References
- Abdelnour, S., & Abu Moghli, M. (2021). Researching violent contexts: A call for political reflexivity. Organization, 1–24. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084211030646
- Adida, C. L., Ferree, K. E., Posner, D. N., & Robinson, A. L. (2016). Who’s asking? Interviewer coethnicity effects in African survey data. Comparative Political Studies, 49(12), 1630–1660. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414016633487
- Alencar, R., Aron, R. M., & Dineen, S. (1984). A reflexive space of holomorphic functions in infinitely many variables. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 90(3), 407–411. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1984-0728358-5
- Alvesson, M., & Sköldberg, K. (2017). Reflexive methodology: New Vistas for qualitative research (3rd ed.). SAGE Pub.
- Ann, F. L. (2017). Interviewing in social science research: A relational approach. Routledge.
- Anthias, F. (2002). Where do I belong? Ethnicities, 2(4), 491–514. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/14687968020020040301
- Austin, J. (1963). How to do things with words. Oxford University Press.
- Bagnoli, A. (2004). Researching identities with multi-method autobiographies. Sociological Research Online, 9(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.909
- Bai, Y. (2018). Has the Global South become a playground for Western scholars in information and communication technologies for development? Evidence from a three-journal analysis. Scientometrics, 116(3), 2139–2153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2839-y
- Beech, N. (2011). Liminality and the practices of identity reconstruction. Human Relations, 64(2), 285–302. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726710371235
- Berger, R. (2015). Now I see it, now I don’t: Researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 15(2), 219–234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112468475
- Bettez, S. C. (2015). Navigating the complexity of qualitative research in postmodern contexts: Assemblage, critical reflexivity, and communion as guides. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 28(8), 932–954. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2014.948096
- Brah, A. (1996). Cartographies of diaspora: Contesting identities. Routledge.
- Buskens, I. (2010). Agency and reflexivity in ICT4D research: Questioning women’s options, poverty, and human development. Information Technologies & International Development, 6(SE), 19–24. https://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/617/0.html
- Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble. Routledge.
- Butler, J. (2004). Undoing Gender. Routledge.
- Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (2011). Doing critical information systems research–arguments for a critical research methodology. European Journal of Information Systems, 20(4), 440–455. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2010.67
- Chacko, E. (2004). Positionality and Praxis: Fieldwork experiences in rural India. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 25(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0129-7619.2004.00172.x
- Chavan, A. L., & Ajmera, R. (2007). When in Rome … be yourself: A perspective on dealing with cultural dissimilarities in ethnography. In N. Aykin (Ed.), Usability and Internationalization. HCI and Culture (pp. 33–36). Springer.
- Chawla‐Duggan, R. (2007). Breaking out, breaking through: Accessing knowledge in a non‐western overseas educational setting—methodological issues for an outsider. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 37(2), 185–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920601165538
- Cibangu, S. K. (2020). Marginalization of indigenous voices in the information age: A case study of cell phones in the rural Congo. Information Technology for Development, 26(2), 234–267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1647403
- Cupples, J., & Kindon, S. (2003). Far from being “Home Alone”: The dynamics of accompanied fieldwork. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 24(2), 211–228. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00153
- Czarniawska, B., & Mazza, C. (2003). Consulting as a liminal space. Human Relations, 56(3), 267–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726703056003612
- De´, R., Pal, A., Sethi, R., Reddy, S. K., & Chitre, C. (2018). ICT4D research: A call for a strong critical approach. Information Technology for Development, 24(1), 63–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2017.1286284
- De Vaujany, F. X., Walsh, I., & Mitev, N. (2011). An historically grounded critical analysis of research articles in IS. European Journal of Information Systems, 20(4), 395–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2011.13
- Dearden, A., & Kleine, D. (2021). Interdisciplinarity, self-governance and dialogue: The participatory process underpinning the minimum ethical standards for ICTD/ICT4D research. Information Technology for Development, 27(2), 361–380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.1840321
- Delph‐Janiurek, T. (2001). (Un)consensual conversations: Betweenness, ‘material access’, laughter and reflexivity in research. Area, 33(4), 414–421. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4762.00047
- Díaz Andrade, A., & Urquhart, C. (2012). Unveiling the modernity bias: A critical examination of the politics of ICT4D. Information Technology for Development, 18(4), 281–292. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2011.643204
- Dwyer, S. C., & Buckle, J. L. (2009). The space between: On being an insider-outsider in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800105
- Fook, J. (2011). Developing critical reflection as a research method. In J. Higgs, A. Titchen, D. Horsfall, & D. Bridges (Eds.), Creative spaces for qualitative researching: Living research (pp. 55–64). SensePublishers.
- Giesen, B. (2017). Inbetweenness and ambivalence. In J. Alexander, R. Jacobs, and P. Smith (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of cultural sociology (pp. 788–804). Oxford University Press.
- Giwa, A. (2015). Insider/Outsider issues for development researchers from the Global South. Geography Compass, 9(6), 316–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12219
- Greene, M. J. (2014). On the inside looking in: Methodological insights and challenges on the inside looking. The Qualitative Report, 19(29), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1106
- Gregor, S., Imran, A., & Turner, T. (2014). A ‘sweet spot’ change strategy for a least developed country: Leveraging e-Government in Bangladesh. European Journal of Information Systems, 23(6), 655–671. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2013.14
- Grieve, T., & Mitchell, R. (2020). Promoting meaningful and equitable relationships? Exploring the UK’s Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) funding criteria from the perspectives of African partners. The European Journal of Development Research, 32(3), 514–528. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00274-z
- Hamann, R., L, J., Ramaboa, K., Khan, F., Dhlamini, X., & Nilsson, W. (2020). Neither Colony Nor Enclave: Calling for dialogical contextualism in management and organization studies. Organization Theory, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2631787719879705
- Harris, R. W. (2015). How ICT4D research fails the poor. Information Technology for Development, 22(1), 177–192. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2015.1018115
- Henry, M. G. (2003). ’Where are you really from?: Representation, identity and power in the fieldwork experiences of a South Asian diasporic. Qualitative Research, 3(2), 229–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941030032005
- Hirschheim, R., & Klein, H. (2012). A glorious and not-so-short history of the information systems field. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(4), 188–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00294
- Horváth, Á., Thomassen, B., & Wydra, H. (2018). Breaking boundaries: Varieties of liminality. Berghan Books.
- Jimenez, Andrea; Abbott, Pamela; Dasuki, Salihu (2021): Retrospective reflective vignettes from paper “In-betweenness in ICT4D research: critically examining the role of the researcher”. The University of Sheffield. Dataset. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15131/shef.data.16438716
- Joia, L. A., Davison, R. M., Andrade, A. D., & Urquhart, C. (2012). Where are the indigenous ICT for development researchers: Marginalised or uninvited? ACM Inroads, 3(4), 94–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/2381083.2381106
- Kerstetter, K. (2012). Insider, Outsider, or somewhere between: The impact of researchers’ identities on the community-based research process. Journal of Rural Social Sciences, 27(2), Article 7. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/jrss/vol27/iss2/7
- Krauss, K. (2012a). “You can only interpret that which you are able to perceive”: Demonstrating critical reflexivity in ICT4D work. SIG GlobDev First Pre- ECIS Workshop.
- Krauss, K. (2012b). Towards self-emancipation in ICT for development research: Narratives about respect, traditional leadership and building networks of friendships in Rural South Africa. The African Journal of Information Systems, 4(2), Article 1. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ajis/vol4/iss2/1
- Krauss, K. (2018). A confessional account of community entry: Doing critically reflexive ICT4D work in a deep rural community in South Africa. Information Technology for Development, 24(3), 482–510. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2017.1323306
- Krauss, K., & Turpin, M. (2013). The emancipation of the researcher as part of information and communication technology for development work in deep Rural South Africa. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 59(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2013.tb00416.x
- Krauss, K. E. M. (2021). Demonstrating critically reflexive ICT4D project conduct in rural South Africa. Information Technology for Development, 1–28, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2021.1928588
- Kreps, D., & Bass, J. M. (2019, May). Southern theories in ICT4D. In International Conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing Countries (pp. 3–13). Springer.
- Light, A., Ladeira, I., Roberson, J., Bidwell, N. J., Rangaswamy, N., Sambasivan, N., & Gitau, S. (2010). Gender matters: Female perspectives in ICT4D research. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD’10). ACM, New York, NY.
- Lu, H., & Hodge, W. A. (2019). Toward multi-dimensional and developmental notion of researcher positionality. Qualitative Research Journal, 19(3), 225–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-D-18-00029
- Mama, A. (2007). Is it ethical to study Africa? Preliminary thoughts on scholarship and freedom. African Studies Review, 50(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/arw.2005.0122
- Markussen, T. (2005). Practising performativity transformative moments in research. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 12(3), 329–344. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506805054273
- Mathias, B. D., & Smith, A. D. (2016). Autobiographies in organizational research: Using leaders’ life stories in a triangulated research design. Organizational Research Methods, 19(2), 204–230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115618761
- McConnell, F. (2017). Liminal geopolitics: The subjectivity and spatiality of diplomacy at the margins. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 42(1), 139–152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12156
- McGrath, K. (2005). Doing critical research in information systems: A case of theory and practice not informing each other. Information Systems Journal, 15(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2005.00187.x
- McNess, E., Arthur, L., & Crossley, M. (2015). ‘Ethnographic dazzle’ and the construction of the ‘Other’: Revisiting dimensions of insider and outsider research for international and comparative education. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 45(2), 295–316. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.854616
- Merino, R. (2016). An alternative to ‘alternative development’?: Buen vivir and human development in Andean countries. Oxford Development Studies, 44(3), 271–286. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2016.1144733
- Merriam, S. B., Johnson-Bailey, J., Lee, M. Y., Kee, Y., Ntseane, G., & Muhamad, M. (2001). Power and positionality: Negotiating insider/outsider status within and across cultures. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 20(5), 405–416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370120490
- Milligan, L. (2016). Insider-outsider-inbetweener? Researcher positioning, participative methods and cross-cultural educational research. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 46(2), 235–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2014.928510
- Mullings, B. (1999). Insider or outsider, both or neither: Some dilemmas of interviewing in a cross-cultural setting. Geoforum, 30(4), 337–350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7185(99)00025-1
- Mwangi, N. (2019). “Good that you are one of us”: Positionality and reciprocity in conducting fieldwork in Kenya’s Flower industry. In Johnstone L. (eds) The politics of conducting research in Africa (pp. 13–33). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95531-5_2
- Naples, N. A. (1996). A feminist revisiting of the insider/outsider debate: The “outsider phenomenon” in rural Iowa. Qualitative Sociology, 19(1), 83–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393249
- Obasi, C. (2014). Negotiating the insider/outsider continua: A Black female hearing perspective on research with Deaf women and Black women. Qualitative Research, 14(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112465632
- Pansera, M. (2018). Frugal or fair? The unfulfilled promises of frugal innovation. Technology Innovation Management Review, 8(4), 6–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1148
- Parker, S., Racz, M., & Palmer, P. (2020). Reflexive learning and performative failure. Management Learning, 51(3), 293–313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507620903170
- Pousti, H., Urquhart, C., & Linger, H. (2020). Researching the virtual: A framework for reflexivity in qualitative social media research. Information Systems Journal, 31(3), 1–28. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12314
- Prasopoulou, E. (2017). A half-moon on my skin: A memoir on life with an activity tracker. European Journal of Information Systems, 26(3), 287–297. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/s41303-017-0040-7
- Prommegger, B., Thatcher, J. B., Wiesche, M., & Krcmar, H. (2021). When your data has COVID-19: How the changing context disrupts data collection and what to do about it. European Journal of Information Systems, 30(1), 100–118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1841573
- Puri, S. K., & Sahay, S. (2007). Role of ICTs in participatory development: An Indian experience. Information Technology for Development, 13(2), 133–160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/itdj.20058
- Qureshi, S. (2015). Are we making a better world with Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) research? Findings from the field and theory building. Information Technology for Development, 21(4), 511–522. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2015.1080428
- Ravishankar, M. N., Pan, S. L., & Myers, M. D. (2013). Information technology offshoring in India: A postcolonial perspective. European Journal of Information Systems, 22(4), 387–402. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2012.32
- Sabo, O. (2012). Disjunctures and diaspora in Kiran Desai’s the inheritance of loss. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 47(3), 375–392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0021989412450697
- Schelenz, L., & Pawelec, M. (2021). Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) critique. Information Technology for Development, 1–24, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2021.1937473
- Schultze, U. (2000). A confessional account of an ethnography about knowledge work. MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 3–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/3250978
- Sharabati-Shahin, M. H. N., & Thiruchelvam, K. (2013). The role of Diaspora in university-industry relationships in globalised knowledge economy: The case of Palestine. Higher Education, 65(5), 613–629. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9566-8
- Soedirgo, J., & Glas, A. (2020). Toward active reflexivity: Positionality and practice in the production of knowledge. American Political Science Association, 53(3), 527–531. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096519002233
- Soeftestad, L. T., Consult, S., & Sein, M. K. (2003). ICT and development: East is east and west is west and the twain may yet meet. In S. Madon & S. Krishna (Eds.), In the digital challenge: information technology in the development context (pp. 63–82).
- Srivastava, P. (2006). Reconciling multiple researcher positionalities and languages in international research. Research in Comparative and International Education, 1(3), 210–222. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2006.1.3.210
- Stahl, B. C. (2014). Interpretive accounts and fairy tales: A critical polemic against the empiricist bias in interpretive IS research. European Journal of Information Systems, 23(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2012.58
- Sturdy, A., Schwarz, M., & Spicer, A. (2006). Guess who’s coming to dinner? Structures and uses of liminality in strategic management consultancy. Human Relations, 59(7), 929–960. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706067597
- Sultana, F. (2007). Reflexivity, positionality and participatory ethics: Negotiating fieldwork dilemmas in international research. Acme, 6(3), 374–385. https://acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/786
- Sultana, F. (2017). Reflexivity. In D. Richardson, N. Castree, M. F. Goodchild, A. Kobayashi, & W. Liu (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Geography (pp. 1–5). American Cancer Society.
- Thapa, D., & Saebo, O. (2011). Demystifying the possibilities of ICT4D in the mountain regions of Nepal. 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1–10). IIEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5718727
- Thomassen, B. (2018). Thinking with Liminality. In Á. Horváth, B. Thomassen, & H. Wydra (Eds.), Breaking boundaries: Varieties of liminality (pp. 39–58). Berghan Books.
- Toyama, K. (2011). Technology as amplifier in international development. Proceedings of the 2011 IConference, 75–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/1940761.1940772
- Tshuma, N., & Krauss, K. (2017, July 10). Towards using critical reflection to interrogate the oppressive effects of educational technology use in South African higher education. African Conference on Information Systems & Technology.
- van Gennep, A. (1960). The rites of passage. University of Chicago Press.
- Walsham, G. (2005). Learning about being critical. Information Systems Journal, 15(2), 111–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2004.00189.x
- Walsham, G. (2006). Doing interpretive research. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(3), 320–330. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000589
- Walsham, G. (2012). Are we making a better world with ICTs? Reflections on a future agenda for the IS field. Journal of Information Technology, 27(2), 87–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2012.4
- Walsham, G. (2020). South-South and triangular cooperation in ICT4D. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 86(4), e12130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12130
- Warrick, E. M., Hussen, T. S., Kibutu, J., & Ngoqo, B. (2016). African identity and HCI methods that inform technology design. Proceedings of the First African Conference on Human Computer Interaction, 242–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998581.2998619
- Wickert, C., & Schaefer, S. M. (2015). Towards a progressive understanding of performativity in critical management studies. Human Relations, 68(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713519279
- Zheng, Y., Hatakka, M., Sahay, S., & Andersson, A. (2018). Conceptualizing development in information and communication technology for development (ICT4D). Information Technology for Development, 24(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2017.1396020