General intellectual impairment in chronic right hemisphere damaged patients with anosognosia: A group study

REFERENCES

• Appelros , P. , Karlsson , G. M. and Hennerdal , S. 2007 . Anosognosia versus unilateral neglect. Coexistence and their relations to age, stroke severity, lesion site and cognition . European Journal of Neurology , 14 ( 1 ) : 54 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babinski , A. 1914 . Contribution à l'étude des troubles mentaux dans l'hémiplégie organique cérébrale . Revue Neurologique , 27 : 845 – 848 .
   Google Scholar
• Berti , A. , Bottini , G. , Gandola , M. , Pia , L. , Smania , N. , Stracciari , A. , Castiglioni , I. , Vallar , G. and Paulesu , E. 2005 . Shared cortical anatomy for motor awareness and motor control . Science , 309 : 488 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berti , A. , Ladavas , E. and Della Corte , M. 1996 . Anosognosia for hemiplegia, neglect dyslexia, and drawing neglect: Clinical findings and theoretical considerations . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 2 ( 5 ) : 426 – 440 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bisiach , E. , Vallar , G. , Perani , D. , Papagno , C. and Berti , A. 1986 . Unilateral neglect: Personal and extra-personal . Neuropsychologia , 24 ( 6 ) : 759 – 767 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Critchley , M. 1953 . The parietal lobes , New York, NY : Hafner .
   Google Scholar
• Cutting , J. 1978 . Study of anosognosia . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 41 ( 6 ) : 548 – 555 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein , M. F. , Folstein , S. E. and McHugh , P. R. 1975 . “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 ( 3 ) : 189 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gialanella , B. and Mattioli , F. 1992 . Anosognosia and extrapersonal neglect as predictors of functional recovery following right hemisphere stroke . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 2 : 169 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Gialanella , B. , Mattioli , F. , Rocchi , S. and Ferlucci , C. 2009 . Verbal intelligence in neglect: The role of anosognosia for hemiplegia . European Journal of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine , 45 ( 3 ) : 363 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain , M. and Rorden , C. 2003 . Non-spatially lateralized mechanisms in hemispatial neglect . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 4 ( 1 ) : 26 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jehkonen , M. , Ahonen , J. P. , Dastidar , P. , Koivisto , A. M. , Laippala , P. , Vilkki , J. and Molnár , G. 2001 . Predictors of discharge to home during the first year after right hemisphere stroke . Acta Neurologica Scandinavica , 104 ( 3 ) : 136 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , D. N. 1990 . Unawareness of visual and sensorimotor defects: A hypothesis . Brain Cognition , 13 ( 2 ) : 233 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , D. N. , Calvanio , R. and Rinn , W. E. 1991 . The pathogenesis of anosognosia for hemiplegia . Neurology , 41 ( 11 ) : 1770 – 1781 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire , A. M. and Ogden , J. A. 2002 . MRI brain scan analyses and neuropsychological profiles of nine patients with persisting unilateral neglect . Neuropsychologia , 40 ( 7 ) : 879 – 887 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcel , A. J. , Tegner , R. and Nimmo-Smith , I. 2004 . Anosognosia for plegia: Specificity, extension, partiality and disunity of bodily unawareness . Cortex , 40 ( 1 ) : 19 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mort , D. J. , Malhotra , P. , Mannan , S. K. , Rorden , C. , Pambakian , A. , Kennand , C. and Husain , M. 2003 . The anatomy of visual neglect . Brain , 126 : 1986 – 1997 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsini , A. and Laicardi , C. 1997 . WAIS-R “Contributo alla taratura italiana” , Firenze , , Italy : OS Organizzazioni Speciali .
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen , P. M. , Jørgensen , H. S. , Nakayama , H. , Raaschou , H. O. and Olsen , T. S. 1996 . Orientation in the acute and chronic stroke patient: Impact on ADL and social activities. The Copenhagen Stroke Study . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 77 ( 4 ) : 336 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pia , L. , Neppi-Modona , M. , Ricci , R. and Berti , A. 2004 . The anatomy of anosognosia for hemiplegia: A meta-analysis . Cortex , 40 ( 2 ) : 367 – 377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuelsson , H. , Jensen , C. , Ekholm , S. , Naver , H. and Blomstrand , C. 1997 . Anatomical and neurological correlates of acute and chronic visuospatial neglect following right hemisphere stroke . Cortex , 33 ( 2 ) : 271 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small , M. and Ellis , S. 1996 . Denial of hemiplegia: An investigation into the theories of causation . European Neurology , 36 ( 6 ) : 353 – 363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein , S. E. , Fedoroff , J. P. , Price , T. R. , Leiguarda , R. and Robinson , R. G. 1992 . Anosognosia in patients with cerebrovascular lesions. A study of causative factors . Stroke , 23 ( 10 ) : 1446 – 1453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein , S. E. , Fedoroff , J. P. , Price , T. R. , Leiguarda , R. and Robinson , R. G. 1993 . Apathy following cerebrovascular lesions . Stroke , 24 ( 11 ) : 1625 – 1630 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone , S. P. , Patel , P. , Greenwood , R. J. and Halligan , P. W. 1992 . Measuring visual neglect in acute stroke and predicting its recovery: The visual neglect recovery index . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 55 ( 6 ) : 431 – 436 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone , S. P. , Wilson , B. , Wroot , A. , Halligan , P. W. , Lange , L. S. , Marshall , J. C. and Greenwood , R. J. 1991 . The assessment of visuo-spatial neglect after acute stroke . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 54 ( 4 ) : 345 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. , Benson , D. F. , Clermont , R. , Della Malva , C. L. , Kaplan , E. F. and Weir , W. S. 1986 . Language functioning after bilateral prefrontal leukotomy . Brain Language , 28 ( 1 ) : 66 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trahan , D. E. 1997 . Relationship between facial discrimination and visual neglect in patients with unilateral vascular lesions . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 12 ( 1 ) : 57 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallar , G. , Antonucci , G. , Guariglia , C. and Pizzamiglio , L. 1993 . Deficits of position sense, unilateral neglect and optokinetic stimulation . Neuropsychologia , 31 ( 11 ) : 1191 – 1200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallar , G. and Ronchi , R. 2006 . Anosognosia for motor and sensory deficits after unilateral brain damage: A review . Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience , 24 ( 4–6 ) : 247 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venneri , A. and Shanks , M. F. 2004 . Belief and awareness: Reflections on a case of persistent anosognosia . Neuropsychologia , 42 ( 2 ) : 230 – 238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willanger , R. , Danielsen , U. T. and Ankerhus , J. 1981 . Denial and neglect of hemiparesis in right-sided apoplectic lesions . Acta Neurolologica Scandinavica , 64 ( 5 ) : 310 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein , E. A. and Kahn , R. L. 1950 . The syndrome of anosognosia . Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry , 64 ( 6 ) : 772 – 791 .
   Google Scholar
• Weintraub , S. and Mesulam , M. M. 1988 . Visual hemispatial inattention: Stimulus parameters and exploratory strategies . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 51 ( 12 ) : 1481 – 1488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar