Experimental investigation of synthetic gas composition in a two-stage fluidized bed gasification process: effect of activated carbon as bed material

References

• Shehzad A, Bashir MJK, Sethupathi S. System analysis for synthesis gas (syngas) production in Pakistan from municipal solid waste gasification using a circulating fluidized bed gasifier. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2016;60:1302–1311. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez JF, Roman S, Engo G, Encinar JM, Martinez G. Reduction of tars by dolomite cracking during two-stage gasification of olive cake. Biomass Bioenergy. 2011;35:4324–4330. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan Y, Luo S, Liu S, Xiao B, Cai L. Steam catalytic gasification of municipal solid waste for producing tar-free fuel gas. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2009;34:9341–9346. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.09.050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan CA, Akay G. Effect of CaO on tar production and dew point depression during gasification of fuel cane bagasse in a novel downdraft gasifier. Fuel Process Technol. 2013;106:654–660. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.09.061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo S, Xiao B, Guo X, Hu Z, Liu S, He M. Hydrogen-rich gas from catalytic steam gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor: influence of particle size on gasification performance. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2009;34:1260–1264. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.10.088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Barea A, Leckner B. Modeling of biomass gasification in fluidized bed. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 2010;36:444–509. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JW, Mun TY, Kim JO, Kim JS. Air gasification of mixed plastic wastes using a two-stage gasifier for the production of producer gas with low tar and a high caloric value. Fuel. 2011;90:2266–2272. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.02.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karatas H, Olgun H, Engin B, Akgun F. Experimental results of gasification of waste tire with air in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. Fuel. 2013;105:566–571. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammendola P, Chirone R, Ruoppolo G, Russo G. Production of hydrogen from thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane in a fluidized bed reactor. Chem Eng J. 2009;154:287–294. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.03.048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miccio F, Piriou B, Ruoppolo G, Chirone R. Biomass gasification in a catalytic fluidized reactor with beds of different materials. Chem Eng J. 2009;154:369–374. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CL, Chen H. Effect of Cu on the efficiency of a waste gasification process. Energy Fuels. 2014;28:3178–3184. doi: 10.1021/ef500090v
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soni CG, Wang Z, Dalai AK, Pugsley T, Fonstad T. Hydrogen production via gasification of meat and bone meal in two-stage fixed bed reactor system. Fuel. 2009;88:920–925. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.10.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeifer C, Puchner B, Hofbauer H. Comparison of dual fluidized bed steam gasification of biomass with and without selective transport of CO2. Chem Eng Sci. 2009;64:5073–5083. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.08.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppatz S, Pfeifer C, Rauch R, et al. H2 rich product gas by steam gasification of biomass with in situ CO2 absorption in a dual fluidized bed system of 8 MW fuel input. Fuel Process Technol. 2009;90:914–921. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.03.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, He T, Qin J, et al. Gasification of biomass with oxygen-enriched air in a pilot scale two-stage gasifier. Fuel. 2015;150:386–393. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khonde R, Chaurasia A. Rice husk gasification in a two-stage fixed-bed gasifier: production of hydrogen rich syngas and kinetics. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2016;41:8793–8802. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.03.138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wang X. Two-stage high temperature sludge gasification using the waste heat from hot blast furnace slags. Bioresour Technol. 2015;198:364–371. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park Y, Namioka T, Sakamoto S, Min TJ, Roh SA, Yoshikawa K. Optimum operating conditions for a two-stage gasification process fueled by polypropylene by means of continuous reactor over ruthenium catalyst. Fuel Process Technol. 2010;91:951–957. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mun TY, Seon PG, Kim JS. Production of a producer gas from woody waste via air gasification using activated carbon and a two-stage gasifier and characterization of tar. Fuel. 2010;89:3226–3234. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKendry P. Energy production from biomass (part 3): gasification technologies. Bioresour Technol. 2002;83:55–63. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00120-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alauddin ZABZ, Lahijani P, Mohammadi M, Mohamed AR. Gasification of lignocellulosic biomass in fluidized beds for renewable energy development: a review. Renew Sust Energy Rev. 2010;14:2852–2862. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari A, Hunt J, Lita A, Ashley B, Stiegman AE. Microwave-specific effects on the equilibrium constants and thermodynamics of the steam–carbon and related reactions. J Phys Chem C. 2014;118:9346–9356. doi: 10.1021/jp501206n
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Eskridge K, Jones DD, Hanna MA. Steam–air fluidized bed gasification of distillers grains: effects of steam to biomass ratio, equivalence ratio and gasification temperature. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100:2062–2068. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CL, Peng TH, Chen H. Effect of Na and K on gas production during the simulated municipal waste gasification process. Energy Fuels. 2013;27:5307–5312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv PM, Xiong ZH, Chang J, Wu CZ, Chen Y, Zhu JX. An experimental study on biomass air–steam gasification in a fluidized bed. Bioresour Technol. 2004;95:95–101. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li K, Zhang R, Bi J. Experimental study on syngas production by co-gasification of coal and biomass in a fluidized bed. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2010;35:2722–2726. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.04.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arena U, Gregorio FD. Energy generation by air gasification of two industrial plastic wastes in a pilot scale fluidized bed reactor. Energy. 2014;68:735–743. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arena U, Gregorio FD. Fluidized bed gasification of industrial solid recovered fuels. Waste Manage. 2016;50:86–92. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins MJ, Ptasinski KJ, Janssen FJJG. Thermodynamics of gas-char reactions: first and second law analysis. Chem Eng Sci. 2003;58:1003–1011. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00641-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M, Hu Z, Xiao B, Li J, Guo X. Hydrogen-rich gas from catalytic steam gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW): influence of catalyst and temperature on yield and product composition. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2009;34:195–203. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil J, Corella J, Aznar MP, Caballero MA. Biomass gasification in atmospheric and bubbling fluidized bed: effect of the type of gasifying agent on the product distribution. Biomass Bioenergy. 1999;17:389–403. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00055-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Cheng G, You Y, et al. Hydrogen-rich gas production by steam gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) using NiO supported on modified dolomite. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2012;37:6503–6510. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.01.070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corella J, Toledo JM, Molina G. Performance of CaO and MgO for the hot gas clean up in gasification of a chlorine-containing (RDF) feedstock. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:7539–7544. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao J, Liu J, Hofbauer H, et al. Biomass to hydrogen-rich syngas via steam gasification of bio-oil/biochar slurry over LaCo1−xCuxO3 perovskite-type catalysts. Energy Convers Manage. 2016;117:343–350. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.03.043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho MH, Mun TY, Kim JS. Production of low-tar producer gas from air gasification of mixed plastic waste in a two-stage gasifier using olivine combined with activated carbon. Energy. 2013;58:688–694. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.06.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho MH, Mun TY, Kim JS. Air gasification of mixed plastic wastes using calcined dolomite and activated carbon in a two-stage gasifier to reduce tar. Energy. 2013;53:299–305. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.02.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mun TY, Cho MH, Kim JS. Air gasification of dried sewage sludge in a two-stage gasifier. Part 3: application of olivine as a bed material and nickel coated distributor for the production of a clean hydrogen-rich producer gas. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2014;39:5634–5643. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CL, Wey MY, You SD. The effect of particle size distribution on minimum fluidization velocity at high temperature. Powder Technol. 2002;126:297–301. doi: 10.1016/S0032-5910(02)00074-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu ZS, Lin CL, Chang TJ, Weng WC. Waste-gasification efficiency of a two-stage fluidized-bed gasification system. Waste Manage. 2016;48:250–256. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo JH, Lin CL, Wey MY. Effect of agglomeration/defluidization on hydrogen generation during fluidized bed air gasification of modified biomass. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2012;37:1409–1417. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar