1,245
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Enmeshed in insurgency: Britain's protracted retreats from Iraq and Afghanistan

Pages 501-521 | Received 10 Jun 2013, Accepted 13 Jun 2013, Published online: 01 Jul 2014

REFERENCES

  • Alderson, Alexander. ‘Too Busy to Learn: Personal Observations on British Campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 281–96. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Alizada, Sayed Rahmatullah. ‘Afghan Police in Taleban Arms Sales’. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 19 December 2013. http://iwpr.net/report-news/afghan-police-taleban-arms-sales..
  • Anderson, Ben. No Worse Enemy: The Inside Story of the Chaotic Struggle for Afghanistan. Oxford: Oneworld, 2011.
  • Atkins, Judi. ‘A Renewed Social Democracy for an ‘Age of Internationalism’: An Interpretivist Account of New Labour's Foreign Policy’. British Journal of Politics and International Relations15, no. 2 (2013): 175–91.
  • Bailey, Jonathan. ‘The Political Context: Why We Went to War and the Mismatch of Ends, Ways and Means’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 5–26. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Bennett, Huw. ‘The Reluctant Counter-Insurgents: Britain's Absent Surge in Southern Iraq’. In The New Counter-insurgency Era in Critical Perspective, edited by CelesteWard Gventer, DavidMartin Jones and M.L.R.Smith, 278–99. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
  • Betz, David and AnthonyCormack. ‘Iraq, Afghanistan and British Strategy’. Orbis53, no. 2 (2009): 319–36.
  • Biddle, Stephen, FotiniChristia, and J. AlexanderThier. ‘Defining Success in Afghanistan: What Can the United States Accept?’ Foreign Affairs89, no. 4 (2010): 48–60.
  • Burke, Edward. ‘Leaving the Civilians Behind: The ‘Soldier-diplomat’ in Afghanistan and Iraq’. Prism1, no. 2 (2010): 27–46.
  • Catignani, Sergio. ‘“Getting COIN” at the Tactical Level in Afghanistan: Reassessing Counter-Insurgency Adaptation in the British Army’. Journal of Strategic Studies35, no. 4 (2012): 513–39.
  • Chandrasekaran, Rajiv. Little America: The War Within the War for Afghanistan. London: Bloomsbury, 2012.
  • Chaudhuri, Rudra and TheoFarrell. ‘Campaign Disconnect: Operational Progress and Strategic Obstacles in Afghanistan, 2009–2011’. International Affairs87, no. 2 (2011): 271–96.
  • Chin, Warren. ‘Colonial Warfare in a Post-Colonial State: British Military Operations in Helmand Province, Afghanistan’. Defence Studies10, no. 1–2 (2010): 215–47.
  • Chin, Warren. ‘The United Kingdom and the War on Terror: The Breakdown of National and Military Strategy’. Contemporary Security Policy30, no. 1 (2009): 125–46.
  • Cochran, Shawn. ‘The Civil-Military Divide in Protracted Small War: An Alternative View of Military Leadership Preferences and War Termination’. Armed Forces and Society40, no. 1 (2014): 71–95.
  • Cornish, Paul and AndrewDorman. ‘Blair's Wars and Brown's Budgets: From Strategic Defence Review to Strategic Decay in Less Than a Decade’. International Affairs85, no. 2 (2009): 247–61.
  • Cornish, Paul and AndrewDorman. ‘Fifty Shades of Purple? A Risk-Sharing Approach to the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review’. International Affairs89, no. 5 (2013): 1183–202.
  • Coughlin, Con. ‘Taliban Could Retake Key Territory, Says Army Head’. Daily Telegraph, 26 December 2013. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/10538658/Taliban-could-retake-key-territory-says-Army-head.html..
  • Cowper-Coles, Sherard. Cables from Kabul: The Inside Story of the West's Afghanistan Campaign. London: Harper Press, 2011.
  • Cross, Tim. ‘Rebuilding Iraq 2003: Humanitarian Assistance and Reconstruction’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 69–78. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Daddow, Oliver and JamieGaskarth. ‘Introduction: Blair, Brown and New Labour's Foreign Policy, 1997–2010’. In British Foreign Policy: The New Labour Years, edited by OliverDaddow and JamieGaskarth, 1–27. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • de Waal, James. Depending on the Right People: British Political-Military Relations, 2001–10. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2013.
  • Derksen, Deedee. ‘Armed, Disarmed, Rearmed: How Nahr-e Seraj in Helmand Became One of the Deadliest Districts in Afghanistan’. Afghan Analysts Network, 6 January 2014. http://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/armed-disarmed-rearmed-how-nar…j-in-helmand-became-one-of-the-deadliest-districts-in-afghanistan..
  • Dumbrell, John. ‘The US–UK Special Relationship: Taking the 21st-Century Temperature’. British Journal of Politics and International Relations11, no. 1 (2009): 64–78.
  • Dunn, David Hastings. ‘The Double Interregnum: UK-US Relations Beyond Blair and Bush’. International Affairs84, no. 6 (2008): 1131–43.
  • Egnell, Robert. ‘Lessons from Helmand, Afghanistan: What Now for British Counterinsurgency?’ International Affairs87, no. 2 (2011): 297–315.
  • Egnell, Robert. ‘Winning ‘Hearts and Minds’? A Critical Analysis of Counter-Insurgency Operations in Afghanistan’. Civil Wars12, no. 3 (2010): 282–303.
  • Ellis, Aaron. ‘‘Mission accomplished’ in Afghanistan? For the Tory Party, Yes’. Egremont, blog of the Tory Reform Group, 19 December 2013. http://toryreformgroup.tumblr.com/tagged/Aaron-Ellis..
  • Farrell, Theo and StuartGordon. ‘COIN Machine: The British Military in Afghanistan’. Orbis53, no. 4 (2009): 665–83.
  • Farrell, Theo. ‘Improving in War: Military Adaptation and the British in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, 2006–2009’. Journal of Strategic Studies33, no. 4 (2010): 567–94.
  • Foley, Robert T., StuartGriffin, and HelenMcCartney. ‘‘Transformation in Contact’: Learning the Lessons of Modern War’. International Affairs87, no. 2 (2011): 253–70.
  • Freedman, Lawrence. ‘Alliance and the British Way in Warfare’. Review of International Studies21, no. 2 (1995): 145–58.
  • Griffin, Stuart. ‘Iraq, Afghanistan and the Future of British Military Doctrine: From Counterinsurgency to Stabilization’. International Affairs87, no. 2 (2011): 317–33.
  • Harnden, Toby. Dead Men Risen: The Welsh Guards and the Defining Story of Britain's War in Afghanistan. London: Quercus, 2011.
  • Haynes, Deborah. ‘Taleban ‘Poised to Regain Helmand’ After UK Exit’. The Times, 6 January 2014.
  • Heng, Yee-Kuang. ‘‘What did New Labour Ever Do for Us?’ Evaluating Tony Blair's Imprint on British Strategic Culture’. British Journal of Politics and International Relations14 (2012): 556–75.
  • House of Commons Defence Committee. Securing the Future of Afghanistan. Tenth Report of Session 2012–13. Volume I: Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence. HC 413. London: TSO, 2013.
  • Iron, Richard. ‘Basra 2008: Operation Charge of the Knights’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 187–200. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Jones, David Martin and M.L.R.Smith. ‘Myth and the Small War Tradition: Reassessing the Discourse of British Counter-Insurgency’. Small Wars & Insurgencies24, no. 3 (2013): 436–64.
  • Kettell, Steven. ‘Dilemmas of Discourse: Legitimising Britain's War on Terror’. British Journal of Politics and International Relations15, no. 2 (2013): 263–79.
  • King, Anthony. ‘Military Command in the Last Decade’. International Affairs87, no. 2 (2011): 377–96.
  • King, Anthony. ‘Understanding the Helmand Campaign: British Military Operations in Afghanistan’. International Affairs86, no. 2 (2010): 311–32.
  • King, Anthony. The Transformation of Europe's Armed Forces: From the Rhine to Afghanistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kreps, Sarah. ‘Elite Consensus as a Determinant of Alliance Cohesion: Why Public Opinion Hardly Matters for NATO-led Operations in Afghanistan’. Foreign Policy Analysis6, no. 3 (2010): 191–215.
  • Kriner, Douglas, and Graham Wilson. ‘Elites, Events and British Support for the War in Afghanistan’. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, 2–5 September 2010.
  • Ledwidge, Frank. Investment in Blood: The True Cost of Britain's Afghan War. London: Yale University Press, 2013.
  • Ledwige, Frank. Losing Small Wars: British Military Failure in Iraq and Afghanistan. London: Yale University Press, 2011.
  • Londono, Ernesto, Karen DeYoung, and Greg Miller. ‘Afghanistan Gains Will Be Lost Quickly After Drawdown, U.S. Intelligence Estimate Warns’. Washington Post, 28 December 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/afghanista…warns/2013/12/28/ac609f90-6f32-11e3-aecc-85cb037b7236_story.html..
  • Maciejewski, Justin. ‘“Best Effort”: Operation Sinbad and the Iraq Campaign’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 157–74. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Mason, Rowena, and Patrick Wintour. ‘Mission Accomplished in Afghanistan, Declares David Cameron’. The Guardian, 16 December 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/16/afghanistan-mission-accomplished-david-cameron..
  • McColl, John. ‘Modern Campaigning: From a Practitioner's Perspective’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 109–18. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • McCormack, Tara. ‘From ‘Ethical Foreign Policy’ to National Security Strategy: Exporting Domestic Incoherence’. In British Foreign Policy: The New Labour Years, edited by OliverDaddow and JamieGaskarth, 103–22. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • Miller, Paul D. ‘Finish the Job. How the War in Afghanistan Can Be Won’. Foreign Affairs90, no. 1 (2011): 51–65.
  • Miskimmon, Alister. ‘Continuity in the Face of Upheaval: British Strategic Culture and the Impact of the Blair Government’. European Security13, no. 3 (2004): 273–99.
  • Nagl, John. Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • Parker, Nick. ‘Twenty-First-Century Operational Leadership: Sierra Leone, Baghdad and Northern Ireland’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 131–42. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Porter, Patrick. ‘Last Charge of the Knights? Iraq, Afghanistan and the Special Relationship’. International Affairs86, no. 2 (2010): 355–75.
  • Porter, Patrick. ‘Why Britain Doesn't Do Grand Strategy’. RUSI Journal155, no. 4 (2010): 6–12.
  • Posen, Barry R. ‘Pull Back: The Case for a Less Activist Foreign Policy’. Foreign Affairs92, no. 1 (2013): 116–28.
  • Pritchard, James and M.L.R.Smith. ‘Thompson in Helmand: Comparing Theory to Practice in British Counter-insurgency Operations in Afghanistan’. Civil Wars12, no. 1 (2010): 65–90.
  • Ralph, Jason. ‘No Longer Special? Britain and the United States After Iraq’. International Politics50, no. 3 (2013): 1–27.
  • Reifler, Jason, Harold D. Clarke, Thomas J. Scotto, David Sanders, Marianne C. Stewart, and Paul Whiteley. ‘Prudence, Principle and Minimal Heuristics: British Public Opinion Toward the Use of Military Force in Afghanistan and Libya’. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Early View version (2013).
  • Riley, Jon. ‘NATO Operations in Afghanistan 2008–2009: A Theatre-Level View’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 237–48. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Rynning, Sten. NATO in Afghanistan: the Liberal Disconnect. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012.
  • Schott, John Paul, Laura D.Scherer, and Alan J.Lambert. ‘Casualties of War and Sunk Costs: Implications for Attitude Change and Persuasion’. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology47 (2011): 1134–45.
  • Shaw, Jonathan. ‘Basra 2007: The Requirements of a Modern Major General’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 175–80. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Stewart, Andrew. ‘Southern Iraq 2003–2004: Multi-National Command’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 79–88. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Strachan, Hew. ‘British Generals in Blair's Wars: Conclusion’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 327–46. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Strachan, Hew. ‘British National Strategy: Who Does It?’ Parameters43, no. 2 (2013): 43–52.
  • Strachan, Hew. The Direction of War: Contemporary Strategy in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Suhrke, Astri. When More is Less: The International Project in Afghanistan. London: Hurst, 2011.
  • Tuck, Christopher. ‘Afghanistan: Strategy and War Termination’. Parameters42, no. 3 (2012): 44–61.
  • Ucko, David H. and RobertEgnell. Counterinsurgency in Crisis: Britain and the Challenges of Modern Warfare. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013.
  • Urban, Mark. Task Force Black: The Explosive True Story of the SAS and the Secret War in Iraq. London: Abacus, 2011.
  • US Army Chief of Staff's Professional Reading List. Fort McNair, DC: US Army Center of Military History, 2013. http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/105/105-1-1/CMH_Pub_105-5-1_2013.pdf..
  • White-Spunner, Barney. ‘Great Expectations: Broadening the Military Role to Include Nation Building’. In British Generals in Blair's Wars, edited by JonathanBailey, RichardIron and HewStrachan, 89–96. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.
  • Whitman, Richard. ‘The Calm After the Storm? Foreign and Security Policy from Blair to Brown’. Parliamentary Affairs63, no. 4 (2010): 834–48.
  • Williams, Michael John. ‘Enduring, but Irrelevant? Britain, NATO and the Future of the Atlantic Alliance’. International Politics50, no. 3 (2013): 360–86.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.