REFERENCES
- Alderman , N. 2003 . Contemporary approaches to the management of irritability and aggression following traumatic brain injury . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 13 ( 13 ) : 211 – 240 . (doi:10.1080/09602010244000327)
- Alderman , N. and Burgess , P. W. 1994 . A comparison of treatment methods for behaviour disorder following Herpes Simplex encephalitis . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 4 ( 1 ) : 31 – 48 . (doi:10.1080/09602019408401454)
- Anderson , C. A. and Bushman , B. J. 2002 . Human aggression . Annual Review of Psychology , 53 : 27 – 51 . (doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231)
- Averill , J. R. 1983 . Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion . American Psychologist , 38 : 1145 – 1160 . (doi:10.1037/0003-066X.38.11.1145)
- Baguley , I. J. , Cooper , J. and Felmingham , K. 2006 . Aggressive behavior following traumatic brain injury: How common is common? . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 21 ( 1 ) : 45 – 56 . (doi:10.1097/00001199-200601000-00005)
- Bandura , A. 1973 . “ Psychological mechanisms of aggression ” . In Aggression: Theoretical and empirical views , Edited by: Geen , R. G. and Donnerstein , E. I. Vol. 1 , 1 – 40 . New York , NY : Academic Press .
- Bargh , J. A. and Chartand , T. L. 1999 . The unbearable automaticity of being . American Psychologist , 54 ( 7 ) : 462 – 479 . (doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.462)
- Barrowclough , C. and MacKay , N. 2005 . Accident and emergency staff's perceptions of deliberate self-harm: Attributions, emotions and willingness to help . British Journal of Clinical Psychology. , 44 ( 2 ) : 255 – 267 . (doi:10.1348/014466505X29620)
- Berkowitz , L. 1989 . Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis: Examination and reformulation . Psychological Bulletin , 106 ( 1 ) : 59 – 73 . (doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59)
- Berkowitz , L. 1990 . On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationist analysis . American Psychologist , 45 ( 4 ) : 494 – 503 . (doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.494)
- Berkowitz , L. 2008 . On the consideration of automatic as well as controlled psychological processes in aggression . Aggressive Behavior , 34 : 117 – 129 . (doi:10.1002/ab.20244)
- Brooks , D. N. , Campsie , L. , Symmington , C. , Beattie , A. and McKinlay , W. 1986 . A five year outcome of severe blunt head injury. A relative's view . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 49 : 764 – 770 . (doi:10.1136/jnnp.49.7.764)
- Bushman , B. J. and Anderson , C. A. 2001 . Is it time to pull the plug on the hostile versus instrumental aggression dichotomy? . Psychological Review , 108 : 273 – 279 . (doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.1.273)
- Cattelani , R. , Zettin , M. and Zoccolotti , P. 2010 . Rehabilitation treatments for adults with behavioral and psychosocial disorders following acquired brain injury: A systematic review . Neuropsychological Review , 20 : 52 – 85 . doi: 10.1007/s11065-009-9125-y, (doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9125-y)
- Convey , J. 1986 . A record of violence . Nursing Times , 82 : 36 – 38 .
- Crick , N. R. and Dodge , K. A. 1996 . Social information-processing mechanisms on reactive and proactive aggression . Child Development , 67 : 993 – 1002 . (doi:10.2307/1131875)
- Dagnan , D. and Cairns , M. 2005 . Staff judgements of responsibility for the challenging behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 40 : 95 – 101 . (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00665.x)
- Dellinger , A. B. and Leech , N. L. 2007 . Towards a unified validation framework in mixed method research . Journal of Mixed Methods Research , 1 : 309 – 332 . (doi:10.1177/1558689807306147)
- Dollard , J. , Doob , L. , Miller , N. , Mowrer , O. and Sears , R. 1939 . Frustration and aggression , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
- Dooley , J. J. , Anderson , V. , Hemphill , S. A. and Ohan , J. 2008 . Aggression after paediatric traumatic brain injury: A theoretical approach . Brain Injury , 22 ( 11 ) : 836 – 846 . (doi:10.1080/02699050802425444)
- Ducharme , J. M. and Harris , K. E. 2005 . Errorless embedding for children with on-task and conduct difficulties: Rapport based, success focussed intervention in the classroom . Behavior Therapy , 36 : 213 – 222 . (doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80070-X)
- Eames , P. 1992 . Hysteria following brain injury . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 55 : 1046 – 1053 . (doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.11.1046)
- Eames , P. , Cotterill , G. , Kneale , T. A. , Storrar , A. L. and Yeomans , P. 1995 . Outcome of intensive rehabilitation after severe brain injury . Brain Injury , 10 ( 9 ) : 631 – 650 . (doi:10.1080/026990596124061)
- Eames , P. and Wood , R. L. 1985 . Rehabilitation after severe brain injury: A follow-up study of a behavior modification approach . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 48 : 613 – 619 . (doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.7.613)
- Finfgeld-Connett , D. 2009 . Management of aggression among demented or brain-injured patients . Clinical Nursing Research , 18 ( 3 ) : 272 – 287 . doi: 10.1177/1054773809337577, (doi:10.1177/1054773809337577)
- Fleiss , J. L. 1981 . Statistical methods for rates and proportions, (2nd edn.) , New York , NY : Wiley .
- Fowles , G. P. and Fox , B. A. 1995 . Competency to consent to treat and informed consent in neurobehavioral rehabilitation . Clinical Neuropsychologist , 9 : 251 – 257 . (doi:10.1080/13854049508400490)
- Gardner , R. M. , Bird , F. L. , Maguire , H. , Carreiro , R. and Abenaim , N. 2003 . Intensive positive behavior supports for adolescents with acquired brain injury: Long-term outcomes in community settings . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 18 ( 1 ) : 52 – 74 . (doi:10.1097/00001199-200301000-00007)
- Geen , R. G. 1990 . Human aggression , Milton Keynes : Open University Press .
- Gibbs , G. 2007 . Analyzing qualitative data , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
- Giles , G. M. and Manchester , D. 2006 . Two approaches to behavior disorder after traumatic brain injury . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 21 ( 2 ) : 168 – 178 . (doi:10.1097/00001199-200603000-00009)
- Giles , G. M. and Mohr , J. D. 2007 . Overview and inter-rater reliability of an incident-based rating for aggressive behaviour following traumatic brain injury: The Overt Aggression Scale–Modified for Neurorehabilitation–Extended (OAS-MNR-E) . Brain Injury , 21 ( 5 ) : 505 – 511 . (doi:10.1080/02699050701311729)
- Giles , G. M. , Wager , J. , Fong , L. and Waraich , B. S. 2005 . Twenty-month effectiveness of a non-aversive, long-term, low cost programme for persons with persisting neurobehavioural disability . Brain Injury , 19 ( 10 ) : 753 – 764 . (doi:10.1080/02699050500110108)
- Giles , G. M. , Wilson , J. and Dailey , W. 2009 . Non-aversive treatment of repetitive absconding behaviour in clients with severe neuropsychiatric disorders . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 19 ( 1 ) : 28 – 40 . (doi:10.1080/09602010701755276)
- Grafman , J. , Schwab , K. , Warden , D. , Pridgen , A. , Brown , H. R. and Salazar , A. M. 1996 . Frontal lobe injuries, violence, and aggression: A report of the Vietnam Head Injury Study . Neurology , 46 ( 5 ) : 1231 – 1238 . (doi:10.1212/WNL.46.5.1231)
- Hahn , S. , Zeller , A. , Needham , I. , Kok , G. , Dassen , T. and Halfens , R. J. G. 2008 . Patient and visitor violence in general hospitals: A systematic review of the literature . Aggression and Violent Behavior , 13 ( 6 ) : 431 – 441 . (doi:10.1016/j.avb.2008.07.001)
- Howe , E. G. 2006 . Do we undervalue feelings in patients who are cognitively imparied? . Journal of Clinical Ethics , 17 ( 4 ) : 291 – 301 .
- Krakowski , M. 2003 . Violence and serotonin: Influence of impulse control, affect regulation, and social functioning . Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 15 : 294 – 305 . (doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15.3.294)
- Leggett , J. and Silvester , J. 2003 . Care staff attributions for violent incidents involving male and female patients: A field study . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 42 : 393 – 406 . (doi:10.1348/014466503322528937)
- Manchester , D. 2002 . Staff attributions for aggression and the acceptability of psychological treatments in brain injury rehabilitation , Doctoral thesis, Surrey University .
- Manchester , D. , Hodgkinson , A. and Casey , T. 1997 . Prolonged, severe behavioural disturbance following traumatic brain injury: What can be done? . Brain Injury , 11 ( 8 ) : 605 – 617 . (doi:10.1080/026990597123296)
- Manchester , D. , Hodgkinson , A. , Pfaff , A. and Nguyen , F. 1997 . A non-aversive approach to reducing hospital absconding in a head-injured adolescent boy . Brain Injury , 11 : 271 – 277 . (doi:10.1080/026990597123296)
- McDonnell , A. 2010 . Managing aggressive behaviour in care settings: Understanding and applying low arousal approaches , Chichester , UK : Wiley Blackwell .
- Meaden , A. and Hacker , D. 2011 . Problematic and risk behaviours in psychosis. A shared formulation approach , London : Routledge .
- Medley , A. R. and Powell , T. 2010 . Motivational interviewing to promote self-awareness and engagement in rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: A conceptual review . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 20 ( 4 ) : 481 – 508 . (doi:10.1080/09602010903529610)
- Nisenbaum , L. K. , Zigmond , M. J. , Sved , A. F. and Abercrombie , E. D. 1991 . Prior exposure to chronic stress results in enhanced synthesis and release of hippocampal norepinephrine in response to novel stressors . Journal of Neuroscience , 11 ( 5 ) : 1478 – 1484 .
- Panksepp , J. 2003 . At the interface of the affective, behavioral, and cognitive neurosciences: Decoding the emotional feelings of the brain . Brain and Cognition , 52 : 4 – 14 . (doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00003-4)
- Poulin , F. and Boivin , M. 2000 . Reactive and proactive aggression: Evidence of a two factor model . Psychological Assessment , 12 : 115 – 122 . (doi:10.1037/1040-3590.12.2.115)
- Pryor , J. 2006 . What do nurses do in response to their predictions of aggression? . Journal of Neuroscience Nursing , 38 ( 3 ) : 177 – 182 . (doi:10.1097/01376517-200606000-00007)
- Pulsford , D. and Duxbury , J. 2006 . Aggressive behaviour by people with dementia in residential care settings: A review . Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing , 13 ( 5 ) : 611 – 618 . (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2006.00964.x)
- Richter , D. 2006 . “ Non-physical conflict management and de-escalation ” . In Violence in mental health settings , Edited by: Richter , D. and Whittington , R. 125 – 144 . New York , NY : Springer .
- Rothwell , N. A. , LaVigna , G. W. and Willis , T. J. 1999 . A non-aversive rehabilitation approach for people with severe behavior problems resulting from brain injury . Brain Injury , 13 ( 7 ) : 521 – 533 . (doi:10.1080/026990599121421)
- Rubin , H. J. and Rubin , I. S. 1995 . Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publication .
- Siever , L. J. 2008 . Neurobiology of aggression and violence . American Journal of Psychiatry , 165 : 429 – 442 . (doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111774)
- Silva , J. A. , Derecho , D. V. , Leong , G. B. , Weinstock , R. and Ferrari , M. M. 2001 . A classification of psychological factors leading to violent behavior in posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Forensic Science , 46 ( 2 ) : 309 – 316 .
- Slifer , K. J. and Amari , A. 2009 . Behavior management for children and adolescents with acquired brain injury . Developmental Disabilities Research Review , 15 : 144 – 151 . doi: 10.1002/ddrr.60, (doi:10.1002/ddrr.60)
- Slifer , K. J. , Tucker , C. L. , Gerson , A. C. , Sevier , R. C. , Kane , A. C. Amari , A. 1997 . Antecedent management and compliance training improve adolescents' participation in early brain injury rehabilitation . Brain Injury , 11 ( 12 ) : 877 – 889 . (doi:10.1080/026990597122954)
- Summers , C. H. , Korzan , W. J. , Lukkes , J. L. , Watt , M. J. , Forster , G. L. Øverli , Ø. 2005 . Does serotonin influence aggression? Comparing regional activity before and during social interaction . Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , 78 ( 5 ) : 679 – 694 . (doi:10.1086/432139)
- Swan , L. and Alderman , N. 2004 . Measuring the relationship between overt aggression and expectations: A methodology for determining clinical outcomes . Brain Injury , 18 ( 2 ) : 143 – 160 . (doi:10.1080/02699050310001596923)
- Tateno , A. , Jorge , R. E. and Robinson , R. G. 2003 . Clinical correlates of aggressive behavior after traumatic brain injury . Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience , 15 : 155 – 160 . (doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15.2.155)
- Teddlie , C. and Tashakkori , A. 2003 . Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating qualitative and quantatative methods in the social and behavioral sciences , Thousand oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
- Topalli , V. and O'Neal , E. C. 2003 . Retaliatory motivation enhances attributions of hostility when people process ambiguous social stimuli . Aggressive Behavior , 29 : 155 – 172 . doi: 10.1002/ab.10068, (doi:10.1002/ab.10068)
- Turner , J. M. , Green , G. and Braunling-McMorrow , D. 1990 . Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) to reduce dysfunctional social behaviors of a head injured man . Behavioral Residential Treatment , 5 ( 1 ) : 15 – 27 . doi: 10.1002/bin.2360050103
- Watson , C. , Rutterford , N. A. , Shortland , D. , Williamson , N. and Alderman , N. 2001 . Reduction of chronic aggressive behaviour 10 years after brain injury . Brain Injury , 15 ( 11 ) : 1003 – 1015 . (doi:10.1080/02699050010022662)
- Weiner , B. 1980 . A cognitive (attribution)-emotion-action model of helping behaviour: An analysis of judgements of help giving . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 : 186 – 200 . (doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.2.186)
- Weiner , B. 1986 . An attributional theory of motivation and emotion , Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
- Weiner , B. 1988 . Attribution theory and attribution therapy, some theoretical observations and suggestions . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 27 : 93 – 104 . (doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00757.x)
- Whittington , R. and Wykes , T. 1994 . Going in strong. Confrontive coping by staff . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry , 5 : 609 – 614 . (doi:10.1080/09585189408410854)
- Whittington , R. and Wykes , T. 1996 . Aversive stimulation by staff and violence by psychiatric patients . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 35 : 11 – 20 . (doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01158.x)
- Wilson , S. and Barrett , C. 1998 . Restoring homeostasis in a residential care facility through behaviour modification . International Journal of Nursing Practice , 4 ( 1 ) : 51 – 57 . (doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.1998.00068.x)
- Winstanley , S. 2005 . Cognitive model of patient aggression towards health care staff: The patient's perspective . Work & Stress , 19 ( 4 ) : 340 – 350 . (doi:10.1080/02678370500409747)
- Winstanley , S. and Whittington , R. 2004 . Aggression towards health care staff in a UK general hospital: Variation among professions and departments . Journal of Clinical Nursing , 13 : 3 – 10 . (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00807.x)
- Ylvisaker , M. , Turkstra , L. , Coehlo , C. , Yorkston , K. , Kennedy , M. G. Sohlberg , M. M. 2007 . Behavioral interventions for children and adults with behavior disorders after TBI: A systematic review of the evidence . Brain Injury , 21 ( 8 ) : 769 – 805 . (doi:10.1080/02699050701482470)
- Yody , B. B. , Schaub , C. , Conway , J. , Peters , S. , Straus , D. and Helsinger , S. 2000 . Applied behavior management and acquired brain injury: Approaches and assessment . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 15 ( 4 ) : 1041 – 1060 . (doi:10.1097/00001199-200008000-00006)