Bibliography
- Aboufade, Leith. 2017. “UAE Fighter Jet Crashes in Yemen, 2 Pilots Killed”. Almadar News, October 18. https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/uae-fighter-jet-crashes-yemen-2-pilots-killed/
- Al-Atrush, Samer. 2019. “Libya Hit Haftar Forward Airbase After Receiving Turkish Drones”. Bloomberg, July 26. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-26/tripoli-government-says-it-struck-haftar-s-main-forward-airbase.
- “Arab Coalition Pilot and Assistant Killed in Helicopter Crash in Yemen”. 2018. Arab News, September 14. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1372026/saudi-arabia.
- Arreguin-Toft, Ivan M. “How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict.” International Security 26, no. 1 (2001): 93–128. doi:10.1162/016228801753212868.
- Bassiri Tabrizi, Aniseh, and Justin Bronk. Armed Drones in the Middle East: Proliferation and Norms in the Region. London: Royal United Services Institute, 2018.
- Bergman, Ronen. Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations. New York, NY: Random House, 2018.
- Biggers, Chris. 2016. “UAE United 40 Block 5 at Test Airfield”. Bellingcat, March 26. https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2015/03/26/uae-united-40-block-5-at-test-airfield/.
- Black, Ian. 2012. “‘Israeli Attack’ on Sudanese Arms Factory Offers Glimpse of Secret War”. The Guardian, October 25. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/25/israeli-sudanese-factory-secret-war.
- Boehler, Patrick, and Gerry. Doyle 2015. “Use by Iraqi Military May Be a Boon for China-Made Drones”. The New York Times, December 17. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/business/international/china-drone-export-iraq.html.
- Borger, Julian 2017. “US Shoots down Second Iran-made Armed Drone over Syria in 12 Days”. The Guardian, June 20. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/20/us-iran-drone-shot-down-syria.
- Boyle, Michael J. “The Race for Drones November.” Orbis 59, no. 1 (2015): 76–94. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2014.11.007.
- Brumfiel, Geoff. 2019. “In Yemen Conflict, Some See A New Age Of Drone Warfare”. NPR, May 29. https://www.npr.org/2019/05/29/726760128/in-yemen-conflict-some-see-a-new-age-of-drone-warfare?t=1567700504682.
- Chan, Minnie. 2017. “Chinese Drone Factory in Saudi Arabia First in Middle East”. SCMP, March 26. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2081869/chinese-drone-factory-saudi-arabia-first-middle-east.
- Clark, Richard M. Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles: Airpower by the People, For the People, But Not with the People. CADRE Paper No.8. Alabama: Air University Press, 2000.
- Congressional Research Service. 2019. “Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations”. March 12. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33003.pdf.
- Cordesman, Antony H, George Sullivan, and William D. Sullivan. Lessons of the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2007.
- Dehghanpisheh, Babak, and Phil Stewart. 2019. “From Iraq to Yemen, Drones Raise U.S. Alarm over Iranian Plans”. Reuters, July 17. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-drones/from-iraq-to-yemen-drones-raise-u-s-alarm-over-iranian-plans-idUSKCN1UC1X4.
- Delalande, Arnaud. 2018. “China’s Drones are Taking on ISIS (And Here’s Why America Should Worry)”. The National Interest, February 21. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/chinas-drones-are-taking-isis-heres-why-america-should-worry-24581.
- Demerly, Tom. 2019. “Let’s Talk about the Photo of Chinese-Built “Wing Loong” Drone (Likely Operated by UAE) over Libya”. The Aviationist, July 3. https://theaviationist.com/2019/07/03/lets-talk-about-the-photo-of-chinese-built-wing-loong-ii-drone-likely-operated-by-uae-over-libya/.
- Detsch, Jack. “Pentagon Warns Middle East Turning to China for Drone Needs.” Al Monitor, January 16 (2019). https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/01/pentagon-mideast-turning-china-drone-needs.html.
- Dobbing, Mary, and Chris Cole. Israel and the Drone War. Oxford: Drone Wars UK, 2014.
- Fallows, James. “The Tragedy of the American Military”. The Atlantic, January 2016. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/the-tragedy-of-the-american-military/383516/
- Farooq, Umar. 2019. “The Second Drone Age: How Turkey Defied the U.S. And Became a Killer Drone Power”. The Intercept, May 14. https://theintercept.com/2019/05/14/turkey-second-drone-age/.
- Frew, Joanna. Drone Wars: The Next Generation. Oxford: Drone Wars UK, 2018.
- Fuhrmann, Matthew, and Michael C. Horowitz. “Droning On: Explaining the Proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” International Organization 71, no. 2 (2017): 397–418. doi:10.1017/S0020818317000121.
- Gauthier-Villars, David, and Jared Maslin. 2019. “In Libyan War, Turkey Takes Sides Against Mideast Rivals”. The Wall Street Journal, July 2. https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-libyan-war-turkey-takes-sides-against-mideast-rivals-11562065082.
- Gettinger, Dan. “Drone Bases Updates”. https://dronecenter.bard.edu/drone-bases-updates/
- Gordon, Michael R., and Eric Schmitt. “U.S. Said to Rebuff Iraqi Request to Strike Militants.” The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/12/world/middleeast/iraq-asked-us-for-airstrikes-on-militants-officials-say.html.
- “The Growing Appetite for Armed Drones in the Middle East”. 2019. The Economist, March 9. https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/03/09/the-growing-appetite-for-armed-drones-in-the-middle-east.
- Gurcan, Metin. 2016. “In Struggle against PKK, Turkey Takes Flight”. Al Monitor, October 14. https://www.almonitor.com/pulse/fr/contents/articles/originals/2016/10/turkey-pkk-learn-from-isis-drones.html.
- Guzanski, Yoel, and Ari. Heinstein 2018. “Saudi Arabia’s War in Yemen Has Been a Disaster”. The National Interest, March 25. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/saudi-arabias-war-yemen-has-been-disaster-25064.
- Heller, “The Sinai Insurgency: The Next ISIS Crisis?” Small Wars Journal. https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/sinai-insurgency-next-isis-crisis
- Hicks, Kathleen H., John Schaus, and Michael. Matlaga. Zone Defense: Countering Competition in the Space between War and Peace. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2018. November.
- Horowitz, Michael, Sarah Kreps, and Matthew Furhmann. “Separating Fact from Fiction in the Debate over Drone Proliferation.” International Security 41, no. 2 (2016): 7–42. doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00257.
- House of Commons Defence Committee. 2008. The contribution of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to ISTAR capability, July 15. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmdfence/535/535.pdf
- How Israel Foiled an Arms Convoy Bound for Hamas. 2009. Time, March 30. http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1888352,00.html.
- Hubbard, Ben, Palko Karasz, and Stanley Reed. 2019. “Two Major Saudi Oil Installations Hit by Drone Strike, and U.S. Blames Iran”. The New York Times, September 14. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-refineries-drone-attack.html?module=inline.
- Hubbard, Ben, and Isabel Kershner. 2013. “Sinai Blasts Kill up to 5 Thought to Be Militants”. The New York Times, August 9. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/10/world/middleeast/sinai-blasts-kill-up-to-5-islamic-militants.html?module=inline
- “Iran’s Army Denies Direct Involvement in Syria, Speaks of ‘Volunteers’”. 2016. Reuters, April 20. https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-iran-idUKKCN0XH11J.
- “Is China at the Forefront of Drone Technology?”. 2018. CSIS ChinaPower, May 29. https://chinapower.csis.org/china-drones-unmanned-technology/.
- “Israeli Manufacturers’ Turkish UAV Contract”. 2011. Defense Industry Daily, December 22. https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/israeli-manufacturers-win-150m-turkish-uav-contract-updated-0389/.
- Issacharov, Avi. 2011. “Report: Hamas Arms Trafficker Killed in Sudan Air Strike”. Haaretz, April 6. https://www.haaretz.com/1.5148045.
- Jennings, Gareth. “Algeria Shown to Be Operating UAE-developed UAVs”. Jane’s Defence: Air Platforms. 21 December 2018. https://www.janes.com/article/85378/algeria-shown-to-be-operating-uae-developed-uavs.
- Kirkpatrick, David D. 2018. “Secret Alliance: Israel Carries Out Airstrikes in Egypt, with Cairo’s O.K.” The New York Times, February 3. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/03/world/middleeast/israel-airstrikes-sinai-egypt.html.
- Kittner, Cristiana C. Brafman. “The Role of Safe Havens in Islamist Terrorism.” Terrorism and Political Violence 19, no. 3 (2007): 307–329. doi:10.1080/09546550701246791.
- Manson, 2018. “Trump Relaxes Conditions over Sale of US Killer Drones”. Financial Times, April 19. https://www.ft.com/content/a48b8f56-43e4-11e8-803a-295c97e6fd0b.
- Marcus, Jonathan. 2015. “China Helps Iraq Military Enter Drone Era”. BBC News, October 12. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34510126.
- Mcleary, Paul. 2016 “Iranian Drones Now Hitting Rebel Targets in Syria”. Foreign Policy, February 29. https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/29/iranian-drones-now-hitting-rebel-targets-in-syria/.
- Minnick, Wendell. 2015. “China Again Tries To Pierce Gulf Defense Market”, Defense News, November 6. https://www.defensenews.com/thought-leadership/digital-show-dailies/dubai-air-show/2015/11/06/china-again-tries-to-pierce-gulf-defense-market/.
- Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) Annex Handbook. 2017. http://mtcr.info/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/MTCR-Handbook-2017-INDEXED-FINAL-Digital.pdf
- Mutlu, Servet. “The Economic Cost of Civil Conflict in Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 47, no. 1 (2011): 63:80. doi:10.1080/00263200903378675.
- Nadimi, Farzin. 2018. “Israel once Again Strikes Iran’s UAV Base in Syria”. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 10. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/israel-once-again-strikes-irans-uav-base-in-syria.
- Nadimi, Farzin, and Michael. Knights 2018. “Iran’s Support to Houthi Air Defenses in Yemen”. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 4. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/irans-support-to-houthi-air-defenses-in-yemen.
- New America Foundation. “World of Drones”. 2017. https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/world-of-drones/.
- Nichols, Michelle. 2019. “U.N. Report Finds Likely Use of Armed Drone in Libya by Haftar or ‘Third Party’”. Reuters, May 8. https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL2N22K1G3?fbclid=IwAR00IkfvtaDr-ClqVLAy-cbXLZqP26XRG5HN21PhSDVbfR4rPG1jenWPl7g
- O’Gorman, Rob, and Chris Abbott. Remote Control War Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles in China, India, Israel, Iran, Russia and Turkey. Bloomsbury: Open Briefing, 2013.
- Office of the Under Secretary of Defense/Chief Financial Officer. 2014. Program Acquisition Cost by Weapon System. March. https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf
- Oryx. 2015. “Fortress T4: An Airbase at War”. Bellingcat, June 29. https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2015/06/29/fortress-t4-an-airbase-at-war/.
- Page, Jeremy, and Paul. Sonne 2017. “Unable to Buy U.S. Military Drones, Allies Place Orders with China.” Wall Street Journal, July 17. https://www.wsj.com/articles/unable-to-buy-u-s-military-drones-allies-place-orders-with-china-1500301716.
- Plocker, Sever. “The Landscape of the Israeli Economy, Society and Policy after 1200 Days of Intifada.” https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/20031113.pdf.
- “Precisely Wrong: Gaza Civilians Killed by Israeli Drone-Launched Missiles”. 2009. Human Rights Watch, June 30. https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/06/30/precisely-wrong/gaza-civilians-killed-israeli-drone-launched-missiles.
- Rawan, Shaif, and Jack Watling. 2018. “How the UAE’s Chinese-Made Drone Is Changing the War in Yemen”. Foreign Policy, April 27. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/27/drone-wars-how-the-uaes-chinese-made-drone-is-changing-the-war-in-yemen/
- Rezaian, Jason. 2019. “The Saudi-Iran Rivalry Isn’t New, but It’s Getting Riskier by the Hour”. The Washington Post, September 18. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/09/18/saudi-iran-rivalry-isnt-new-its-getting-riskier-by-hour/.
- Sayler, Kelley. 2015. A world of proliferated drones: A technology primer. Center for a New American Security. June. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/191911/CNAS%20World%20of%20Drones_052115.pdf
- Schmitt, Eric, Julian E. Barnes, and David D. Kirkpatrick 2019. “To Find Clues in Saudi Oil Attacks, U.S. Examines Missile and Drone Parts”. The New York Times, September 17. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/17/world/middleeast/iran-attacks-saudi-oil.html.
- “Science Technology Launches Program to Develop Heavy Unmanned Bomber.” 2019. Defense Blog, March 13. https://defence-blog.com/news/science-technology-launches-program-to-develop-heave-unmanned-bomber.html?fbclid=IwAR1gebqF-QDERJfVVdUg0SA7A-.
- Seligman, Lara. “Trump’s Push to Boost Lethal Drone Exports Reaps Few Rewards”. 2018. Foreign Policy, December 6. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/12/06/trump-push-to-boost-lethal-drone-exports-reaps-few-rewards-uas-mtcr/2v6pmnEiR2OnBBbscT-ENrTmDlLvs44wI.
- Soylu, Ragip. 2019. “Turkey Sold Arms and Equipment to UN-backed Libyan Government, Erdogan Confirms”. Middle East Eye, June 20. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-sold-equipment-libya-erdogan-confirms.
- Stohl, Rachel. 2015. “Exercising Restraint? The New U.S. Rules for Drone Transfers”. Arms Control Association, May. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2015-05/features/exercising-restraint-new-us-rules-drone-transfers.
- Tabatabai, Ariane. “Containment and Strike: Iran’s Drone Program.” Terrorism Monitor 15, no. 17 (2017). https://jamestown.org/program/containment-and-strike-irans-drone-program/.
- Trends in International Arms Transfers. Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2019.
- Trump, Donald J. 2019. National Security Presidential Memorandum Regarding U.S. Conventional Arms Transfer Policy, April 19. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/national-security-presidential-memorandum-regarding-u-s-conventional-arms-transfer-policy/.
- Turak, Natasha. “Pentagon Is Scrambling as China ‘Sells the Hell Out Of’ Armed Drones to US Allies”. 2019. CNBC, February 21. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/21/pentagon-is-scrambling-as-china-sells-the-hell-out-of-armed-drones-to-americas-allies.html.
- United Nations. 2015. “Study on Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Prepared on the Recommendation of the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.” https://unoda-web.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/assets/publications/more/drones-study/drones-study.pdf.
- United Nations Security Council. S/2017/466. https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2017_466.pdf
- US Department of Defense. The Role of Autonomy in DoD Systems. Washington, D.C: Defense Science Board, 2012.
- Walsh, Declan, and David D. Kirkpatrick 2019. “U.A.E. Pulls Most Forces from Yemen in Blow to Saudi War Effort”. The New York Times, July 11. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/11/world/middleeast/yemen-emirates-saudi-war.html.
- Weingberger, Sharon. 2018. “China Has Already Won the Drone Wars”. Foreign Policy, May 10. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/10/china-trump-middle-east-drone-wars/.
- Weitz, Richard. 2015. Reforming US Export Control Reforms: Advancing US Army Interests. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press, December. https://publications.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/2376.pdf.
- Wezeman, Pieter D, Aude Fleurant, Alexandra Kuimova, Nan Tian, and T. Wezeman Siemon
- Wikileaks Cable #04ABUDHABI2113. 2004. “Shaykh Mohamed Bin Zayed Rejects Unarmed Predator Proposal”. U.S. Embassy Abu Dhabi. June 27.
- Wikileaks Cable #10RIYADH159_a. 2010. “Saudi Arabia: Renewed Assurances on Satellite Imagery.” U.S. Embassy Riyadh, February 7.
- Wills, Colin. Unmanned Combat Air Systems in Future Warfare: Gaining Control of the Air. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan, 2015.
- Wintour, Patrick, and Bethan McKernan. 2019. “Yemen: UAE Confirms Withdrawal from Port City of Hodeidah”. The Guardian, July 9. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/09/yemen-uae-confirms-withdrawal-from-port-city-of-hodeidah
- Wirtz, James J. “Life in the ‘Gray Zone’: Observations for Contemporary Strategists.” Defense & Security Analysis 33, no. 2 (2017): 106–114. doi:10.1080/14751798.2017.1310702.
- Woodhams, George, and John Borrie. 2018. “Armed UAVs in Conflict Escalation and inter-State Crisis”. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. http://www.unidir.org/files/publications/pdfs/armed-uav-in-conflict-escalation-and-inter-state-crisis-en-747.pdf.
- Zegart, Amy. “Cheap Flights, Credible Threats: The Future of Armed Drones and Coercion.” Journal of Strategic Studies 43, no. 1 (2020): 6–46. doi:10.1080/01402390.2018.1439747.
- Zenko, Micah, and Sarah. Kreps. Limiting Armed Drones Proliferation. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 2014.