General Zuo’s counter-insurgency doctrine

Bibliography

• Atwill, David G. The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856–1873. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Bales, W.L. Tso Tsung-t’ang: Soldier and Statesman of Old China. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, 1937.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, Jung. Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine who Launched Modern China. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Gideon. Tso Tsung-t’ang: Pioneer Promoter of the Modern Dockyard and Woolen Mill in China. New York: Paragon Books, 1968.
   Google Scholar
• Chiang, Siang-tseh. The Nien Rebellion. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1954.
   Google Scholar
• Chu, Wen-djang. The Moslem Rebellion in Northwest China, 1862–1878. Paris: Mouton & Co., 1966.
   Google Scholar
• Elleman, Bruce. Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795–1989. London: Routledge, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Fan, Zhongyi. Qi Jiguang zhuan [Biography of Qi Jiguang]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Fay, Peter Ward. The Opium War 1840–1842. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Fields, Lanny. “Tso Tsung-t’ang (1812–1885) and his Campaigns in Northwestern China, 1868–1880.” Ph.D. Diss., Indiana University, 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Fields, Lanny. Tso Tsung-t’ang and the Muslims: Statecraft in Northwest China, 1868–1880. Kingston, Ontario: Limestone Press, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Goodrich, L. Carrington, and Chaoying Fang, eds. Dictionary of Ming Biography. Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Hou, Chunyan. “Tongzhi Huimin qiyi fou xibei diqu renkou qianyi ji yingxiang [An Investigation into the Impact upon Population in the Muslim Revolts of the Northwestern Regions during the Tongzhi Reign].” Shaanxi daxue xuebao 1997, no. 3 (1997): 68–72.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, Immanuel C.Y. The Ili Crisis: A Study in Sino-Russian Diplomacy, 1871–1881. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Hummel, Arthur W., ed. Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period. Revised ed. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Hodong. Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and the State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864-1877. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, Philip A. “The Taiping Rebellion.” In The Cambridge History of China Volume 10: Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part One, edited by John K. Fairbank, 264–317. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Kwang-ching, and Richard Smith. “The Military Challenge: The North-west and the Coast.” In The Cambridge History of China Volume 11: Late Ch’ing, 1800-1900, Part 2, edited by John K. Fairbank and Kwang-ching Liu, 202–273. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Luo, Zhengjun. “Zuo Wenxiang gong nianpu [Chronological Biography of Zuo Zongtang].” In Xuxiu siku quanshu [Supplement to the Four Treasuries]. 1200 vols, 539–757. Vol. 557. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Michael, Franz, and Chung-li Chang. The Taiping Rebellion: A History with Documents. Vol. 3. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1966.
   Google Scholar
• Millward, James A. Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Nie, Chongqi, ed. Nian jun ziliao bieji [Historical Materials on the Nian Army]. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1958.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, Elizabeth, ed. Chinese Perspectives on the Nien Rebellion. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Qin, Hancai. Zuo Wenxiang gong zai Xibei.i [Zuo Zongtang in the Northwest]. Shanghai: Shanghai shudian, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Qin, Xiangye, and Chen Zhongying. “Ping Zhe jilue [Record of the Pacification of Zhejiang].” Jindai Zhongguo shiliao congkan [Compilation of Historical Materials on Modern China], Vol. 24 comp. Shen Yunlong, Taibei: Wenhai chubanshe, 1966–1973.
   Google Scholar
• Sim, Y.H.Teddy, and Sandy J.C. Liu. “Zeng Guofan’s Applications of Qi Jiguang’s Doctrines in Crushing the Taiping Uprising.” In The Maritime Defence of China: Ming General Qi Jiguang and Beyond, edited by Y.H. Teddy Sim, 93–104. Singapore: Springer, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Spence, Jonathan. God’s Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan. New York: W.W. Norton, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Swope, Kenneth M. On the Trail of the Yellow Tiger: War, Trauma, and Social Dislocation in Southwest China During the Ming-Qing Transition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Teng, S.Y. The Nien Army and their Guerrilla Warfare. Paris: Mouton & Co., 1961.
   Google Scholar
• Teng, Ssu-yu, and John King Fairbank. China’s Response to the West. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Wakeman, Frederick, Jr. “The Canton Trade and the Opium War.” In The Cambridge History of China Volume 10: Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, Part One, edited by John K. Fairbank, 163–212. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Dongliang. Zuo Zongtang [Biography of Zuo Zongtang]. Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao Erxun (ed.), et al. comps. Qing shigao [Draft History of the Qing]. Vol. 4. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, Xueqin. “comp. Qin ding jiaoping Nian (fei) fanglue [Campaign History of the Pacification of the Nian Bandits].” In Zhongguo fanglue congshu [Collected Campaign Histories of China] 32 vols. Vol. 1. Taibei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1968.
   Google Scholar
• Zuo, Zongtang. Zuo Zongtang quanji [Complete Works of Zuo Zongtang], 15. Changsha: Yuelu shushe, 2014.
   Google Scholar