Groundnut shell gasification performance in a fluidized bed gasifier with bubbling air as gasification medium

References

• Sethumadhavan R. Experimental investigation on gasification parameters of a co-current flow gasifier with a woody and non-woody loose biomass [dissertation]. Chennai: Anna University; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• FAOSTAT. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation. Available from: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home [cited 2016 Nov 25 at 21:00].
   Google Scholar
• Uslu A, Faaij APC, Bergman PCA. Pre-treatment technologies and their effect on international bioenergy supply chain logistics: techno-economic evaluation of torrefaction, fast pyrolysis and palletisation. Energy. 2008;33:1206–1223. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2008.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold S, Seuring S. Supply chain and logistics issues of bio-energy production. J Clean Prod. 2011;19:32–42. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.08.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoef HAM, Roracher H, Gredinger A, et al. Handbook biomass gasification. Enschede: Biomass technology group; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Natarajan E, Nordin A, Rao AN. Overview of combustion and gasification of rice husk in fluidized bed reactors. Biomass Bioenergy. 1998;14:533–546. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10060-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natarajan E, Oman M, Gabra M, et al. Experimental investigation on fluidized bed gasification of rice husk. Biomass Bioenergy. 1998;12:163–169.
   Google Scholar
• Natarajan E, Sethputhy SB Gasification of groundnut shell. Energ Sourc Part A. 2015;37:980–986. doi: 10.1080/15567036.2011.601791
   Google Scholar
• Narvez I, Orio A, Aznar MP, et al. Biomass gasification with air in an atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed: effects of six operational variables on the quality of produced raw gas. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1996;35:2100–2120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasi CD. Kinetic and heat transfer control in the slow and flash pyrolysis of solids. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1996;35:37–46.
   Google Scholar
• Singh D, Yadav S, Mohanty P. Study of temperature profile in an air bubbling fluidized bed gasifier for rice husk gasification with conventional charcoal as heating medium. International Conference on Advances in Petroleum, Chemical and Energy Challenges (APCEC); 2017. p. 101–108.
   Google Scholar
• Moilanen A, Nasrullah M, Kurukela E. The effect of biomass feedstock type and process parameters on achieving the total carbon conversion in the large scale fluidized bed gasification of biomass. Environ Prog Sust Energy. 2009;28:355–359. doi: 10.1002/ep.10396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanping C, Bin L, Haiping Y, Guolai Y, et al. Experimental investigation of biomass gasification in a fluidized bed reactor. Energy Fuels. 2008;22:3493–3498. doi: 10.1021/ef800180e
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisamaneenatea J, Atongb D, Sornkadeb P, et al. Fuel gas production from peanut shell waste using a modular downdraft gasifier with the thermal integrated unit. Renew Energ. 2015;79:45–50. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.09.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miccio F, Moersch O, Spliethoff H, et al. Generation and conversion of carbonaceous fine particles during bubbling fluidised bed gasification of a biomass fuel. Fuel. 1999;78:1473–1481. doi: 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00044-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Chang J, Zhu LVJ. Novel catalyst for cracking of biomass Tar. Energy Fuels. 2005;19 (1):22–27. doi: 10.1021/ef030116r
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalai AK, Sasaoka E, Hikita H, et al. Catalytic gasification of sawdust derived from various biomass. Energy Fuels. 2003;7:1456–1463. doi: 10.1021/ef030037f
   Google Scholar
• Gusta E, Dalai, AK, Uddin MA, et al. Catalytic decomposition of biomass tars with dolomites. Energy Fuels. 2009;23:2264–2272. doi: 10.1021/ef8009958
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armesto L, Bahillo A, Veijonen K, et al. Combustion behavior of rice husk in a bubbling fluidized bed. Biomass Bioenergy. 2002;23:171–179. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00046-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fryda LE, Panopoulos KD, Kakaras E. Agglomeration in fluidised bed gasification of biomass. Powder Technol. 2008;181 (3):307–320. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.05.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozainee M, Ngo SP, Salema AA, et al. Effect of fluidizing velocity on the combustion of rice husk in a bench-scale fluidized bed combustor for the production of amorphous rice husk ash. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99 (4):703–713. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahijani P, Zainal ZA. Gasification of palm empty fruit bunch in a bubbling fluidized bed: a performance and agglomeration study. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102 (2):2068–2076. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öhman M, Pommer L, Nordin A. Bed agglomeration characteristics and mechanisms during gasification and combustion of biomass fuels. Energy Fuels. 2005;19(4):1742–1748. doi: 10.1021/ef040093w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makwana JP, Joshi AK, Athawale G, et al. Air gasification of rice husk in bubbling fluidized bed reactor with bed heating by conventional charcoal. Bioresour Technol. 2014;178:45–52. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turns SR. An introduction to combustion: concepts and applications. Columbus (OH): McGraw Hill Edu;2002.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez-Barea A, Ollero P, Leckner B. Optimization of char and tar conversion in fluidized bed biomass gasifiers. Fuel. 2013;103:42–52. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.04.042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao R, Zhang M, Jin B, et al. High-temperature air/steam-blown gasification of coal in a pressurized spout-fluid bed. Energy Fuels. 2006;20:715–720. doi: 10.1021/ef050233h
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldheim L, Nilsson T. Heating value of gases from biomass gasification. Report prepared for: IEA bioenergy agreement, Task-20; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Li X, Grace J, Lim C, et al. Biomass gasification in a circulating fluidized bed. Biomass Bioenergy. 2004;26:171–193. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00084-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao Y, Wang Y, Riley R, et al. A novel biomass air gasification process for producing tar-free higher heating value fuel gas. Fuel Process Technol. 2006;87:343–353. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhe A, Aliyu SJ. Gasification of ‘loose’ groundnut shells in a throatless downdraft gasifier. IJRED. 2015;4 (2):125–130. doi: 10.14710/ijred.4.2.125-130
   Google Scholar
• Mansaray K, Ghaly A, Al-Taweel A, et al. Air gasification of rice husk in a dual distributor type fluidized bed gasifier. Biomass Bioenergy. 1999;17:315–332. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00046-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aznar M, Caballero M, Sancho J, et al. Plastic waste elimination by cogasification with coal and biomass in fluidized bed with air in pilot plant. Fuel Process Technol. 2006;87:409–420. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiprasert P, Vitidsant T. Promotion of coconut shell gasification by steam reforming on nickel–dolomite. Appl Sci. 2009;6:332–336.
   Google Scholar
• Micci F, Piriou B, Ruoppolo G, et al. Biomass gasification in a catalytic fluidized reactor with beds of different materials. Chem Eng J. 2009;154:369–374. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar