References
- Li , L. , Xu , Z. , Wu , J. and Tian , G. 2010 . Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the earthworm Eisenia fetida in relation to bioavailable metal concentrations in pig manure . Bioresour. Technol. , 101 : 3430 – 3436 . (doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.085)
- Chen , S. Y. and Lin , J. G. 2004 . Bioleaching of heavy metals from livestock sludge by indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria: Effects of sludge solids concentration . Chemosphere , 54 : 283 – 289 . (doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.009)
- Berenguer , P. , Santiveri , F. , Boixadera , J. and Lloveras , J. 2008 . Fertilisation of irrigated maize with pig slurry combined with mineral nitrogen . Eur. J. Agron. , 28 : 635 – 645 . (doi:10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.010)
- Marcato , C. E. , Pinelli , E. , Pouech , P. , Winterton , P. and Guiresse , M. 2008 . Particle size and metal distributions in anaerobically digested pig slurry . Bioresour. Technol. , 99 : 2340 – 2348 . (doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.013)
- Cang , L. , Wang , Y. J. , Zhou , D. M. and Dong , Y. H. 2004 . Heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province, China . J. Environ. Sci. , 16 : 371 – 374 .
- Nicholson , F. A. , Chambers , B. J. , Williams , J. R. and Unwin , R. J. 1999 . Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales . Bioresour. Technol. , 70 : 23 – 31 . (doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00017-6)
- Donahue , R. L. 1997 . An introduction to soils and plant growth , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
- Bolan , N. S. , Adriano , D. C. and Mahimairaja , S. 2004 . Distribution and bioavailability of trace elements in livestock and poultry manure by-products . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 34 : 291 – 338 . (doi:10.1080/10643380490434128)
- Zhou , D. M. , Hao , X. Z. , Wang , Y. J. , Dong , Y. H. and Cang , D. 2005 . Copper and Zn uptake by radish and pakchoi as affected by application of livestock and poultry manures . Chemosphere , 59 : 167 – 175 . (doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.008)
- Guerra-Rodriguez , E. , Alonsob , J. , Melgar , M. J. and Vazquez , M. 2006 . Evaluation of heavy metal contents in co-composts of poultry manure with barley wastes or chestnut burr/leaf litter . Chemosphere , 65 : 1801 – 1805 . (doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.023)
- Ehrlich , H. L. 2001 . Past, present and future of biohydrometallurgy . Hydrometallurgy , 59 : 127 – 137 . (doi:10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00165-1)
- Brierley , J. A. and Brierley , C. L. 2001 . Present and future commercial applications of biohydrometallurgy . Hydrometallurgy , 59 : 127 – 134 . (doi:10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00165-1)
- Ehrlich , H. L. 2004 . Beginnings of rational bioleaching and highlights in the development of biohydrometallurgy: A brief history . Eur. J. Mineral Proc. Environ. Prot. , 4 : 102 – 112 .
- Olson , G. J. , Brierley , J. A. and Brierley , C. L. 2003 . Bioleaching review part B: Progress in bioleaching: Applications of microbial processes by the minerals industries . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 63 : 249 – 257 . (doi:10.1007/s00253-003-1404-6)
- Deveci , H. , Akcil , A. and Alp , I. 2004 . Bioleaching of complex zinc sulphides using mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria: Comparative importance of pH and iron . Hydrometallurgy , 73 : 293 – 303 . (doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.12.001)
- Tichy , R. , Rulkens , W. H. , Grotenhuis , J. T.C. , Nydl , V. , Cuypers , C. and Fajtl , J. 1998 . Bioleaching of metals from soils or sediments . Water Sci. Technol. , 37 : 119 – 127 . (doi:10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00242-X)
- Chen , S. Y. and Lin , J. G. 2000 . Factors affecting bioleaching of metal contaminated sediment with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria . Water Sci. Technol. , 41 : 263 – 270 .
- Chen , S. Y. and Lin , J. G. 2001 . Bioleaching of heavy metals from sediment: Significance of pH . Chemosphere , 44 : 1093 – 1102 . (doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00334-9)
- Wong , J. W.C. , Fang , M. and Chan , L. C. 2002 . pH requirement for the bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested wastewater sludge . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 138 : 25 – 35 . (doi:10.1023/A:1015503828607)
- Zhou , L. X. , Fang , D. , Wang , S. M. , Wong , J. W.C. and Wang , D. Z. 2005 . Bioleaching of Cr from tannery sludge: The effects of initial acid addition and recycling of acidified bioleached sludge . Environ. Technol. , 26 : 277 – 284 . (doi:10.1080/09593332608618558)
- Zhou , S. G. , Zhou , L. X. , Wang , S. M. and Fang , D. 2006 . Removal of Cr from tannery sludge by bioleaching method . J. Environ. Sci. , 18 : 885 – 890 . (doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(06)60009-0)
- Fang , D. and Zhou , L. X. 2007 . Enhanced Cr bioleaching efficiency from tannery sludge with coinoculation of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TS6 and Brettanomyces B65 in an air-lift reactor . Chemosphere , 69 : 303 – 310 . (doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.059)
- Rawlings , D. E. 2004 . Microbially assisted dissolution of minerals and its use in the mining industry . Pure Appl. Chem. , 76 : 847 – 859 . (doi:10.1351/pac200476040847)
- Akcil , A. , Ciftci , H. and Deveci , H. 2007 . Role and contribution of pure and mixed cultures of mesophiles in bioleaching of a pyritic chalcopyrite concentrate . Miner. Eng. , 20 : 310 – 318 . (doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2006.10.016)
- Akcil , A. and Deveci , H. 2010 . “ Mineral biotechnology of sulphides ” . In Geomicrobiology , Edited by: Jain , S. , Khan , A. and Rai , M. K. 101 – 137 . Enfield , NH : Science Publishers . (Chapter 4).
- Tyagi , R. D. , Blais , J. F. , Auclair , J. C. and Meunier , N. 1993 . Bacterial leaching of toxic metals from municipal sludge: Influence of sludge characteristics . Water Environ. Res. , 65 : 196 – 204 . (doi:10.2175/WER.65.3.2)
- Chan , L. C. , Gu , X. Y. and Wong , J. W.C. 2003 . Comparison of bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge using iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria . Adv. Environ. Res. , 7 : 603 – 607 . (doi:10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00050-3)
- Blais , J. F. 2001 . Class a pathogen reduction in the SSDML process . Pract. Period. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste Manage. , 5 : 48 – 57 . (doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(2001)5:2(48))
- Curutchet , G. , Tedesco , P. and Donati , E. 1996 . Combined degradation of covellite by Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans . Biotechnol. Lett. , 18 : 1471 – 1476 . (doi:10.1007/BF00129357)
- Song , X. W. and Zhou , L. X. 2008 . The influence of bioleaching on dewaterability of municipal sewage sludge . Acta Sci. Circumstantiae , 28 : 2012 – 2017 .
- Pathak , A. , Dastidar , M. G. and Sreekrishnan , T. R. 2009 . Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge: A review . J. Environ. Manage. , 90 : 2343 – 2353 . (doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.11.005)
- Jensen , A. B. and Webb , C. 1995 . Ferrous sulfate oxidation using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: A review . Process Biochem. , 30 : 225 – 236 .
- Tutlle , J. H. and Dugan , P. R. 1976 . Inhibition of growth, and sulfur oxidation in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans by simple organic compounds . Can. J. Microbiol. , 22 : 719 – 730 . (doi:10.1139/m76-105)
- Fang , D. and Zhou , L. X. 2006 . Effect of sludge dissolved organic matter on oxidation of ferrous iron and sulfur by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 171 : 81 – 94 . (doi:10.1007/s11270-005-9014-9)
- Gu , X. Y. and Wong , J. W.C. 2004 . Enhanced heavy metal bioleaching efficiencies from anaerobically digested sewage sludge with coinoculation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ANYL-1 and Blastoschizomyces capitatus Y5 . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 : 83 – 89 .
- Gu , X. Y. and Wong , J. W.C. 2007 . Degradation of inhibitory substances by heterotrophic microorganisms during bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge . Chemosphere , 69 : 311 – 318 . (doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.047)
- Fournier , D. , Lemieux , R. and Couillard , D. 1998 . Essential interactions between Thiobacollus ferrooxidans and heterotrophic microorganisms during a wastewater sludge bioleaching process . Environ. Pollut. , 101 : 303 – 309 . (doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00035-9)
- Zheng , G. Y. , Zhou , L. X. and Wang , S. M. 2009 . An acid-tolerant heterotrophic microorganism role in improving tannery sludge bioleaching conducted in successive multibatch reaction systems . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 43 : 4151 – 4156 . (doi:10.1021/es803062r)
- Wang , S. M. , Zheng , G. Y. and Zhou , L. X. 2010 . Heterotrophic microorganism Rhodotorula mucilaginosa R30 improves tannery sludge bioleaching through elevating dissolved CO2 and extracellular polymeric substances levels in bioleaching solution as well as scavenging toxic DOM to Acidithiobacillus species . Water Res. , 44 : 5423 – 5431 . (doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.055)
- APHA, AWWA, and WEF . 2005 . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater , 21 , Washington , DC : American Public Health Association .
- Takamatsu , S. , Hiata , T. and Sato , Y. 1998 . Phylogenetic analysis and predicted secondary structures of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae) . Myco. , 39 : 441 – 453 . (doi:10.1007/BF02460905)
- Wuczkowski , M. , Bond , C. and Prillinger , H. 2006 . Geotrichum vulgare sp. nov., a novel asexual arthroconidial yeast . Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. , 56 : 301 – 303 . (doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63671-0)
- Sterflinger , K. and Prillinger , H. 2001 . Molecular taxonomy and biodiversity of rock fungal communities in an urban environment (Vienna, Austria) . Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek , 80 : 275 – 286 . (doi:10.1023/A:1013060308809)
- White , T. J. , Bruns , T. , Lee , S. and Taylor , T. 1990 . “ Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics ” . In PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications , Edited by: Innis , M. A. , Gelfand , H. , Sninsky , J. S. and White , T. J. 315 – 322 . New York : Academic Press .
- Lu , H. Z. , Jia , J. H. , Wang , Q. M. and Bai , F. Y. 2004 . Candida asparagi sp.nov., Candida diospyri sp. nov., and Candida qinlingensis sp. nov., novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species . Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. , 54 : 1409 – 1414 . (doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03055-0)
- Thompson , J. D. , Gibson , T. J. , Plewniak , F. , Jeanmougin , F. and Higgins , D. G. 1997 . The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: Exible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools . Nucleic Acid Res. , 25 : 4876 – 4882 . (doi:10.1093/nar/25.24.4876)
- Kimura , C. P. 1980 . A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences . J. Mol. Evol. , 16 : 111 – 120 . (doi:10.1007/BF01731581)
- Felsenstein , J. 1985 . Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap . Evolution , 39 : 783 – 791 . (doi:10.2307/2408678)
- Liao , Y. H. , Zhou , L. X. , Bai , S. Y. , Liang , J. R. and Wang , S. M. 2009 . Occurrence of biogenic schwertmannite in sludge bioleaching environments and its adverse effect on solubilization of sludge-borne metals . Appl. Geochem. , 24 : 1739 – 1746 . (doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.05.003)
- Liao , Y. H. , Zhou , L. X. , Liang , J. R. and Xiong , H. X. 2009 . Biosynthesis of schwertmannite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cell suspensions under different pH condition . Mater. Sci. Eng., C. , 29 : 211 – 215 . (doi:10.1016/j.msec.2008.06.011)
- Zhou , S. G. , Zhou , L. X. and Fang , D. 2008 . Enhancing metal removal by co-addition of Fe2+ and S0 as substrates of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for sewage sludge bioleaching . Pract. Period. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste Manage. , 12 : 159 – 164 . (doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(2008)12:3(159))
- State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding of People's Republic of China, 2001.
- Couillard , D. and Mercier , G. 1991 . Optimum residence time (in CSTR and air lift reactor) for bacterial leaching of metals from anaerobic sewage sludge . Water Res. , 25 : 211 – 218 . (doi:10.1016/0043-1354(91)90031-K)
- Wong , J. W.C. , Xiang , L. , Gu , X. Y. and Zhou , L. X. 2004 . Bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge using FeS2 as an energy source . Chemosphere , 55 : 101 – 107 . (doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.11.022)