2
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Non-injecting routes of administration among entrants to three treatment modalities for heroin dependence

, , , &
Pages 177-183 | Received 22 May 2003, Accepted 15 Dec 2003, Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Strang J, Griffiths P, Powis B, Gossop M. Heroin chasers and heroin injectors: differences observed in a community sample in London, UK. Am J Addict 1999; 8: 148–60.
  • Strang J, Griffiths P, Gossop M. Heroin smoking by ‘chasing the dragon’: origins and history. Addiction 1997; 92: 673–83.
  • Grund J-P, Blanken P. From chasing the dragon to Chinezon. The diffusion of heroin smoking in the Nether- lands. The Hague: CIP-Gegevens Konninklijke Bibliotheek, 1993.
  • Perez-Jimenez JP, Robert MS. Transitions in the route of heroin use. Eur Addict Res 1997; 3: 93–8.
  • Smyth BP, O’Brien M, Barry J. Trends in treated opiate misuse in Dublin: the emergence of chasing the dragon. Addiction 2000; 95: 1217–23.
  • Carpenter MJ, Chutuape MA, Stitzer ML. Heroin snorters versus injectors: comparison on drug use and treatment outcome in age-matched samples. Drug Alcohol Depend 1998; 53: 11–15.
  • Neaigus A, Miller M, Friedman S et al. Potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non-injecting heroin users: a comparison of former injectors and never injectors. Addiction 2001; 96: 847–60.
  • Swift W, Maher L, Sunjic S, Doan V. Transitions between routes of heroin administration: a study of Caucasian and Indochinese heroin users in South-western Sydney, Aus- tralia. Addiction 1999; 94: 71–82.
  • Darke S, Topp L, Kaye S, Hall W. Heroin use in New South Wales, Australia, 1996 – 2000: 5 year monitoring of trends in price, purity, availability and use from the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS). Addiction 2002; 97: 179–86.
  • Des Jarlais DC, Casriel C, Friedman SR, Rosenblum A. AIDS and the transition to illicit drug injection—results of a randomized trial prevention program, Br J Addict 1992; 87: 493–8.
  • Stimson G, Des Jarlais DC, Ball A. Drug injecting and HIV infection: global dimensions and local responses. London: UCL Press, 1998.
  • Darke S, Ross J, Kaye S. Physical injecting sites among injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2001; 62: 77–82.
  • Morrison A, Elliott L, Gruer L. Injecting-related harm and treatment-seeking behaviour among injecting drug users. Addiction 1997; 92: 1349–52.
  • Barrio G, de la Fuente L, Lew C, Royuela L, Bravo MJ, Torrens M. Differences in severity of heroin dependence by route of administration: the importance of length of heroin use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2001; 63: 169–77.
  • Gossop M, Griffiths, P Powis B, Strang J. Severity of dependence and route of administration of heroin, cocaine and amphetamines. Br J Addict 1992; 87: 1527–36.
  • Dinwiddie SH, Cottler L, Compton W, Abdallah AB. Psychopathology and HIV risk behaviours among injection drug users in and out of treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 1996; 43: 1–11.
  • Fuller CM, Vlahov D, Ompad DC, Shah N, Arria A, Strathdee SA. High-risk behaviours associated with transi- tion from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: a case-control study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 66: 189–98.
  • Darke S, Ross J. Fatal heroin overdoses resulting from non- injecting routes of administration, NSW, Australia, 1992 – 1996. Addiction 2000; 95: 596–9.
  • Gossop M, Griffiths P, Powis B, Williamson S, Strang J. Frequency of non-fatal heroin overdose: survey of heroin users recruited in non-clinical settings. Br Med J 1996;313:402.
  • Buster MCA, Rook L, van Brussel HA, van Ree J, van den Brink W. Chasing the dragon related to impaired lung function among heroin users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 68: 221–8.
  • Cygan J, Trunsky M, Cobridge T. Inhaled heroin-induced status asthmaticus; five cases and a review of the literature. Chest 2000; 117: 272–5.
  • Kriegstein AR, Shungu DC, Millar WS et al. Leukoence- phalopathy and raised brain lactate from heroin vapor inhalation (‘chasing the dragon’). Neurology 1999; 53: 1765 – 73.
  • Darke S, Hall W, Heather N, Wodak A, Ward J. Development and validation of a multi-dimensional instru- ment for assessing outcome of treatment among opioid users: the Opiate Treatment Index. Br J Addict 1992; 87: 593–602.
  • World Health Organization. World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (version 1.1). Vienna: World Health Organization, 1993.
  • Robins LN, Helzer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS. National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: its history, characteristics, and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981; 38: 381–9.
  • Ware JE, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-item Short-Form health survey: construction of scales, and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 1996; 34: 220–33.
  • SPSS Inc. SPSS for Windows, 11.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc., 2001.
  • Ross J, Teesson M, Darke S et al. Characteristics of heroin users entering three treatment modalities in New South Wales: baseline findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Technical report no. 139. Sydney: University of New South Wales, 2002.
  • Gossop M, Marsden J, Stewart D, Lehmann P, Wilson A, Segar G. Substance use, health and social problems of clients at 54 drug agencies: intake data from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS). Br J Psychiatry 1998; 173: 166–71.
  • Hubbard RL, Craddock SG, Flynn PM, Anderson J, Etheridge RM. Overview of 1-year follow-up outcomes in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). Psychol Addict Behav 1997; 11: 261–78.
  • Warner-Smith M, Darke S, Lynskey M, Hall W. Heroin overdose: causes and consequences. Addiction 2001; 96: 1113–25.
  • Darke S, Ross J. Suicide among heroin users: rates, risk factors and methods. Addiction 2002; 97: 1383 – 94.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.