49
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Isotopic ratios of lead in human teeth and sources of exposure in Edinburgh

, , , &
Pages 593-599 | Received 13 Jan 1994, Accepted 08 Apr 1994, Published online: 17 Dec 2008

References

  • Needleman , H.L. , Gunnoe , C. , Leviton , A. , Reed , R. , Peresie , H. , Maher , C. and Barrett , P. 1979 . Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels . New. Engl. J. Med. , 300 : 689 – 695 .
  • Needleman , H.L. , Schell , A. , Bellinger , D. , Leviton , A. and Allred , E.N. 1990 . The long‐term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in children. An 11‐year follow‐up report . New Engl. J. Med. , 322 : 83 – 88 .
  • Rutter , M. and Jones , R.R. , eds. 1983 . Lead versus Health. Sources and Effects of Low Level Lead Exposure. , Chichester : John Wiley and Sons .
  • Fulton , M. , Raab , G. , Thomson , G. , Laxen , D. , Hunter , R. and Hepburn , W. 1987 . Influence of blood lead on the ability and attainment of children in Edinburgh . The Lancet , i : 1221 – 1226 .
  • Elwood , P.C. 1986 . The sources of lead in blood: A critical review . Sci. Total Environ. , 52 : 1 – 23 .
  • Fergusson , J.E. 1986 . Lead: Petrol lead in the environment and its contribution to human blood lead levels . Sci. Total Environ. , 50 : 1 – 54 .
  • Moore , M.R. , Campbell , B.C. , Meredith , P.A. , Beattie , A.D. , Goldberg , A. and Campbell , D. 1978 . The association between lead concentrations in teeth and domestic water lead . Clin. Chim. Acta , 87 : 77 – 83 .
  • Sherlock , J.C. , Ashby , D. , Delves , H.T. , Forbes , G.I. , Moore , M.R. , Patterson , W.J. , Pocock , S.J. , Quinn , M.J. , Richards , W.N. and Wilson , T.S. 1984 . Reduction in exposure to lead from drinking water and its effects on blood lead concentrations . Human Toxicol. , 3 : 383 – 392 .
  • Raab , G.M. , Laxen , D.P.H. and Fulton , M. 1987 . Lead from dust and water as exposure sources for children . Environ. Geochem. Health , 9 : 80 – 85 .
  • Hinners , T.A. , Heithmar , E.M. , Spittler , T.M. and Henshaw , J.M. 1987 . Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination of lead isotopes . Anal. Chem. , 59 : 2658 – 2662 .
  • Delves , H.T. and Campbell , M.J. 1988 . Measurement of total lead concentrations and lead isotope ratios in whole blood by use of inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry . J. Analyt. Atomic Spectrom. , 3 : 343 – 348 .
  • Yaffe , Y. , Flessel , C.P. , Wesolowski , J.J. , del Rosario , A. , Guirguis , G.N. , Matias , V. , Degarmo , T.E. , Coleman , G.C. , Gramlich , J.W. and Kelly , W.R. 1983 . Identification of lead sources in California children using the stable isotope ratio technique . Arch. Environ. Health , 38 : 237 – 245 .
  • Campbell , M.J. and Delves , H.T. 1989 . Accurate and precise determination of lead isotope ratios in clinical and environmental samples using inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry . J. Analyt. Atomic Spectrom. , 4 : 235 – 236 .
  • Viczian , M. , Laszity , A. and Barnes , R.M. 1990 . Identification of potential environmental sources of childhood lead poisoning by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . J. Analyt. Atomic Spectrom. , 5 : 293 – 300 .
  • Facchetti , S. , Geiss , F. , Gaglione , P. , Columbo , A. , Garibaldi , G. , Spallanzan , G. and Gill , G. 1982 . Isotopic Lead Experiment ‐ Status Report. , Brussels and Luxembourg : CEC . EUR 8352EN
  • Tera , O. , Schwartzmann , D.W. and Watkins , T.R. 1985 . Identification of gasoline lead in children's blood using isotopic analysis . Arch. Environ. Health , 40 : 120 – 123 .
  • Delves , H.T. and Campbell , M.J. 1993 . Identification and apportionment of sources of lead in human tissue . Environ. Geochem. Health , 15 : 75 – 84 .
  • Sugden , C.L. , Farmer , J.G. and MacKenzie , A.B. 1993 . Isotopic ratios of lead in contemporary environmental material from Scotland . Environ. Geochem. Health , 15 : 59 – 65 .
  • Delves , H.T. , Clayton , B.E. , Carmichael , A. , Bubear , M. and Smith , M. 1982 . An appraisal of the analytical significance of tooth‐lead measurements as possible indices of environmental exposure of children to lead . Ann. Clin. Biochem. , 16 : 329 – 337 .
  • Sugden , C.L. 1993 . Isotopic Studies of the Environmental Chemistry of Lead , University of Edinburgh . Ph.D. Thesis
  • Sturges , W.T. and Harrison , R.M. 1985 . An assessment of the contribution from paint flakes to the lead content of some street and household dusts . Sci. Total Environ. , 44 : 225 – 234 .
  • Rundle , S.A. and Duggan , M.J. 1986 . Lead pollution from the external redecoration of old buildings . Sci Total Environ. , 57 : 181 – 190 .
  • skip , M.J. and Hutton , M. 1987 . Lead‐based paint in dwellings : the potential for contamination of the home environment during renovation . Environ. Geochem. Health , 9 : 86 – 92 .
  • Laxen , D.P.H. , Lindsay , P. , Raab , G.M. , Hunter , R. , Fell , G.S. and Fulton , M. 1988 . The variability of lead in dusts within the homes of young children . Environ. Geochem. Health , 10 : 3 – 9 .
  • Schwar , M.J.R. and Alexander , D.J. 1988 . Redecoration of external leaded paintwork and lead‐in‐dust concentrations in school playgrounds . Sci. Total Environ. , 68 : 45 – 59 .
  • Fergusson , J.E. and Purchase , N.G. 1987 . The analysis and levels of lead in human teeth ‐ a review . Environ. Pollut. , 46 : 11 – 44 .
  • Fergusson , J.E. , Kinzett , N. , Fergusson , D.M. and Horwood , L.T. 1989 . A longitudinal study of dentine lead levels, intelligence, school performance and behaviour: the measurement of dentine lead . Sci. Total Environ. , 80 : 229 – 241 .
  • Bacon , J.R. , Berrow , M.L. and Shand , A.C. 1992 . Isotopic composition as an indicator of origin of lead accumulations in surface soils . Intern. J. Analyt. Chem. , 46 : 71 – 76 .
  • Sugden , C.L. , Farmer , J.G. and MacKenzie , A.B. . Lead and 206Pb/207Pb profiles in 210Pb‐dated ombrotrophic peat cores from Scotland . Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment . Vol. 1 , pp. 90 – 93 . Edinburgh : CEP .
  • Sugden , C.L. , Farmer , J.G. and MacKenzie , A.B. . Isotopic characterisation of lead inputs and behaviour in recent Scottish freshwater lake sediments . Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment . Vol. 1 , pp. 511 – 514 . Edinburgh : CEP .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.