gender & Society, 21, 461–480. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243207303166
- Nath, J. (2011). Gendered fare? A qualitative investigation of alternative food and masculinities. Journal of Sociology, 47, 261–278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783310386828
- Newcombe, M. A., McCarthy, M. B., Cronin, J. M., & McCarthy, S. N. (2012). “Eat like a man”. A social constructionist analysis of the role of food in men’s lives. Appetite, 59, 391–398. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.031
- Norris, J., & Messina, V. (2011). Vegan for life: Everything you need to know to be healthy and fit on a plant-based diet. Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Lifelong Books.
- O’Connor, T. (2015). Men choosing nursing: Negotiating a masculine identity in a feminine world. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 23, 194–211. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826515582519
- Pierce, K. (2010, March 24). Men leave their mark on veganism. Boston Globe. Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/food/articles/2010/03/24/men_leave_their_own_mark_on_veganism/?page=2
- Potts, A., & Parry, J. (2010). Vegan sexuality: Challenging heteronormative masculinity through meat-free sex. Feminism & Psychology, 20, 53–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353509351181
- Quick, D. (2011, February 11). Rise of the ‘hegans’. Charleston Post and Courier. Retrieved from http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20110215/ARCHIVES/302159887
- Robbins, J. (2012). No happy cows: Dispatches from the frontlines of the food revolution. San Francisco, CA: Conari Press.
- Rogers, R. (2008). Beasts, burgers, and hummers: Meat and the crisis of masculinity in contemporary television advertisements. Environmental Communication, 2, 281–301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353509351181
- Roos, G., Ritva, P., & Katriina, K. (2001). Men, masculinity, and food: Interviews with Finnish carpenters and engineers. Appetite, 37, 47–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.2001.0409
- Rothgerber, H. (2013). Real men don’t eat (vegetable) quiche: Masculinity and the justification of meat consumption. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14, 363–375. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/e512142015-436
- Sobal, J. (2005). Men, meat, and marriage: Models of masculinity. Food & Foodways, 13, 135–158.https://doi.org/10.1080/07409710590915409
- Spencer, D. (2014). “Eating clean” for a violent body: Mixed martial arts, diet and masculinities. Women’s Studies International Forum, 44, 247–254. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.05.018
- Sumpter, K. (2015). Masculinity and meat consumption: An analysis through the theoretical lens of hegemonic masculinity and alternative masculinity theories. Sociology Compass, 9, 104–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12241
- Taylor, S., & Bogdan, R. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research Methods: The search for meaning. New York, NY: Wiley.
- Thiel, B. (1994). Further thoughts on why men share meat. Current Anthropology, 35, 440–441. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/204299
- Thomas, M. A. (2016). Are vegans the same as vegetarians? The effect of diet on perceptions of masculinity. Appetite, 97, 79–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.11
- Turner, K., Ferguson, S., Craig, J., Jeffries, A., & Beaton, S. (2013). Gendered identity negotiations through food consumption. Young Consumers, 14, 280–288. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/yc-02-2013-00342
- Twine, R. (2014). Vegan killjoys at the table – Contesting happiness and negotiating relationships with food practices. Societies, 4, 623–639. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/soc4040623
- Veri, M., & Liberti, R. (2013). Tailgate warriors: Exploring constructions of masculinity, food, and football. Journal of Sport and Social Issues., 37, 227–244. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512472897.journ
- Wolf, N. (1991). The beauty myth. New York, NY: William Morrow & Co..
- Wrenn, C. (2016). A rational approach to animal rights: Extensions in abolition theory. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.
- Wright, L. (2015). The vegan studies project: Food, animals, and gender in the age of terror. Athens: University of Georgia Press.