What have population surveys revealed about substance use disorders and their co-morbidity with other mental disorders?

References

• Psychiatric Disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, LN Robins, DA Regier. Free Press, New York 1991
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, McGonagh KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen U, Kendler KS. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-II-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1994; 51: 8–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer H, Gill B, Petticrew M, Hinds K. OPCS Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity in Great Britain. Report I. The Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity among Adults Living in Private Households. OPCS Social Surveys Division. HMSO, London 1995
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersFourth Edition DSM-IV. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 1994
   Google Scholar
• Wing J. Relevance of psychiatric epidemiology to clinical psychiatry. Intern Rev Psychiatr 1994; 6: 259–264
   Google Scholar
• President's Commission on Mental Health. Report to the President From the President's Commission on Mental Health. President's Commission on Mental Health, Washington, DC 1978
   Google Scholar
• Regier DA, Robins LN. Introduction. Psychiatric Disorders in America, LN Robins, DA Regier. Free Press, New York 1991, In
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersThird Edition DSM-III. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 1980
   Google Scholar
• Leaf PJ, Myers JK, McEvoy LT. Procedures use in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Psychiatric Disorders in America, LN Robins, DA Regier. Free Press, New York 1991, In
   Google Scholar
• Robins LN, Locke BZ, Regier DA. An overview of psychiatric disorders in America. Psychiatric Disorders in America, LD Robins, DA Regier. Free Press, New York 1991, In
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro S, Skinner E, Kessler LG, Von Korff M, German PS, Tischler GL, Leaf PJ, Benham L, Cottler L, Regier DA. Utilization of health and mental health services. Three Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1984; 41: 971–978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regier DA, Narrow WE, Rae DS, Manderscheid RW, Locke B, Goodwin FK. The de facto US Mental and Addictive Disorders Service System: Epidemiologic Catchment Area prospective study 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1993; 50: 85–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helzer JE, Burnam A, McEvoy LT. Alcohol abuse and dependence. Psychiatric Disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, LN Robins, DA Regier. Free Press, New York 1991, In
   Google Scholar
• Robins LN, Helzer JE, Pryzbeck R, Regier DA. Alcohol disorders in the community: a report from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area. Alcoholism: origins and outcome, RM Rose, J Barrett. Raven Press, New York 1988, In
   Google Scholar
• Anthony JC, Helzer JE. Syndromes of drug abuse and dependence. Psychiatric Disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, LN Robins, DA Regier. Free Press, New York 1991, In
   Google Scholar
• Boyd JH, Burke JD, Gruenberg E, Holzer CE, Rae DS, George LK, Karno M, Stoltzman R, McEvoy L, Nestadt G. Exclusion criteria of DSM-III: a study of co-occurrence of hierarchy-free syndromes. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1984; 41: 983–989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helzer JE, Pryzbeck TR. The co-occurrence of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders in the general population and its impact on treatment. J Stud Alcohol 1988; 49: 219–224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, Goodwin FK. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. J Am Med Assoc 1990; 264: 2511–2518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwu H-G, Compton WM. Comparison of major epidemiologic surveys using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Intern Rev Psychiatr 1994; 6: 309–327
   Google Scholar
• Bland RC, Newman SC, Orn H. Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988; 77(suppl 338)1–80
   Google Scholar
• Bland RC, Newman SC, Orn H. Alcohol abuse and dependence in Edmonton, Canada. Alcoholism in North America, Europe and Asia, JE Helzer, GJ Canino. Oxford University Press, New York 1992, In
   Google Scholar
• Wells JE, Bushnell JA, Hornblow AR, Joyce PR, Oakley-Browne MA. Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study 1: methodology and lifetime prevalence for specific psychiatric disorders. Aust NZ J Psychiatr 1989; 23: 315–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells, JE, Bushnell, JA, Joyce, PR, Hornblow, AR, Oakley-Browne, MA. Alcohol abuse and dependence in New Zealand. Alcoholism in North America, Europe and Asia, JE Helzer, Canino, GJ. Oxford University Press, New York 1992, In, 1992
   Google Scholar
• Clayer JR, McFarlane AC, Czechowicz AS, Wright G. Mental Health in the Riverland. South Australian Health Commission, Adelaide 1991
   Google Scholar
• Galbaud du Fort G, Newman SC, Bland RC. Psychiatric comorbidity and treatment seeking. Sources of selection bias in the study of clinical populations. J Nerv Ment Dis 1993; 181: 467–474
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kessler RC. The National Comorbidity Survey: preliminary results and future directions. Intern J Methods Psychiatr Epidemiol 1995; 5: 139–151
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony JC, Warner LA, Kessler RC. Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances and inhalants: basic findings from the National Comorbidity Study. Clin Exp Psychopharm, in press 1996
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC. The epidemiology of psychiatric comorbidity. Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology, M Tsuang, M Tohen, G Zahner. Wiley, New York 1995, In
   Google Scholar
• Crum RM, Warner LA, Nelson CB, Schulenberg J, Anthony JC, Kessler RC. Comorbidity of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey. 1996, in press
   Google Scholar
• Ross HE. DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence and psychiatric comorbidity in Ontario: results from the Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey. Drug Alc Depend 1995; 39: 111–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burvill PW. An appraisal of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Aust NZ J Psychiatr 1987; 21: 175–184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohrenwend B. “The problem of validity in field studies of psychological disorder” revisited. Psychol Med 1990; 20: 195–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker G. Are the lifetime prevalence estimates in the ECA study accurate?. Psychol Med 1987; 17: 275–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helzer JE, Robins LN, McEvoy LT, Spitznagel E. A comparison of clinical and diagnostic interview schedule diagnoses. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1985; 42: 657–666, 1985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony JC, Folstein M, Romanoski AJ, Korff MR von, Nestadt GR, Chalal R, Merchant A, Brown CH, Shapiro S, Kramer M, Gruenberg EM. Comparison of the lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule and a standardized psychiatric diagnosis. Experience in Eastern Baltimore. Arch Gen Psychiat 1985; 42: 667–675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins LN. Epidemiology: reflections on testing the validity of psychiatric interviews. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1985; 42: 918–924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy JM. The Stirling County Study: then and now. Intern Rev Psychiatr 1994; 6: 329–348
   Google Scholar
• Hall W. A simplified logic of causal inference. Austr NZ J Psychiatr 1987; 21: 507–513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendell RE. The Role of Diagnosis in Psychiatry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1987
   Google Scholar
• Andrews JG, Stewart G, Morris-Yates A, Holt P, Henderson AS. Evidence for a general neurotic syndrome. Br J Psychiatr 1990; 157: 6–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck HJ. The Scientific Study of Personality. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1952
   Google Scholar
• Angrist B. Psychoses induced by central nervous system stimulants and related drugs. Stimulants: neurochemical, behavioral and clinical perspectives, I Creese. Raven Press, New York 1983, In
   Google Scholar
• Kandel DB, Davies M, Karus D, Yamaguchi K. The consequences in young adulthood of adolescent drug involvement. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1986; 43: 746–754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel DB. The social demography of drug use. Confronting Drug Policy: illicit drugs in a free society, R Bayer, GM Oppenheimer. Cambridge University Press, New York 1993, In
   Google Scholar
• Jessor R, Jessor SL. Problem Behavior and Psychosocial Development: a longitudinal study of youth. Academic Press, New York 1977
   Google Scholar
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT, Lawton JM. The Christchurch Child Development Study: a review of epidemiological findings. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1989; 3: 278–301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newcombe MD, Bentler P. Consequences of Adolescent Drug Use: impact on the lives of young adults. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, California 1988
   Google Scholar
• Vaillant G. The Natural History of Alcoholism Revisited. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1995
   Google Scholar
• Andreasson S, Allebeck P, Engstrom A, Rydberg U. Cannabis and schizophrenia: a longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet 1987; 2: 1483–1486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake RE, Bartels SJ, Teague GR, Noordsby DL, Clark RE. Treatment of substance abuse in severely mentally ill patients. J Nerv Mental Dis 1993; 181: 606–611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLelland AT, Luborsky L, Woody GE, O'Brien CP, Druley KA. Predicting response to alcohol and drug abuse treatments. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1983; 40: 620–625
   Google Scholar
• Quality Assurance Project. Treatment outlines for Antisocial Personality Disorder. Aust NZ J Psychiatr 1991; 25: 541–547
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mattick, RP, Oliphant, DA, Bell, J, Hall, W. Psychiatric morbidity in methadone maintenance patients: prevalence, effect on drug use and detection. Addiction, in press, 1996
   Google Scholar