1,750
Views
65
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellany

Rehabilitation interventions for vegetative and minimally conscious patients

Pages 480-493 | Published online: 11 Jan 2007

References

References

  • ACPIN (Association of Chartered Physiotherapists with a Special Interest in Neurology) (1998) Clinical practice guidelines on splinting adults with neurological dysfunction London Chartered Society of Physiotherapists
  • Ada L Canning C (1990) Anticipating and avoiding muscle shortening In L. Ada & C. Canning (Eds.), Key issues in neurological physiotherapy pp. 219–236 Oxford Heinemann Medical
  • Ada L Canning C Paratz J (1990) Care of the unconscious head-injured patient In L. Ada & C. Canning (Eds.), Key issues in neurological physiotherapy pp. 249–289 Oxford Heinemann Medical
  • Adams , JH , Graham , DI and Jennett , B . (2000) . The neuropathology of the vegetative state after an acute brain insult . Brain , 123 : 1327 – 1338 .
  • Andrews , K . (1993) . Should PVS patients be treated? . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 3 ( 2 ) : 109 – 119 .
  • Ansell , B and Keenan , J . (1989) . The Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile: A tool for assessing slow-to-recover head-injured patients . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 70 : 104 – 108 .
  • Bach-Y-Rita , P . (2003) . Theoretical basis for brain plasticity after a TBI . Brain Injury , 17 ( 8 ) : 643 – 651 .
  • Barreca , S , Velikonja , D , Brown , L , Williams , L , Davis , L and Sigouin , CS . (2003) . Evaluation of the effectiveness of two clinical training procedures to elicit yes/no responses from patients with severe acquired brain injury: A randomized single-subject design . Brain Injury , 17 ( 12 ) : 1065 – 1075 .
  • Berrol , S . (1986) . Evolution and the persistent vegetative state . Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 1 : 7 – 13 .
  • Bethune , D . (1994) . Another look at neurological rehabilitation . Australian Journal of Physiotherapy , 40 : 255 – 261 .
  • Bohannon , R . (1993) . Tilt table standing for reducing spasticity after spinal cord injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 74 : 1121 – 1122 .
  • Bohannon , RW and Larkin , PA . (1985) . Passive ankle dorsiflexion increases in patients after a regime of tilt table wedge board standing: A clinical report . Physical Therapy , 65 : 1676 – 1678 .
  • Booth , BJ , Doyle , M and Montgomery , J . (1983) . Serial casting for the management of spasticity in the head-injured adult . Physical Therapy , 63 ( 12 ) : 1960 – 1966 .
  • Bragin , AG , Vinogradova , OS and Stafekhina , VS . (1992) . Sensory deprivation prevents integration of neocortical grafts with the host brain . Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience , 4 : 279 – 283 .
  • Bromley I (1985) Tetraplegia and paraplegia London Churchill Livingstone
  • Brucia , J and Rudy , E . (1996) . The effect of suction catheter insertion and tracheal stimulation in adults with severe brain injury . Heart and Lung , 25 ( 4 ) : 295 – 303 .
  • Bruton , A . (2002) . Muscle plasticity: Response to training and detraining . Physiotherapy , 88 : 398 – 408 .
  • Candeo , A , Grix , MC and Nicoletti , J . (2002) . An analysis of assessment instruments for the minimally responsive patient (MRP): Clinical observations . Brain Injury , 16 ( 5 ) : 453 – 461 .
  • Carr JH Shepherd R (1998) Neurological rehabilitation: Optimizing motor performance London Heinemann Medical
  • Conine , TA , Sullivan , T , Mackie , T and Goodman , M . (1990) . Effect of serial casting for the prevention of equinus in patients with acute head injury . Archives of Physical Medical Rehabilitation , 71 : 310 – 312 .
  • Cope , D . (1995) . The effectiveness of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: A review . Brain Injury , 9 ( 7 ) : 649 – 670 .
  • Cope , ND and Hall , K . (1982) . Head injury rehabilitation: Benefits of early intervention . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 63 : 433 – 437 .
  • Cope , D . (1995) . The effectiveness of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: A review . Brain Injury , 9 ( 7 ) : 649 – 670 .
  • Cybulski , GR and Jaegar , RJ . (1986) . Standing performance of persons with paraplegia . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 67 : 103 – 108 .
  • Davis , A . (1991) . The Visual Response Evaluation: A pilot study of an evaluation tool for assessing visual responses in low-level brain injured patients . Brain Injury , 5 ( 3 ) : 315 – 320 .
  • De Young , S and Grass , RB . (1987) . Coma recovery program . Rehabilitation Nursing , 12 : 121 – 124 .
  • Dobkin , B . (2003) . Do electrically stimulated sensory inpits and movements lead to long-term plasticity and rehabilitation gains? . Current Opinion in Neurology , 16 : 685 – 691 .
  • Doman , G , Wilkinson , R , Dimancescu , MD and Pelligra , R . (1993) . The effects of intense multi-sensory stimulation on coma arousal and recovery . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 3 ( 2 ) : 203 – 212 .
  • Duff , D . (2001) . Review article: Altered states of consciousness, theories of recovery and assessment following a severe traumatic brain injury . AXON , 23 ( 1 ) : 18 – 23 .
  • Duffus , A and Wood , J . (1983) . Standing and walking for the T6 paraplegic . Physiotherapy , 69 : 45 – 46 .
  • Edwards S (2002) Neurological physiotherapy London Churchill Livingston
  • Elliott L Shiel A Coleman M Wilson B Badwan D Menon D Pickard J (in press) The effect of posture on levels of arousal and awareness in vegetative and minimally conscious state patients: A preliminary investigation Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry
  • Gelling , L . (2004) . Researching patients in the vegetative state: Difficulties of studying this patient group . Nursing Times Research , 9 : 7 – 17 .
  • Giacino , J . (2001) . Revisiting the vegetative state: Major developments over the last decade . Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation State of the Art Reviews , 15 ( 2 ) : 399 – 415 .
  • Giacino , JT , Ashwal , S , Childs , N , Cranford , R , Jennett , B Katz , DI . (2002) . The minimally conscious state. Definition and diagnostic criteria . American Academy of Neurology , 58 : 349 – 353 .
  • Gleckman , A and Brill , S . (1995) . The impact of brain injury on family functioning: Implications for subacute rehabilitation programmes . Brain Injury , 9 ( 4 ) : 385 – 393 .
  • Gossman , MR , Sahrmann , SA and Rose , SJ . (1982) . Review of length associated changes in muscle . Physical Therapy , 62 : 1799 – 1807 .
  • Grieve , R , Hutton , J , Bhalla , A , Rastenyte , D , Ryglewicz , D Sarti , C . (2001) . A comparison of the costs and survival of hospital-admitted stroke patients across Europe . Stroke , 32 ( 7 ) : 1684 – 1691 .
  • Grossman , P and Hagel , K . (1996) . Post-traumatic appallic syndrome following head injury. Part 2: Treatment . Disability and Rehabilitation , 18 ( 2 ) : 57 – 68 .
  • Hakim , EA and Bakheit , AM . (1998) . A study of the factors which influence the length of hospital stay of stroke patients . Clinical Rehabilitation , 12 : 151 – 156 .
  • Herbert , R . (1988) . The passive mechanical properties of muscle and their adaptations to altered patterns of use . The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy , 34 : 141 – 149 .
  • Hough A (2001) Physiotherapy in respiratory care London Chapman & Hall
  • Jennett , B . (1993) . Vegetative survival: The medical facts and ethical dilemmas . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 3 ( 2 ) : 99 – 108 .
  • Jennett B (2002) The vegetative state (1st ed.). Cambridge Cambridge University Press
  • Jennett , B and Plum , F . (1972) . Persistent vegetative state after brain damage . The Lancet , 1 : 734 – 737 .
  • Johansson , BB . (2000) . Brain plasticity and stoke rehabilitation. The Willis lecture . Stroke , 31 : 223 – 230 .
  • Kwakkel , G , Wagenaar , RC , Koelman , TW , Lankhorst , GL and Koetsier , JC . (1997) . Effects of intensity of rehabilitation after stroke: A research synthesis . Stroke , 28 : 1552 – 1556 .
  • Lehmkuhl , DL , Thoi , LL , Baize , C , Kelley , CJ , Krawczyk , L and Bontke , CF . (1990) . Multimodality treatment of joint contractures in patients with severe brain injury: Cost, effectiveness, and integration of therapies in the application of serial/inhibitive casts . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 5 ( 4 ) : 23 – 42 .
  • Lettinga , AT , Reynders , K and Mulder , TH . (2002) . Pitfalls in effectiveness research: A comparative analysis of treatment goals and outcome measures in stroke rehabilitation . Clinical Rehabilitation , 16 : 174 – 181 .
  • Levin , HS , Saydjarin , C and Eisenberg , HM . (1991) . Vegetative state after closed head injury. A traumatic coma data bank report . Archives of Neurology , 48 ( 6 ) : 580 – 585 .
  • Le Winn , EB and Dimancescu , MD . (1978) . Environmental deprivation and enrichment in coma . Lancet , 2 : 156 – 157 .
  • Lombardi F Taricco M De Tanti A Telaro E Liberati A (2004) Sensory stimulation for brain injured individuals in coma or vegetative state The Cochrane Library (Oxford) no. 2. ISSN: 1464–780X.
  • Mackay , LB , Bernstein , P and Chapman , E . (1992) . Early intervention in severe head injury: Long-term benefits of a formalized program . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 73 : 635 – 641 .
  • Mazaux , J , De-S-Ze , M , Joseph , PA and Barat , M . (2001) . Early rehabilitation after severe brain injury: A French perspective . Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 33 ( 3 ) : 99 – 109 .
  • Morgan AS Chapman P Tokarski L (1988) Improved care of the traumatically brain injured Eastern Association for Surgery for Trauma—First Annual Conference Longboat Key Florida USA
  • Morgan , CL , Cullen , GP , Stokes , M and Swan , AV . (2003) . Effects of knee joint angle and tilt table incline on force distribution at the feet and supporting straps . Clinical Rehabilitation , 17 : 871 – 878 .
  • Mortenson , PA and Eng , J . (2003) . The use of casts in the management of joint mobility and hypertonia following brain injury in adults: A systematic review . Physical Therapy , 83 ( 7 ) : 648 – 658 .
  • Moseley , AM . (1997) . The effect of casting combined with stretching on passive ankle dorsiflexion in adults with traumatic head injuries . Physical Therapy , 77 ( 3 ) : 240 – 247 .
  • Noda , R , Maeda , Y and Yoshino , A . (2004) . Therapeutic time window for musicokinetic therapy in a persistent vegetative state after severe brain injury . Brain Injury , 18 ( 5 ) : 509 – 515 .
  • Oh , H and Seo , W . (2003) . Sensory stimulation programme to imrpove recovery in comatose patients . Journal of Clinical Nursing , 12 : 394 – 404 .
  • Partridge , CJ and Weerdt , W . (1995) . Different approaches to physiotherapy in stroke . Reviews in Clinical Gerontology , 5 : 199 – 209 .
  • Hauber , Pickett R and Testani-Dufour , L . (2000) . Living in limbo: The low-level brain injured patient and the patient's family . Journal of Neuroscience Nursing , 32 : 22 – 26 .
  • Pohl , M , Mehrholz , J and Ruckriem , S . (2003) . The influence of illness duration and level of consciousness on the treatment effect and complication rate of serial casting in patients with severe spasticity . Clinical Rehabilitation , 17 : 373 – 379 .
  • Pomeroy , VM and Tallis , RC . (2002) . Restoring movement and functional ability after stroke . Physiotherapy , 88 ( 1 ) : 3 – 17 .
  • Pope , P . (1992) . Management of the physical condition in patients with chronic and severe neurological pathologies . Physiotherapy , 78 ( 12 ) : 896 – 902 .
  • Richardson , D . (1991) . The use of tilt table to effect passive tendo-achilles stretch in a patient with head injury . Physiotherapy Theory and Practice , 7 : 45 – 50 .
  • Richardson , D . (2002) . Physical therapy in spasticity. The modern management of adult spasticity: An evidence-based approach . European Journal of Neurology , 9 ( Suppl.1 ) : 17 – 22 .
  • Royal College of Physicians . (2003a) . The vegetative state: Guidance on diagnosis and management . Clinical Medicine , 3 : 249 – 254 .
  • Royal College of Physicians (2003b) Rehabilitation following acquired brain injury—National clinical guidelines Sudbury UK Lavenham Press
  • Sheean GL (1998) The treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin In G. L. Sheean (Ed.), Spasticity rehabilitation Edinburgh UK Churchill Communication Europe Ltd
  • Shiel , A , Burn , JPS , Henry , D , Clark , J , Wilson , BA , Burnett , ME and McLellan , DL . (2001) . The effects of increased rehabilitation therapy after brain injury: Results of a prospective controlled trial . Clinical Rehabilitation , 15 : 501 – 514 .
  • Shiel , A , Gelling , L , Wilson , BA , Coleman , M and Pickard , JD . (2004) . Difficulties in diagnosing the vegetative state . British Journal of Neurosurgery , 18 ( 1 ) : 5 – 7 .
  • Shiel , A , Horn , S , Wilson , BA , Watson , M , Campbell , MJ and McLellan , DL . (2000) . The Wessex Head Injury Matric (WHIM) main scale: A preliminary report on a scale to assess and monitor patient recovery after severe head injury . Clinical Rehabilitation , 14 : 408 – 416 .
  • Shumway-Cook , A , Anson , D and Haller , S . (1988) . Postural sway biofeedback: Its effect on re-establishing stance stability in hemiplegic patients . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 69 : 395 – 400 .
  • Shumway-Cook A Woollacott MH (2001) Motor control theory and practical application (2nd ed.). USA Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  • Singer , B , Singer , KP and Allison , G . (2001) . Serial plaster casting to correct equino-varus deformity of the ankle following acquired brain injury in adults . Disability and Rehabilitation , 23 ( 18 ) : 829 – 836 .
  • Singer , BJ , Jegasothy , GM , Singer , KP and Allison , GT . (2003) . Evaluation of serial casting to correct eqinovarus deformity of the ankle after acquired brain injury in adults . Archives of Physical Medical Rehabilitation , 84 : 483 – 491 .
  • Slade , A , Camberlain , MA and Tennant , A . (2002) . A randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of intensity of therapy on length of stay in a neurological rehabilitation setting . Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 34 ( 6 ) : 260 – 266 .
  • Tardieu , C , Lespargot , A , Tabary , C and Bret , MD . (1988) . For how long must the soleus muscle be stretched each day to prevent contracture? . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 30 : 3 – 10 .
  • Taub , E and Uswatte , G . (2003) . Constraint-induced movement therapy: Bridging from the primate laboratory to the stroke rehabiltation laboratory . Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 41 : 34 – 40 .
  • Tolfts , A and Stiller , K . (1997) . Do patients with traumatic brain injury benefit from physiotherapy? A review of the evidence . Physiotherapy Theory and Practice , 13 : 197 – 206 .
  • Tolle , P and Reimer , M . (2003) . Do we need stimulation programs as a part of nursing care for patients in “persistent vegetative state?” A conceptual analysis . AXON , 25 ( 2 ) : 20 – 26 .
  • Tuel , SM , Presty , SK , Meythaler , JM , Heinemann , AW and Katz , RT . (1992) . Functional improvement in severe head injury after readmission for rehabilitation . Brain Injury , 6 : 363 – 372 .
  • United States Department of Health and Human Services . (1998) . Rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury. NIH consensus statement . Department of Health , 8 ( 4 )
  • Wales , LR and Bernhardt , JA . (2000) . A case for slow to recover rehabilitation services following severe acquired brain injury . Australian Journal of Physiotherapy , 46 : 143 – 146 .
  • Watson , MJ . (2001) . Do patients with severe traumatic brain injury benefit from physiotherapy? A review of the evidence . Physical Therapy Reviews , 6 : 233 – 249 .
  • Weber , P . (1984) . Sensorimotor therapy: Its effect on electroencephalograms of acute comatose patients . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 65 : 457 – 462 .
  • Wenger , NK . (1982) . Early ambulation . Advances in Cardiology , 31 : 138 – 141 .
  • Whyte , J and Glenn , MB . (1986) . The care and rehabilitation of the patient in a persistent vegetative state . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 1 : 39
  • Wolfe , CDA , Tilling , K , Beech , R and Rudd , AG . (1999) . Variation in case fatality and dependency from stroke in Western and Central Europe . Stroke , 30 : 350 – 356 .
  • Wood , R . (1991) . Critical analysis of the concept of sensory stimulation for patients in vegetative states . Brain Injury , 4 : 401 – 410 .
  • Wood , RL , Winkowski , TB , Miller , JL , Tierney , L and Goldman , L . (1992) . Evaluating sensory regulation as a method to improve awareness in patients with altered states of consciousness: A pilot study . Brain Injury , 6 : 411 – 418 .
  • Yarkony , G and Sahgal , V . (1987) . Contractures: A major complication of craniocerebral trauma . Clinical Orthopaedics , 93 : 216 – 219 .
  • Zhu , XL , Poon , WS , Chan , CH and Chan , SH . (2001) . Does intensive rehabilitation improve the functional outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury? Interim result of a randomised controlled trial . British Journal of Neurosurgery , 15 ( 6 ) : 464 – 473 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.