232
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Characterization of the products attained from a thermal treatment of a mix of zinc–carbon and alkaline batteries

, , , , &
Pages 1490-1500 | Received 01 Jun 2015, Accepted 08 Nov 2015, Published online: 04 Jan 2016

References

  • Kierkegaard S. EU battery directive, charging up the batteries: squeezing more capacity and power into the new EU battery directive. Comput Law Secur Rev. 2007;23:357–364. doi: 10.1016/j.clsr.2007.05.001
  • Fan H-J, Shu H-Y, Yang H-S, Chen W-C. Characteristics of landfill leachates in central Taiwan. Sci Total Env. 2006;361:25–37. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.033
  • Muzi A. Collection of spent batteries in Rome. J Power Sour. 1995;57:19–21. doi: 10.1016/0378-7753(95)02232-5
  • European Portable Battery Association. Study on behalf of the European Portable Battery Association (EPBA): the collection of waste portable batteries in Europe in view of the achievability of the collection targets set by Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC; 2013.
  • Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. The scope of container and dry battery vendors, the regulated recyclable waste container or waste battery items, and the resource recycling facilities that vendors are required to install, Waste/Waste Disposal: 0870012612; 1998.
  • Recycling Fund Management Board in Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Statistical data of batteries usage in waste management annual report; 2014.
  • Xiaoli C, Shimaoka T, Xianyan C, Qiang G, Youcai Z. Characteristics and mobility of heavy metals in an MSW landfill: implications in risk assessment and reclamation. J Hazard Mater. 2007;144:485–491. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.056
  • Karnchanawong S, Limpiteeprakan P. Evaluation of heavy metal leaching from spent household batteries disposed in municipal solid waste. Waste Manage. 2009;29:550–558. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.03.018
  • Linden D. Handbook of batteries. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.; 2001.
  • Sayilgan E, Kukrer T, Civelekoglu G, et al. A review of technologies for the recovery of metals from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries. Hydrometallurgy. 2009;97:158–166. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.02.008
  • Gabal MA, Al-luhaibi RS, Angari YMA. Recycling spent zinc–carbon batteries through synthesizing nano-crystalline Mn–Zn ferrites. Powder Technol. 2014;258:32–37. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.03.003
  • Gallegos MV, Falco LR, Peluso MA, Sambeth JE, Thomas HJ. Recovery of manganese oxides from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries. An application as catalysts for VOCs elimination. Waste Manage. 2013;33:1483–1490. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.03.006
  • Ruffino B, Zanetti MC, Marini P. A mechanical pre-treatment process for the valorization of useful fractions from spent batteries. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2011;55:309–315. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.10.002
  • Buzatu T, Popescu G, Birloaga L, Saceanu S. Study concerning the recovery of zinc and manganese from spent batteries by hydrometallurgical processes. Waste Manage. 2013;33:699–705. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.10.005
  • Buzatu M, Saceanu S, Petrescu MI, Ghica GV, Buzatu T. Recovery of zinc and manganese from spent batteries by reductive leaching in acidic media. J Power Sour. 2014;247:612–617. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.001
  • Sayilgan E, Kukrer T, Yigit NO, Civelekoglu G, Kitis M. Acidic leaching and precipitation of zinc and manganese from spent battery powders using various reductants. J Hazard Mater. 2010;173:137–143. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.063
  • Belardi G, Lavecchia R, Medici F, Piga L. Thermal treatment for recovery of manganese and zinc from zinc–carbon and alkaline spent batteries. Waste Manage. 2012;32:1945–1951. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.008
  • Belardi G, Medici F, Piga L. Influence of gaseous atmosphere during a thermal process for recovery of manganese and zinc from spent batteries. J Power Sour. 2014;248:1290–1298. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.10.064
  • Kuo YM, Chang JE, Jin CH, Lin JY, Chang-Chien GP. Vitrification for reclaiming spent alkaline batteries. Waste Manage. 2009; 29:2132–2139. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.01.008
  • Kuo YM, Wang JW, Chao HR, Wang CT, Chang-Chien GP. Effect of cooling rate and basicity during vitrification of fly ash. Part 2: on the chemical stability and acid resistance of slags. J Hazard Mater. 2008;152:554–562. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.017
  • Sengupta P. A review on immobilization of phosphate containing high level nuclear wastes within glass matrix – present status and future challenges. J Hazard Mater. 2012;235–236:17–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.039
  • Huang R, Huang KL, Lin ZY, Wang JW, Lin C, Kuo YM. Recovery of valuable metals from electroplating sludge with reducing additives via vitrification. J Environ Manage. 2013;129:586–592. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.019
  • Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Standard method of detection of heavy metals in outlet line: NIEA A302.72C; 2006.
  • Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Standard method for analyzing heavy metals in extracts from industrial waste acid digestion with microwave. NIEA R317.10C; 2002.
  • Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure: NIEA R201.14C, 2009.
  • Chen CY, Lan GS, Tuan WH. Preparation of mullite by the reaction sintering of kaolinite and alumina. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2000;20:2519–2525. doi: 10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00125-4
  • Kuo YM. Role of Na ions in the vitrification process: glass matrix modification, slag structure depolymerization, and influence of metal immobilization. J Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2014;64:774–784. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2014.884026
  • Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Standards for defining hazardous waste, Waste/Waste Disposal: 0950098457; 2006.
  • Zhou J, Shu Z, Hub X, Wang Y. Direct utilization of liquid slag from phosphorus-smelting furnace to prepare cast stone as decorative building material. Constr Build Mater. 2010;24:811–817. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.026
  • Lubeck A, Gastaldini ALG, Barin DS, Siqueira HC. Compressive strength and electrical properties of concrete with white Portland cement and blast-furnace slag. Cem Conc Compos. 2012;34:392–399. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.11.017
  • Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Waste incinerator air pollutant emissions standards, Atmospheric Pollution/Air Pollution: 0950101554, 2006.
  • Cooper CD, Alley FC. Air pollution control: a design approach. 4th ed. Long Grove (IL): Waveland Press, Inc.; 2011.
  • Dana JD. The manual of mineral science. 22nd ed. Revised by Klein, C. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2002.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.