Characterization of the pyrolytic solid derived from used disposable diapers

References

• Colón J, Ruggieri L, Sánchez A, González A, Puig I. Possibilities of composting disposable diapers with municipal solid wastes. Waste Manag Res. 2011;29:249–259. doi:10.1177/0734242X10364684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Japan Hygiene Products Industry Association (JHPIA). Statistics. Accessed 12 November 2012, Available from: http://www.jhpia.or.jp/site_en/statistics/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Cofie OO, Kranjac-Berisavljevic G, Drechsel P. The use of human waste for peri-urban agriculture in Northern Ghana. Renew Agr Food Syst. 2005;20(2):73–80. doi:10.1079/RAF200491
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss M. Human waste (excreta and wastewater) reuse. Contribution to ETC/SIDA, Bibliography on Urban Agriculture. EAWAG/SANDEC, Duebendorf, Switzerland, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Shinogi Y, Kanri Y. Pyrolysis of plant, animal and human waste: physical and chemical characterization of the pyrolytic products. Bioresour Technol. 2003;90:241–247. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00147-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannidou O, Zabaniotou A. Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production: a review. Renew Sust Eng Rev. 2007;11:1966–2005. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2006.03.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh TK, Choi BS, Shinogi Y, Chikushi J. Effect of pH conditions on actual and apparent fluoride adsorption by biochar in aqueous phase. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2012;223:3729–3738. doi:10.1007/s11270-012-1144-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh B, Singh BP, Cowie AL. Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment. Aust J Soil Res. 2010;48:516–525. doi:10.1071/SR10058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann J, Joseph S. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S, editors. Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. London, UK: Earthscan Ltd; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Bray RG, Kurtz LT. Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci. 1945;59:39–45. doi:10.1097/00010694-194501000-00006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schollenberger CJ, Simon RH. Determination of exchange capacity and exchangeable bases in soil-ammonium acetate method. Soil Sci. 1945;59:13–24. doi:10.1097/00010694-194501000-00004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak JK, Lima I, Xing B, Gaskin JW, Steiner C, Das KC, Ahmedna M, Rehrah D, Watts DW, Busscher WJ, Schomber H. Characterization of designer biochar produced at different temperatures and their effects on a loamy sand. Annals of Environ Sci. 2009;3:195–206.
   Google Scholar
• Ohtsu Y, Yamada R, Urasaki H, Misawa T, Popescu S, Fujita H. Development of a novel hybrid microwave-heater reactor for paper-based waste treatment. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage. 2010;12:25–29. doi:10.1007/s10163-009-0259-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas HD, MacKenzie MD, Micheal JG. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations. Chapter 14. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S, editors. Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. London, UK: Earthscan; 2009. p. 251–270.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal – a review. Biol Fertile Soils. 2002;35:219–230. doi:10.1007/s00374-002-0466-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez L, Salazar P, Preston TR. Effect of biochar and biodigester effluent on growth of maize in acid soils. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2009;21, Accessed 12 November 2012. Available from: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/7/rodr21110.htm
   Google Scholar
• Lickacz J. Wood ash – an alternative liming material for agricultural soils. Pulse and oilseed unit, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development. (2002) Accessed 12 November 2012. Available from: http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$Department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex3435
   Google Scholar
• Uras U. Biochar from vacuum pyrolysis of agricultural residue: characterisation and its applications. Thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch; 2011. p. 114.
   Google Scholar
• Oh TK, Shinogi Y, Chikushi J, Lee YH, Choi BS. Effect of aqueous extract of biochar on germination and seedling growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).. J Fac Agr, Kyushu Univ. 2012;57(1):55–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagreev A, Bandosz TJ, Locke DC. Pore structure and surface chemistry of adsorbents obtained by pyrolysis of sewage derived fertilizer. Carbon. 2001;39:1971–1979. doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00026-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain MK, Strezov V, Chan KY, Ziolkowski A, Nelson PF. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient properties wastewater sludge biochar. J Environ Manage. 2011;92:223–228. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, Kinyangi J, Grossman J, O'Neill B, Skjemstad JO, Thies J, Luizao FJ, Petersen J, Neves EG. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 2006;70:1719–1730. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odu CTI, Nwoboshi LC, Esuruoso OF. Environmental studies (soils and vegetation) of the Nigerian Agip Oil company operation areas. In: Proceedings of International Seminar on the Petroleum Industry and the Nigerian Environment, NNPC, Lagos, Nigeria; 1985. p. 274–283.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng CH, Lehmann J, Engelhard MH. Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 2008;72:1598–1610. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krull ES, Baldock JA, Skjemstad JO, Smernik RJ. Characteristics of biochar: organo-chemical properties. Chapter 4. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S. editors. Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. London, UK: Earthscan; 2009. p. 53–65.
   Google Scholar
• Antal MJJr., Grønli M. The art, science, and technology of charcoal production. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2003;42:1619–1640. doi:10.1021/ie0207919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deenik JL, Uehara G, Sumiyoshi Y, Sidibe A, McClellan A, Antal M. Charcoal volatile matter content and its effects on plant growth and biological properties of an infertile tropical soil. In: Agronomy abstracts. Madison, WI: ASA; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Lehmann J, Czimczik C, LairdD, Sohi S. Stability of biochar in the soil. Chapter 11. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S, editors. Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. London, UK: Earthscan; 2009. p. 183–205.
   Google Scholar
• Ganrot Z, Dave G, Nilsson E. Recovery of N and P from human urine by freezing, struvite precipitation and adsorption to zeolite and active carbon. Bioresour Technol. 2007;98:3112–3121. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridle TR, Pritchard D. Energy and nutrient recovery from sewage sludge via pyrolysis. Water Sci Technol. 2004;50:169–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JH, Choppala GK, Bolan NS, Chung JW, Chuasavathi T. Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals. Plant Soil. 2011;348:439–451. doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özçimen D, Ersoy-Meriçboyu A. Characterization of biochar and bio-oil samples obtained from carbonization of various biomass materials. Renew Energy. 2010;35:1319–1324. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2009.11.042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar