1,008
Views
70
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Evaluating the impact of LED bulb development on the economic viability of ultraviolet technology for disinfection

, , &
Pages 400-406 | Received 08 Apr 2013, Accepted 25 Jul 2013, Published online: 23 Sep 2013

References

  • Crawford MH, Banas MA, Ross MP, Ruby DS, Nelson JS, Boucher R, Allerman AA. Final LDRD report: ultraviolet water purification systems for rural environments and mobile applications. Mexico and California: Sandia National Laboratories, 2005. (SAND2005-7245).
  • Bowker C, Sain A, Shatalov M, Ducoste J. Microbial UV fluence-response assessment using a novel UV-LED collimated beam system. Water Res. 2011;45:2011–2019. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.005
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency, Ultraviolet disinfection guidance manual for the final long term 2 enhanced surface water treatment rule. Washington (DC): Office of Water; 2006. (EPA/815/R-06/007).
  • Drinking Water Inspectorate, Guidance on the use of Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for the disinfection of public water supplies, Issue no. 1, London, 2010 [cited 2013 Aug 29]. Available from: http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/stakeholders/guidance-and-codes-of-practice/index.htm.
  • Dore MHI, Khaleghi-Moghadam A, Singh RG, Achari G. Cost and the choice of drinking water treatment technology in small and rural systems, Res'Eau-Waternet Project 4.2-DORE [cited 2013 May 24]. Available from: www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/waterres
  • Chatterley C. Demonstration and evaluation of germicidal UV-LEDs for point-of-use water disinfection. J Water Health. 2010;8:479–486. doi: 10.2166/wh.2010.124
  • Würtele MA, Kolbe T, Lipsz M, Külberg A, Weyers M, Kneissel M, Jekel M. Application of GaN-based ultraviolet-c light emitting diodes – UV-LEDs – for water disinfection. Water Res. 2011;45:1481–1489. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.015
  • Crook MJ. A comparative study into disinfection efficiency of traditional UV & UV-LEDs [MSc thesis]. Cranfield: Cranfield University; 2011.
  • Vilhunen S, Puton J, Virkutyte J, Sillanpää M. Efficiency of hydroxyl radical formation and phenol decomposition using UV light emitting diodes and H2O2. Environ Technol. 2011;32:865–872. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2010.516770
  • Jo W-K. Purification of aromatic hydrocarbons via fibrous activated carbon/photocatalytic composite coupled with UV light-emitting diodes. Environ Technol. 2013;34:1175–1181. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2012.743591
  • LED Magazine. 2010 [cited 2013 Apr 29]. Available from: http://ledsmagazine.com/features/1/1/10
  • Dupuis RD. History, development and applications of high-brightness visible light-emitting diodes. J Lightwave Technol. 2008;26:1154–1171. doi: 10.1109/JLT.2008.923628
  • Steele RV. The story of a new light source. Nature Photonics. 2007;1:25–26. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2006.44
  • Bettles T, Schujman S, Smart JA, Liu W, Schowalter L. UV light emitting diodes – their applications and benefits. IUVA News. 2007;9:11–15.
  • Remaking Cities Institute, LED Street Light Research Project. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University, 2011; [cited 2012 May 21]. Available from: SSRN. http://www.cmu.edu/rci/images/projects/led-updated-web-report.pdf
  • E.ON demonstrates LED advantage for commercial lighting, LED Magazine. 2012 [cited 2012 Jun 25]. Available from: SSRN: http://ledsmagazine.com/news/9/3/25
  • GE LED lighting upgrade saves $120,000 annually at Marriott headquarters, LED Magazine. 2012 [cited 2012 Jun 20]. Available from: SSRN: http://ledsmagazine.com/news/9/4/9
  • McDermott SL, Walsh JE, Howard RG. A comparison of the emission characteristics of UV-LEDs and fluorescent lamps for polymerisation applications. Opt Laser Technol. 2008;40:487–493. doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2007.07.013
  • Sensor Electronic Technology, Inc., Sensor Electronic Technology, Inc. reaches milestone UVC LED efficiencies of over 10%, bringing consumer disinfection markets within reach. 2012 [cited 2012 May 17]. Available from: SSRN: http://www.s-et.com/news/2012-04-23.pdf
  • Cooke M. Deep UV LED efficiency reaches 3%. Semiconductor Today. 2010;5:86–87.
  • Sahara R. UV LED Lens Technology. Radtech [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2012 June 20]; e5. Available from: SSRN: http://www.clearstonetech.com/files/lens_array_paper_080225.pdf
  • Press-wire, M2 Communications Ltd, UV LED Market. 2009 [cited 2012 May 17]. Available from: SSRN: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/67735873/Research-and-Markets-Adds-Report-UV-LED-Market-2009
  • Roussel P. UV LED market report. Lyon: Yole Development; 2008.
  • Pars M, Roussel P. UV LED market – a comprehensive survey on UV LED and related AlN substrates & epiwafers. Lyon: Yole Development; 2012.
  • Vilhunen S, Särkkä H, Sillanpää M. Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes in water disinfection. Environ Sci Poll Res. 2009;16:439–442. doi: 10.1007/s11356-009-0103-y
  • Choi SK, Kim SW, Park DW, Kil GS, Choi CY. Disinfection of phytoplankton by application of UV LED. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Maritime and Naval Science and Engineering; 2010; Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania. p. 87–91.
  • Hamamoto A, Mori M, Takahashi A, Nakano M, Wakikawa N, Akutagawa M, Ikehara T, Nakaya Y, Kinouchi Y. New water disinfection system using UVA light emitting diodes. J Appl Microbiol. 2007;103:2291–2298. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03464.x
  • OFWAT. Water efficiency initiatives – good practice register water and sewerage companies (England and Wales). 2007 [cited 2012 May 17]. Available from: SSRN: http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/regulating/reporting/gud_pro_goodpractreg.pdf
  • Al-Barim K, Kaemmerer S, Kanigowski U, Webb R. Communication with sales and product development team. Xylem Water Solutions, 2012.
  • Bolton JR, Cotton CA. The ultraviolet disinfection handbook. 1st ed. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, Glacier Publishing Services Inc.; 2008.
  • Mamane-Gravetz H, Linden KG, Cabaj A, Sommer R. Spectral sensitivity of bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 coliphage for validation testing of ultraviolet reactors for water disinfection. Environ Sci Technol. 2005;30: 7845–7852.
  • Chen RZ, Craik SA, Bolton JR. Comparison of the action spectra and relative DNA absorbance spectra of microorganisms: information important for the determination of germicidal fluence (UV dose) in an ultraviolet disinfection of water. Water Res. 2009;43:5087–5096. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.032
  • Chatterley C. UV-LED irradiation technology for point-of-use water disinfection in developing communities, Boulder, CO: University of Colorado; 2009.
  • Linden KG, Shin GA, Faubert G, Cairns W, Sobsey MD. UV disinfection of Giardia lamblia cysts in water. Environ Sci Technol. 2002;36:2519–2522. doi: 10.1021/es0113403
  • EDF Business Tariffs. 2012 [cited 2012 May 21]. Available from: SSRN: http://www.businesselectricityprices.com/edf_tariffs.php and http://www.edfenergy.com/products-services/
  • Adivaran V, Heidari A, Zhang B, Fareed Q, Hwang S, Islam M, Khan A. 280nm deep ultraviolet light emitting diode lamp with an AlGaN multiple quantum well active region. Appl Phys Express. 2009;2.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.