What do we mean by “conscious” and “aware”?

References

• Aserinsky , E. and Kleitman , N. 1955 . Two types of ocular motility occuring during sleep . Journal of Applied Physiology , 8 : 1 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baars , B. J. 2002 . The conscious access hypothesis: Origins and recent evidence . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 6 : 47 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. 1995 . Mindblindness , Cambridge : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bassetti , C. , Vella , S. , Donati , F. , Wielepp , P. and Weder , B. 2000 . SPECT during sleepwalking . Lancet , 356 : 484 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beninger , R. J. , Kendall , S. B. and Vanderwolf , C. H. 1974 . The ability of rats to discriminate their own behaviour . Canadian Journal of Psychology , 28 : 79 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger , H. 1929 . Uber das elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen . Archives of Psychiatry , 87 : 527 – 570 .
   Google Scholar
• Berns , G. S. , Cohen , J. D. and Mintun , M. A. 1997 . Brain regions responsive to novelty in the absence of awareness . Science , 276 : 1272 – 1275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrios , G. E. and Markova , I. S. 2003 . “ The self and psychiatry: A conceptual history ” . In The self in neuroscience and psychiatry , Edited by: Kircher , T. and David , A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Broks , P. 2003 . Into the silent land , London : Atlantic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Chalmers , D. J. 1996 . The conscious mind , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dehaene , S. and Naccache , L. 2003 . Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and workspace framework . Cognition , 79 : 1 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehaene , S. , Naccache , L. , Le Clec , H. G. , Koechlin , E. , Mueller , M. and Dehaene-Lambertz , G. 1998 . Imaging unconscious semantic priming . Nature , 395 : 595 – 600 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dement , W. and Kleitman , N. 1957 . Cyclic variations in EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility, and dreaming . Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 9 : 673 – 690 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engel , A. K. , Fries , P. , Roelfsema , P. R. , Konig , P. and Singer , W. 2000 . Temporal binding, binocular rivalry, and consciousness Available from: http://www.phil.vt.edu/ASSC/engel/engel.html
   Google Scholar
• Ffytche , D. H. , Howard , R. J. , Brammer , M. J. , David , A. , Woodruff , P. and Williams , S. 1998 . The anatomy of conscious vision: An fMRI study of visual hallucinations . Nature Neuroscience , 1 : 738 – 742 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frith , C. D. and Frith , U. 1999 . Interacting minds—a biological basis . Science , 286 : 1692 – 1695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallop , G. G. 1970 . Chimpanzees: Self-recognition . Science , 167 : 86 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton , R. R. Rhesus monkeys know when they remember . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . USA. Vol. 98 , pp. 5359 – 5362 .
   Google Scholar
• Hobson , J. A. and Pace-Schott , E. F. 2002 . The cognitive neuroscience of sleep: Neuronal systems, consciousness and learning . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 3 : 679 – 693 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey , N. 1978 . Nature's psychologists . New Scientist , 78 : 900 – 903 .
   Google Scholar
• Ishai , A. , Ungerleider , L. and Haxby , J. V. 2000 . Distributed neural systems for the generation of visual images . Neuron , 28 : 979 – 990 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennett , B. 2005 . The vegetative state , (1st ed.) , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• John , E. R. , Prichep , L. S. , Kox , W. , Valdes-Sosa , P. , Bosch-Bayard , J. , Aubert , E. , Tom , M. , diMichele , F. and Gugino , L. D. 2001 . Invariant reversible QEEG effects of anesthetics . Consciousness and Cognition , 10 : 165 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanwisher , N. 2000 . “ Neural correlates of changes in perceptual awareness in the absence of changes in the stimuls ” . In Towards a science of consciousness Abstr. No. 164
   Google Scholar
• Kanwisher , N. 2001 . Neural events and perceptual awareness . Cognition , 79 : 89 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laureys , S. , Berre , J. and Goldman , S. 2001 . “ Cerebral function in coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state, locked-in syndrome and brain death ” . In Yearbook of intensvie care and emergency medicine , Edited by: Vincent , J. L. 386 – 396 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Laureys , S. , Faymonvillem , M.-E. , Degueldre , C. , Delfiore , G. , Damas , P. , Lambermont , B. , Janssens , N. , Aerts , J. , Franck , G. , Luxen , A. , Moonen , G. , Lamy , M. and Maquet , P. 2000 . Auditory processing in the vegetative state . Brain , 123 : 1589 – 1601 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , C. S. 1960 . Studies in words , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Llinas , R. and Ribary , U. Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . USA. Vol. 90 , pp. 2078 – 2081 .
   Google Scholar
• Mahowald , M. W. and Schenck , C. H. 1992 . Dissociated states of wakefulness and sleep . Neurology , 42 : 44 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinn , C. 1991 . The problem of consciousness , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Moruzzi , G. and Magoun , H. W. 1949 . Brain stem reticular formation and the activation of the EEG . Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 1 : 455 – 473 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moutoussis , K. and Zeki , S. The relationship between cortical activation and percpetion investigated with invisible stimuli . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . USA. Vol. 99 , pp. 9527 – 9532 .
   Google Scholar
• Nagel , T. 1979 . “ What is it like to be a bat? ” . In Mortal Questions , 165 – 180 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• O'Regan , J. K. and Noe , A. 2001 . A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness . Behavioural Brain Science , 24 : 939 – 973 .
   Google Scholar
• Petersen , S. E. , van Mier , H. , Fiez , J. A. and Raichle , M. E. The effects of practice on the functional anatomy of task performance . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . USA. Vol. 95 , pp. 853 – 860 .
   Google Scholar
• Rees , G. , Wojciulik , E. , Clarke , K. , Husain , M. , Frith , C. and Driver , J. 2000 . Unconscious activation of visual cortex in the damaged right hemisphere of a parietal patient with extinction . Brain , 123 ( Pt 8 ) : 1624 – 1633 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reiss , D. and Marino , L. Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . USA. Vol. 98 , pp. 5937 – 5942 .
   Google Scholar
• Robbins , T. W. and Everitt , B. J. 1995 . “ Arousal systems and attention ” . In The cognitive neurosciences , Edited by: Gazzaniga , M. S. 703 – 720 . Cambridge : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sahraie , A. , Weiskrantz , L. , Barbur , J. L. , Simmons , A. , Williams , S. C. and Brammer , M. J. Pattern of neuronal activity associated with conscious and unconscious processing of visual signals . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . USA. Vol. 94 , pp. 9406 – 9411 .
   Google Scholar
• Schenck , C. H. , Bundlie , S. R. , Ettinger , M. G. and Mahowald , M. W. 1986 . Chronic behavioural disorders of human REM sleep: A new category of parasomnia . Sleep , 9 : 293 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiel , A. , Horn , S. A. , Wilson , B. A. , Watson , M. J. , Campbell , M. J. and McLellan , D. L. 2000 . The Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM) main scale: A preliminary report on a scale to assess and monitor patient recovery after severe head injury . Clinical Rehabilitation , 14 : 408 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , J. D. , Shields , W. E. and Washburn , D. A. 2003 . The comparative psychology of uncertainty monitoring and metacognition . Behavioural Brain Science , 26 : 317 – 339 .
   Google Scholar
• Sobel , N. , Prabhakaran , V. , Hartley , C. A. , Desmond , J. E. , Glover , G. H. , Sullivan , E. V. and Gabrieli , J. D. 1999 . Blind smell: Brain activation induced by an undetected air-borne chemical . Brain , 122 ( Pt 2 ) : 209 – 217 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teasdale , G. and Jennett , B. 1974 . Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale . Lancet , 2 : 81 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tononi , G. and Edelman , G. M. 1998 . Consciousness and complexity . Science , 282 : 1846 – 1851 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving , E. 1985 . Memory and consciousness . Canadian Psychology , 26 : 1 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiskrantz , L. 1998 . Blindsight: A case study and implications , (2nd ed.) , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Working Party of the Royal College of Physicians . 2003 . The Vegetative State: Guidance on Diagnosis and Management , London : Royal College of Physcians of London .
   Google Scholar
• Zeki , S. 1990 . A century of cerebral achromatopsia . Brain , 113 ( Pt 6 ) : 1721 – 1777 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeki , S. 1991 . Cerebral akinetopsia (visual motion blindness): A review . Brain , 114 ( Pt 2 ) : 811 – 824 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeman , A. 2001 . Consciousness . Brain , 124 : 1263 – 1289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeman , A. 2003 . Consciousness: A user's guide , London : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zeman , A. 2004 . “ Theories of visual awareness ” . In The roots of visual awareness , Edited by: Heywood , C. A. , Milner , D. A. and Blakemore , C. 321 – 329 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Zimmer , C. 2004 . Soul made flesh , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar