Life goals after brain injury in the light of the dual process approach: Empirical evidence and implications for neuropsychological rehabilitation

REFERENCES

• Abreu , B. C. , Zgaljardic , D. J. , Seale , G. , Temple , R. O. , Borod , J. C. , Ostir , G. and Ottenbacher , K. J. 2009 . “ Emotional regulation, processing, and recovery after acquired brain injury ” . In Life Balance: Multidisciplinary Theories and Research , Edited by: Matuska , K. and Christiansen , C. 223 – 240 . Bethesda, MD : AOTA Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bay , E. , Hagerty , B. M. and Williams , R. A. 2007 . Depressive symptomatology after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury: A comparison of three measures . Archives of Psychiatric Nursing , 21 ( 1 ) : 2 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beetz , A. M. 2002 . Love, Violence and Sexuality in Relationships Between Humans and Animals , Aachen, Germany : Shaker .
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Yishay , Y. and Gold , J. 1990 . “ Therapeutic milieu approach to neuropsychological rehabilitation ” . In Neuro-Behavioral Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury , Edited by: Wood , R. L. 194 – 215 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Brandstätter, J. (1998) Action perspectives on human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1. pp. 807–863). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Brandstätter , V. , Lengfelder , A. and Gollwitzer , P. M. 2010 . Implementation intentions and efficient action initiation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 946 – 960 .
   Google Scholar
• Brandtstädter , J. 2009 . Goal pursuit and adjustment: Self-regulation and intentional self-development in changing developmental contexts . Advances in Life Course Research , 14 : 52 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandtstädter , J. and Rothermund , K. 2002 . The life-course dynamics of goal pursuit and goal adjustment: A two-process framework . Developmental Review , 22 ( 1 ) : 117 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , M. and Vandergoot , D. 1998 . Quality of life for individuals with traumatic brain injury: Comparison with others living in the community . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 13 ( 4 ) : 1 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunstein , J. C. 1993 . Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 65 ( 5 ) : 1061 – 1070 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunstein , J. C. , Maier , G. W. and Schultheiß , O. C. 1999 . “ Motivation und Persönlichkeit: Von der Analyse von Teilsystemen zur Analyse ihrer Interaktionen [Motivation and personality: From the analysis of subsystems to the analysis of their interaction] ” . In Emotion, Motivation und Leistung [Emotion, Motivation, and Performance] , Edited by: Jerusalem , M. and Pekrun , R. 147 – 167 . Göttingen : Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• Brunstein , J. C. , Schultheiss , O. C. and Grassman , R. 1998 . Personal goals and emotional well-being: The moderating role of motive dispositions . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 ( 2 ) : 494 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunstein , J. C. , Schultheiß , O. C. and Grassman , R. 1999 . “ The pursuit of personal goals: A motivational approach to well-being and life adjustment ” . In Action and Self-Development: Theory and research through the life-span , Edited by: Brandtstädter , J. and Lerner , R. M. 169 – 196 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Böcker, M., Eberle, N., Wirtz, M., Hesse, M., & Gauggel, S. (2009). Entwicklung und erste Validierung der Aachener Funktionsfähigkeits-Itembank. Paper presented at the 18. Rehabilitationswissenschaftliches Kolloquium: Innovation in der Rehabilitation – Kommunikation und Vernetzung, Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Cantor , J. B. , Ashman , T. A. , Schwartz , M. E. , Gordon , W. A. , Hibbard , M. R. , Brown , M. and Cheng , Z. 2005 . The role of self-discrepancy theory in understanding post-traumatic brain injury affective disorders: A pilot study . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 20 ( 6 ) : 527 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicerone , K. D. and Azulay , J. 2007 . Perceived self-efficacy and life-statisfaction after traumatic brain injury . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 22 : 257 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicerone , K. D. , Mott , T. , Azulay , J. , Sharlow-Galella , M. A. , Ellmo , W. J. , Paradise , S. and Friel , J. C. 2008 . A randomized controlled trial of holistic neuropsychologic rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 89 : 2239 – 2249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collicut McGrath , J. and Linley , P. A. 2006 . Post-traumatic growth and acquired brain injury: A preliminary small-scale study . Brain Injury , 20 : 767 – 773 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad , N. , Doering , B. K. , Rief , W. and Exner , C. 2010 . Looking beyond the importance of life goals: The personal goal model of subjective well-being in neuropsychological rehabilitation . Clinical Rehabilitation , 24 : 431 – 443 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan , J. D. , Bogner , J. A. , Mysiw , W. J. , Clinchot , D. and Fugate , L. M. 2001 . Life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 16 ( 6 ) : 543 – 555 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan , J. D. , Smith-Knapp , K. and Granger , C. V. 1998 . Outcomes in the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 79 ( 3 ) : 298 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford , J. R. and Henry , J. D. 2004 . The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 43 : 245 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross , E. M. and Chaffin , W. W. 1982 . Use of the binomial theorem in interpreting results of multiple tests of significance . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 42 : 25 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener , E. 1994 . Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities . Social Indicators Research , 31 : 103 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener , E. , Emmons , R. A. , Larsen , R. J. and Griffin , S. 1985 . The Satisfaction With Life Scale . Journal of Personality Assessment , 49 ( 1 ) : 71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkers , M. P. 2004 . Quality of life after traumatic brain injury: A review of research approaches and findings . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 85 ( Suppl. 2 ) : 21 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doering , B. K. , Conrad , N. , Rief , W. and Exner , C. 2010 . Selbstkonzept nach erworbenen Hirnschädigungen: Veränderungen der Selbstwahrnehmung und Subjektives Wohlbefinden. [Self-concept after acquired brain injury: Changes in perception of self and subjective well-being] . Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie , 21 : 39 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons , R. A. and Kaiser , H. A. 1996 . “ Goal orientation and emotional well-being: Linking goals and affect through the self ” . In Striving and Feeling: Interactions among goals, affect and self-regulation , Edited by: Martin , L. and Tesser , A. 79 – 98 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Feeney , T. J. 2010 . There's always something that works: Principles and practices of positive support for individuals with traumatic brain injury and problem behaviors . Seminars in Speech and Language , 31 ( 3 ) : 145 – 161 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fischer , S. , Gauggel , S. and Trexler , L. E. 2004 . Awareness of activity limitations, goal setting, and rehabilitation outcome in patients with brain injuries . Brain Injury , 18 ( 6 ) : 547 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming , J. M. and Ownsworth , T. 2006 . A review of awareness interventions in brain injury rehabilitation . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 16 ( 4 ) : 474 – 500 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer , P. M. and Sheeran , P. 2006 . Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes . Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , 38 : 69 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gracey , F. , Evans , J. J. and Malley , D. 2009 . Capturing process and outcome in complex rehabilitation interventions: A "Y-shaped" model . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 19 ( 6 ) : 867 – 890 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley , S. M. , Coster , W. J. , Andres , P. L. , Ludlow , L. H. , Ni , P. Bond , T. L. Y. 2004 . Activity outcome measurement for post-acute care . Medical Care , 42 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 49 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , T. and Evans , J. 2006 . Self-regulation and goal theories in brain injury rehabilitation . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 21 ( 2 ) : 142 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautzinger , M. and Bailer , M. 1993 . Die allgemeine Depressionsskala (ADS) , Weinheim, Germany : Beltz Test Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Hawley , C. A. and Joseph , S. 2008 . Predictors of positive growth after traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal study . Brain Injury , 22 ( 5 ) : 427 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemann , A. W. , Sokol , K. , Garvin , L. and Bode , R. K. 2002 . Measuring unmet needs and services among persons with traumatic brain injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 83 : 1052 – 1059 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemann , A. W. and Whiteneck , G. G. 1995 . Relationships among impairment, disability, handicap, and life satisfaction in persons with traumatic brain injury . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 10 ( 4 ) : 54 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , M. V. and Miklos , C. S. 2002 . Activity-related quality of life in rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 83 ( 12, Supplement 1 ) : s26 – s38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall , E. and Terry , D. 1996 . Psychosocial adjustment following closed head injury: A model for understanding individual differences and predicting outcome . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 6 ( 2 ) : 101 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , M. R. T. , Coelho , C. , Turkstra , L. , Ylvisaker , M. , Sohlberg , M. M. Yorkston , K. 2008 . Intervention for executive functions after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review, meta-analysis and clinical recommendations . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 18 ( 3 ) : 257 – 299 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinger , E. 1977 . Meaning and Void: Inner experience and incentives in people's life , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krohne , H. W. , Egloff , B. , Kohlmann , C.-W. and Tausch , A. 1996 . Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Form der Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [Investigations with a German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)] . Diagnostica , 42 : 139 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengfelder , A. and Gollwitzer , P. M. 2001 . Reflective and reflexive action control in patients with frontal brain lesions . Neuropsychology , 15 ( 1 ) : 80 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , B. , Robertson , I. H. , Clare , L. , Carter , G. , Hong , J. Wilson , B. A. 2000 . Rehabilitation of executive functioning: An experimental-clinical validation of goal-management training . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 6 : 299 – 312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malec , J. F. 1999 . Goal attainment scaling in rehabilitation . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 9 ( 3 ) : 253 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath , J. R. and Adams , L. 1999 . Patient centred goal planning: A systematic psychological therapy? . Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation , 6 ( 2 ) : 43 – 50 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McPherson , K. M. , Kayes , N. and Weatherall , M. 2009 . A pilot study of self-regulation informed goal-setting in people with traumatic brain injury . Clinical Rehabilitation , 23 : 293 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair , K. 2003 . Life goals: The concept and its relevance to rehabilitation . Clinical Rehabilitation , 17 ( 2 ) : 521 – 527 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair , K. and Wade , D. 2003a . Changes in life goals of people with neurological disabilities . Clinical Rehabilitation , 17 : 797 – 803 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair , K. and Wade , D. 2003b . Life goals of people with disbilities due to neurological disorders . Clinical Rehabilitation , 5 : 521 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Ostir , G. V. , Smith , P. M. , Smith , D. and Ottenbacher , K. J. 2005 . Reliability of the Positive and Negative Affect schedule (PANAS) in medical rehabilitation . Clinical Rehabilitation , 19 ( 7 ) : 767 – 769 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pöhlmann , K. and Brunstein , J. C. 1997 . GOALS: Ein Fragebogen zur Messung von Lebenszielen [GOALS: A questionnaire for the measurement of life goals] . Diagnostica , 43 : 63 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Pöhlmann , K. , Brunstein , J. C. , Koch , R. , Brähler , E. and Joraschky , P. 2010 . Der Lebenszielfragebogen GOALS: Befunde zur inneren und externen Validität auf der Basis einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstichprobe und einer klinischen Stichprobe. [The life goals questionnaire GOALS: Data on reliability and validity from a population-based survey and a clinical sample.] . Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie , 19 ( 2 ) : 70 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Radloff , L. S. 1977 . The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Applied Psychological Measurement , 1 ( 3 ) : 385 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rath , J. , Simon , D. , Langenbahn , D. , Sherr , R. L. and Diller , L. 2003 . Group treatment of problem solving deficits in outpatients with traumatic brain injury: A randomized outcomes study . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 10 ( 2 ) : 461 – 488 .
   Google Scholar
• Resch , J. A. , Villarreal , V. , Johnson , C. L. , Kwok , O.-M. , Underhill , A. T. , Berry , J. W. and Elliott , T. R. 2009 . Trajectories of life satisfaction in the first 5 years following traumatic brain injury . Rehabilitation Psychology , 54 ( 1 ) : 51 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon , K. M. and Kasser , T. 1998 . Pursuing personal goals: Skills enable progress, but not all progress is beneficial . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 24 ( 12 ) : 1319 – 1331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon , K. M. and Krieger , L. S. 2007 . Understanding the negative effects of legal education on law students: A longitudinal test of self-determination theory . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 33 : 883 – 897 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherr , R. L. and Langenbahn , D. M. 1992 . An approach to large-scale outpatient neuropsychological rehabilitation . Neuropsychology , 6 : 417 – 426 .
   Google Scholar
• Siegert , R. J. and Taylor , W. J. 2004 . Theoretical aspects of goal-setting and motivation in rehabilitation . Disability and Rehabilitation , 26 ( 1 ) : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , D. , Clark , L. A. and Tellegen , A. 1988 . Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 1063 – 1070 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitnall , L. , McMillan , T. M. , Murray , G. D. and Teasdale , G. M. 2006 . Disability in young people and adults after head injury: 5–7 year follow up of a prospective cohort study . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry , 77 ( 5 ) : 640 – 645 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , B. A. 2002 . Towards a comprehensive model of cognitive rehabilitation . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 12 ( 2 ) : 97 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , B. A. 2008 . Neuropsychological rehabilitation . Annual Reviews of Clinical Psychology , 4 : 141 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , B. A. , Evans , J. J. and Keohane , C. 2002 . Cognitive rehabilitation: A goal-planning approach . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 17 ( 6 ) : 542 – 555 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrosch , C. , Scheier , M. F. , Miller , W. R. , Schulz , R. and Carver , C. S. 2003 . Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 29 ( 12 ) : 1494 – 1508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ylvisaker , M. , McPherson , K. , Kayes , N. and Pellett , E. 2008 . Metaphoric identity mapping: Facilitating goal setting and engagement in rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 18 ( 5/6 ) : 713 – 741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar