270
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Monitoring of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds in two major traffic tunnels in Seoul, Korea

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1963-1976 | Received 19 Jul 2011, Accepted 19 Dec 2011, Published online: 06 Feb 2012

References

  • Kim , H.-H. , Lim , Y.-Y. , Shin , D.-C. , Sohn , J. R. and Yang , J.-Y. 2011 . Risk assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde in Korean Public Facilities – derivation of health protection criteria levels . Asian. J. Atmos. Environ. , 5 : 65 – 143 .
  • Son , Y.-S. , Kang , Y.-H. , Chung , S.-G. , Park , H. J. and Kim , J.-C. 2011 . Efficiency evaluation of adsorbents for the removal of VOC and NO2 in an underground subway station . Asian. J. Atmos. Environ. , 5 : 113 – 120 .
  • Chetwittayachan , T. , Shimazaki , D. and Yamamoto , K. 2002 . A comparison of temporal variation of particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration in different urban environments: Tokyo, Japan, and Bangkok, Thailand . Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 2027 – 2037 .
  • Kameda , Y. , Shirai , J. , Komai , T. , Nakanishi , J. and Masunaga , S. 2005 . Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Size distribution, estimation of their risk and their depositions to human respiratory tract . Sci. Total Environ. , 340 : 71 – 80 .
  • Sharma , H. , Jain , V. K. and Khan , Z. H. 2007 . Characterization and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urban environment of Delhi . Chemosphere , 66 : 302 – 310 .
  • Vasconcellos , P. C. , Carvalho , L. R.F. and Pool , C. S. 2005 . Volatile organic compounds inside urban tunnels of Sao Paulo city . Brazil. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. , 16 : 1210 – 1216 .
  • Chan , C. Y. , Chan , L. Y. , Wang , X. M. , Liu , Y. M. , Lee , S. C. , Zou , S. C. , Sheng , G. Y. and Fu , J. M. 2002 . Volatile organic compounds in roadside microenvironments of metropolitan Hong Kong . Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 2039 – 2047 .
  • Lee , S. C. , Chiu , M. Y. , Ho , K. F. , Zou , S. C. and Wang , X. 2002 . Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban atmosphere of Hong Kong . Chemosphere , 48 : 375 – 382 .
  • Barletta , B. , Meinardi , S. , Simpson , I. J. , Khwaja , H. A. , Blake , D. R. and Rowland , F. S. 2002 . Mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere of Karachi, Pakistan . Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 3429 – 3443 .
  • Ho , K. F. , Lee , S. C. , Guo , H. and Tsai , W. Y. 2004 . Seasonal and diurnal variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere of Hong Kong . Sci. Total Environ. , 322 : 155 – 166 .
  • Dong , T. T.T. and Lee , B.-K. 2011 . Characteristics, toxicity, and source apportionment of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Ulsan, Korea . Chemosphere , 74 : 1245 – 1253 .
  • Seoul Metropolitan Government . 2007 . Available at http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/about/fact.php?pidx=3.
  • Caricchia , A. M. , Chiavarini , S. and Pezza , M. 1999 . PAHs in the urban atmospheric particulate matter in the city of Naples (Italy) . Atmos. Environ. , 33 : 3731 – 3738 .
  • Isidirov , V. A. , Zenkevich , J. G. and Scotte , B. V. 1983 . Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of forests . Atmos. Environ. , 17 : 1347 – 1353 .
  • Machado , M. C.S. , Almeida , J. C.S. , Martins , E. M. and Arbilla , G. 2007 . Volatile aromatic compounds in a light-duty vehicle tunnel in Rio de Janeiro . Brazil. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 78 : 304 – 307 .
  • Yao , X. , Lau , N. T. , Chan , C. K. and Fang , M. 2005 . The use of tunnel concentration profile data to determine the ratio of NO2/NOx directly emitted from vehicles . Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , 5 : 12723 – 12740 .
  • Carslaw , D. C. and Beevers , S. D. 2005 . Estimations of road vehicle primary NO2 exhaust emission fractions using monitoring data in London . Atmos. Environ. , 39 : 167 – 177 .
  • Kurtenbach , R. , Becker , K. H. , Gomes , J. A.G. , Kleffmann , J. , Lorzer , J. C. , Spittler , M. , Wiesen , P. , Ackermann , R. , Geyer , A. and Platt , U. 2001 . Investigations of emissions and heterogeneous formation of HONO in a road traffic tunnel . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 3385 – 3394 .
  • Soltic , P. and Weilenmann , M. 2003 . NO2/NO emissions of gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks with Euro-2 emission standard . Atmos. Environ. , 37 : 5207 – 5216 .
  • Clapp , L. J. and Jenkin , M. E. 2001 . Analysis of the relationship between ambient levels of O3, NO2 and NO as a function of NOx in the UK . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 6391 – 6450 .
  • Jimenez , J. L. , McCrae , G. J. , Nelson , D. D. , Zahniser , M. S. and Kolb , C. E. 2000 . Remote sensing of NO and NO2 emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks using tunable diode lasers . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 34 : 2380 – 2387 .
  • Villeneuve , P. J. , Parent , M. E. , Sahni , V. and Johnson , K. J. 2011 . Occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline emissions and lung cancer in Canadian men . Environ. Res. , 111 : 727 – 735 .
  • Funaska , K. , Miyazaki , T. , Kawaraya , T. , Tsuruho , K. and Mizuno , T. 1998 . Characteristics of particulate and gaseous pollutants in a highway tunnel . Environ. Pollut. , 102 : 171 – 176 .
  • Kojima , Y. , Inazu , K. , Hisamatsu , Y. , Okochi , H. , Baba , T. and Nagoya , T. 2010 . Changes in concentration 1 levels of polycyclic aromatic compounds associated with airborne particulate matter in downtown Tokyo after introducing government diesel vehicle controls . Asian. J. Atmos. Environ. , 4 : 1 – 8 .
  • Ravindra , K. , Sokhi , R. and Grieken , R. N. 2008 . Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation . Atmos. Environ. , 42 : 2895 – 2921 .
  • Tasdemir , Y. and Esen , F. 2007 . Urban air PAHs: Concentrations, temporal changes and gas/particle partitioning at a traffic site in Turkey . Atmos. Res. , 84 : 1 – 12 .
  • Chang , K. F. , Fang , G. C. , Lu , C. and Bai , H. 2003 . Estimating PAH dry deposition by measuring gas and particle phase concentrations in ambient air . Aeros. Air Qual. Res. , 3 : 41 – 51 .
  • Vardar , N. , Tasdemir , Y. , Odabasi , M. and Noll , K. E. 2004 . Characterization of atmospheric concentrations and partitioning of PAHs in the Chicago atmosphere . Sci. Total Environ. , 327 : 163 – 174 .
  • Poor , N. , Tremblay , R. , Kay , H. , Bhethanabotla , V. , Swartz , E. , Luther , M. and Campbell , S. 2004 . Atmospheric concentrations and dry deposition rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for Tampa Bay, Florida, USA . Atmos. Environ. , 38 : 6005 – 6015 .
  • Marr , L. C. , Kirchstetter , T. W. , Harley , R. A. , Miguel , A. H. , Herring , S. V. and Hammond , S. K. 1999 . Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in motor vehicle fuels and exhaust emissions . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 : 3091 – 3099 .
  • Pereira , P. A. de P. , de Andrade , J. B. and Miguel , A. H. 2002 . Measurements of semivolatile and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a bus station and an urban tunnel in Salvador . Brazil. J. Environ. Monitor. , 4 : 558 – 561 .
  • Schmid , H. , Pucher , E. , Ellinger , R. , Biebl , P. and Puxbaum , H. 2001 . Decadal reductions of traffic emissions on a transit route in Austria—results of the Tauern tunnel experiment 1997 . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 3585 – 3593 .
  • Fraser , M. P. , Cass , G. R. and Simoneit , B. R.T. 1998 . Gas-phase and particle-phase organic compounds emitted from motor vehicle traffic in a Los Angeles roadway tunnel . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 32 : 2051 – 2060 .
  • Carter , W. P.L. 1994 . Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds . J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. , 44 : 881 – 899 .
  • Na , K. , Kim , Y. P. and Moon , K. C. 2003 . Diurnal characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the Seoul atmosphere . Atmos. Environ. , 37 : 733 – 742 .
  • Na , K. , Moon , K. C. and Kim , Y. P. 2005 . Source contribution to aromatic VOC concentration and ozone formation potential in the atmosphere of Seoul . Atmos. Environ. , 39 : 5517 – 5524 .
  • Atkinson , R. 1990 . Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds: A review . Atmos. Environ. , 24 : 1 – 41 .
  • Gelencsr , A. , Siszler , K. and Hlavay , J. 1997 . Toluene-benzene concentration ratio as a tool for characterizing the distance from vehicular emission sources . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 31 : 2869 – 2872 .
  • Barletta , B. , Meinardi , S. , Rowland , F. S. , Chan , C. , Wang , X. , Zou , S. , Chan , L. Y. and Blake , D. 2005 . Volatile organic compounds in 43 Chinese cities . Atmos. Environ. , 39 : 5979 – 5990 .
  • Wang , T. , Guo , H. , Blake , D. R. , Kwok , Y. H. , Simpson , I. J. and Li , Y. S. 2005 . Measurements of trace gases in the inflow of South China sea background air and outflow of regional pollution at Tai O, Southern China . J. Atmos. Chem. , 52 : 295 – 317 .
  • Petrea , D. M.V. 2007 . “ Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) from vehicular traffic in Europe ” . University of Wuppertal . Thesis
  • Na , K. , Moon , K. C. and Kim , Y. P. 2002 . Seasonal variation of the C2–C9 hydrocarbons concentrations and compositions emitted from motor vehicles in a Seoul tunnel . Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 1969 – 1978 .
  • Gee , I. L. and Sollars , C. J. 1998 . Ambient air levels of volatile organic compounds in Latin American and Asian cities . Chemosphere , 36 : 2497 – 2506 .
  • Lohmann , R. and Lammel , G. 2004 . Adsorptive and absorptive contributions to the gas particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: State of knowledge and recommended parameterization for modelling . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 : 3793 – 3803 .
  • Rajput , N. and Lakhani , A. 2009 . Measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at an industrial site in India . Environ. Monitor. Assess. , 150 : 273 – 284 .
  • Martinis , B. S. , Okamoto , R. , Kado , N. Y. , Gundel , L. A. and Carvalho , L. R.F. 2002 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a bioassay- fractionated extract of PM10 collected in Sao Paulo . Brazil. Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 307 – 314 .
  • World Health Organization . 1998 . Selected non heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , 20 – 21 . WHO, Environmental Health Criteria .
  • Li , C. K. and Kamens , R. M. 1993 . The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as source signatures in receptor modeling . Atmos. Environ. , 27A : 523 – 532 .
  • Kavouras , I. G. and Stephanou , E. G. 2002 . Gas/particle partitioning and size distribution of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols in public buildings . Indoor Air (Denmark) , 12 : 17 – 32 .
  • Ravindra , K. , Wauters , E. and Grieken , R. V. 2008 . Variation in particulate PAHs levels and their relation with the transboundary movement of the air masses . Sci. Total Environ. , 396 : 100 – 110 .
  • Yang , H. H. , Lee , W. J. , Chen , S. J. and Lai , S. O. 1998 . PAH emission from various industrial stacks . J. Hazard. Mater. , 60 : 159 – 174 .
  • Pio , C. A. , Alves , C. A. and Duarte , A. C. 2001 . Identification, abundance and origin of atmospheric organic particulate matter in a Portuguese rural area . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 1365 – 1375 .
  • Sienra , M. D.L. , Nelson , T. , Rosazzab , G. and Prendez , M. 2005 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular diagnostic ratios in urban atmospheric respirable particulate matter . Atmos. Res. , 75 : 267 – 281 .
  • Kavouras , I. G. , Koutrakis , P. , Tsapakis , M. , Lagoudaki , E. , Stephanou , E. G. , Von Baer , D. and Oyola , P. 2001 . Source apportionment of urban particulate aliphatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using multivariate methods . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 35 : 2288 – 2294 .
  • Yunker , M. B. , Macdonald , R. W. , Vingarzen , R. , Mitchell , R. H. , Goyette , D. and Sylvestre , S. 2002 . PAHs in the Fraser river basin: A critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition . Org. Geochem. , 33 : 489 – 515 .
  • Khalili , N. R. , Scheff , P. A. and Holsen , T. W. 1995 . PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens, diesel and gasoline engines, highway tunnels, and wood combustion emissions . Atmos. Environ. , 29 : 533 – 542 .
  • Tanaka , N. and Sakata , M. 1999 . “ Source estimation of atmospheric trace organic compounds. Proposal of source estimation method using new tracers of fossil fuel combustion ” . Tokyo : Central Research Institute of Electric power Industry . CRIEPI Report No- T98023
  • Zheng , J. , Richardson , B. J. , Shouming , O. and Zheng , J. 2004 . Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in marine environment of China . Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. , 22 : 136 – 145 .
  • Halek , F. , Kianpour-rad , M. and Kavousi , A. 2008 . Characterization and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air (Tehran, Iran) . Environ. Chem. Lett. , 8 : 39 – 44 .
  • Fang , G. C. , Wu , Y. S. , Chen , M. H. , Ho , T. T. , Huang , S. H. and Rau , J. Y. 2004 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons study in Taichung, Taiwan, during 2002–2003 . Atmos. Environ. , 38 : 3385 – 3391 .
  • Kalaitzoglou , M. , Terzi , E. and Samara , C. 2004 . Patterns and sources of particle-phase aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural sites of western Greece . Atmos. Environ. , 38 : 2545 – 2560 .
  • Ravindra , K. , Bencs , L. , Wauters , E. , de Hoog , J. , Deutsch , F. , Roekens , E. , Bleux , N. , Bergmans , P. and Van Grieken , R. 2006 . Seasonal and site specific variation in vapor and aerosol phase PAHs over Flanders (Belgium) and their relation with anthropogenic activities . Atmos. Environ. , 40 : 771 – 785 .
  • Ravindra , K. , Wauters , E. , Taygi , S. K. , Mor , S. and Van Grieken , R. 2006 . Assessment of air quality after the implementation of CNG as fuel in public transport in Delhi . India. Environ. Monitor. Assess. , 115 : 405 – 417 .
  • Zhang , X. L. , Tao , S. , Liu , W. X. , Yang , Y. , Zuo , Q. and Liu , S. Z. 2005 . Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on species ratios. A multimedia approach . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 9109 – 9114 .
  • Cereceda-Balic , F. , Gramsch , E. , Von Baer , D. and Oyola , P. 2002 . Long time PAH monitoring in atmospheric samples of Santiago de Chile . Contribución symposium EUROTRAC 2002—transport and chemical transformation in the troposphere
  • Alves , C. , Pio , C. and Duarte , A. 2001 . Composition of extractable organic matter of air particles from rural and urban Portuguese area . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 5485 – 5496 .
  • Smith , S. , Stribley , F. T. , Milligan , P. and Barratt , B. 2001 . Factors influencing measurements of PM10 during 1995–1997 in London . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 4651 – 4662 .
  • Beslic , I. , Sega , K. , Sisovic , A. and Klaic , Z. B. 2005 . PM10, CO and NO x concentrations in the Tuhobic road tunnel, Croatia . Int. J. Environ. Pollut. , 25 : 251 – 262 .
  • Lim , M. C.H. , Ayoko , G. A. , Morawska , L. , Ristovski , Z. D. and Jayaratne , E. R. 2005 . Effect of fuel composition and engine operating conditions on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from a fleet of heavy-duty diesel buses . Atmos. Environ. , 39 : 7836 – 7848 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.