Prospective memory on a novel clinical task in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline

REFERENCES

• Amariglio, R. E., Becker, J. A., Carmasin, J., Wadsworth, L. P., Lorius, N., Sullivan, C., … Rentz, D. M. (2012). Subjective cognitive complaints and amyloid burden in cognitively normal older individuals. Neuropsychologia, 50, 2880–2886. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisiacchi, P. S., Cona, G., Schiff, S., & Basso, D. (2011). Modulation of a fronto-parietal network in event-based prospective memory: An rTMS study. Neuropsychologia, 49, 2225–2232. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco-Campal, A., Coen, R. F., Lawlor, B. A., Walsh, J. B., & Burke, T. E. (2009). Detection of prospective memory deficits in mild cognitive impairment of suspected Alzheimer's disease etiology using a novel event-based prospective memory task. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 154–159. doi:10.1017/S1355617708090127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, P. (2012, November 6). [Blog post response]. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_the_investigation_on_prospective_memory_more_useful_than_traditional_neuropsychological_investigation_on_retrograde_and_anterograde_memory
   Google Scholar
• Buschke, H. (1984). Cued recall in amnesia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 6, 433–440. doi:10.1080/01688638408401233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlesimo, G. A., & Costa, A. (2011). An introduction to the special issue on the neuropsychology of prospective memory. Neuropsychologia, 49, 2143–2146. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, D. B., Gray, S., Baty, J., & Morris, J. C. (2000). The value of informant versus individual's complaints of memory impairment in early dementia. Neurology, 55, 1724–1726. doi:10.1212/WNL.55.11.1724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castilla-Rilo, J., Lopez-Arrieta, J., Bermejo-Pareja, F., Ruiz, M., Sánchez-Sánchez, F., & Trincado, R. (2007). Instrumental activities of daily living in the screening of dementia in population studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 829–836. doi:10.1002/gps.1747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chau, L. T., Lee, J. B., Fleming, J., Roche, N., & Shum, D. (2007). Reliability and normative data for the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM). Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17, 707–722. doi:10.1080/09602010600923926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, H., Tian, Y., Hu, P., Wang, J., & Wang, K. (2010). Time-based prospective memory impairment in patients with thalamic stroke. Behavioural Neuroscience, 124, 152–158. doi:10.1037/a0018306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, A., Caltagirone, C., & Carlesimo, G. A. (2011). Prospective memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment: An analytical review. Neuropsychology Review, 21, 390–404. doi:10.1007/s11065-011-9172-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, A., Carlesimo, G. A., & Caltagirone, C. (2012). Prospective memory functioning: A new area of investigation in the clinical neuropsychology and rehabilitation of Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Review of evidence. Neurological Sciences, 33, 965–972. doi:10.1007/s10072-012-0935-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, A., Perri, R., Serra, L., Barban, F., Gatto, I., Zabberoni, S., … Carlesimo, G. A. (2010). Prospective memory functioning in mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology, 24, 327–335. doi:10.1037/a0018015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, A., Perri, R., Zabberoni, S., Barban, F., Caltagirone, C., & Carlesimo, G. A. (2011). Event-based prospective memory failure in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 49, 2209–2216. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delprado, J., Kinsella, G., Ong, B., & Pike, K. (2013). Naturalistic measures of prospective memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Psychology and Aging, 28, 322–332. doi:10.1037/a0029785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delprado, J., Kinsella, G., Ong, B., Pike, K., Ames, D., Storey, E., … Rand, E. (2012). Clinical measures of prospective memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18, 1–10. doi:10.1017/S135561771100172X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchek, J. M., Balota, D. A., & Cortese, M. (2006). Prospective memory and Apolipoprotein E in healthy aging and early stage Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 20, 633–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dufouil, C., Fuhrer, R., & Alperovitch, A. (2005). Subjective cognitive complaints and cognitive decline: Consequence or predictor? The epidemiology of vascular aging study. Journal of the American Geriatics Society, 53, 616–621. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53209.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einstein, G. O., & McDaniel, M. A. (1990). Normal aging and prospective memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 717–726. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.4.717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, E. R., McDaniel, M. A., Repovs, G., & Hershey, T. (2009). Prospective memory in Parkinson disease across laboratory and self-reported everyday performance. Neuropsychology, 23, 347–358. doi:10.1037/a0014692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gifford, K. A., Liu, D., Lu, Z., Tripodis, Y., Cantwell, N. G., Palmisano, J., … Jefferson, A. L. (2013). The source of cognitive complaints predicts diagnostic conversion differentially among nondemented older adults. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, S1552–5250. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.02.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilewski, M. J., & Zelinski, E. M. (1986). Questionnaire assessment of memory complaints. In L. W. Poon (Ed.), Handbook for clinical memory assessment of older adults (pp. 93–107). Washington: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Grober, E., Lipton, R., Hall, C., & Crystal, H. (2000). Memory impairment on free and cued selective reminding predicts dementia. Neurology, 54, 827–832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groot, Y. C., Wilson, B. A., Evans, J., & Watson, P. (2002). Prospective memory functioning in people with and without brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 645–654. doi:10.1017/S1355617702801321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, J. D., MacLeod, M. S., Phillips, L. H., & Crawford, J. R. (2004). A meta-analytic review of prospective memory and aging. Psychology and Aging, 19, 27–39. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann, D. J. (1982). Know thy memory: The use of questionnaires to assess and study memory. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 434–452. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.92.2.434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyman, A., Fillenbaum, G., & Nash, F. (1997). Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease: The CERAD experience. Neurology, 49(Suppl. 3), S1–S23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert, F. A., & Beardsall, L. (1993). Prospective memory impairment as an early indicator of dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15, 805–821. doi:10.1080/01688639308402597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert, F. A., Johnson, T., & Nickson, J. (2000). High prevalence of prospective memory impairment in the elderly and in early-stage dementia: Findings from a population-based study. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, S63–S81. doi:10.1002/acp.771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessen, F., Amariglio, R. E., van Boxtel, M., Breteler, M., Ceccaldi, M., Chételat, G., … Wagner, M. (2014a). A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in pre clinical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.01.001
   Google Scholar
• Jessen, F., Wiese, B., Bachmann, C., Eifflaender-Gorfer, S., Haller, F., Kolsch, H., … Bickel, H. (2010). Prediction of dementia by subjective memory impairment: Effects of severity and temporal association with cognitive impairment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 414–422. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessen, F., Wolfsgruber, S., Wiese, B., Bickel, H., Mösch, E., Kaduszkiewicz, H., … German Study on Aging, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients. (2014b). AD dementia risk in late MCI, in early MCI, and in subjective memory impairment. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 10, 76–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, S., Livner, Å., & Bäckman, L. (2006). Patterns of prospective and retrospective memory impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 20, 144–152. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.2.144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, E. F., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). The Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.
   Google Scholar
• Karantzoulis, S., Troyer, A. K., & Rich, J. B. (2009). Prospective memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 407–415. doi:10.1017/S1355617709090596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, M. J., Lipton, R. B., Hall, C. B., Zimmerman, M. E., Sanders, A. E., Verghese, J., … Derby, C. A. (2012). Age and sex specific prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's dementia in blacks and whites: A report from the Einstein Aging Study. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 26, 335–343. doi:10.1097/WAD.0b013e31823dbcfc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazui, H., Matsuda, A., Hirono, N., Mori, E., Miyoshi, N., Ogino, A., … Takeda, M. (2005). Everyday memory impairment of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 19, 331–337. doi:10.1159/000084559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinsella, G. J., Mullaly, E., Rand, E., Ong, B., Burton, C., Price, S., … Storey, E. (2009). Early intervention for mild cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 80, 730–736. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.148346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliegel, M., Altgassen, M., Hering, A., & Rose, N. S. (2011). A process-model based approach to prospective memory impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia, 49, 2166–2177. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliegel, M., & Martin, M. (2003). Prospective memory research: Why is it relevant?. International Journal of Psychology, 38, 193–194. doi:10.1080/00207590344000114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, B., Roberston, I. H., Clare, L., Carter, G., Hong, J., Wilson, B. A., … Stuss, D.T.(2000). Rehabilitation of executive functioning: An experimental-clinical validation of goal management training. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 299–312. doi:10.1017/S1355617700633052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipton, R., Katz, M. J., Kuslansky, G., Sliwinski, M. J., Stewart, W., Verghese, J., & Buschke, H. (2003). Screening for dementia by telephone using the memory impairment screen. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 51, 1382–1390. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51455.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maylor, E. A. (1996). Does prospective memory decline with age? In M. Brandimonte, G. O. Einstein, & M. A. McDaniel (Eds.), Prospective memory: Theory and applications (pp. 173–197). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (2007). Prospective memory: An overview and synthesis of an emerging field. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (2011). The neuropsychology of prospective memory in normal aging: A componential approach. Neuropsychologia, 49, 2147–2155. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel, M. A., Glisky, E. L., Rubin, S. R., Guynn, M. J., & Routhieaux, B. C. (1999). Prospective memory: A neuropsychological study. Neuropsychology, 13, 103–110. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.13.1.103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritz, S., Ferahli, S., & Naber, D. (2004). Memory and attention performance in psychiatric patients: Lack of correspondence between clinician-rated and patient-rated functioning with neuropsychological test results. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 623–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosconi, L., De Santi, S., Brys, M., Tsui, W. H., Pirraglia, E., Glodzik-Sobanska, L., … de Leon, M. J. (2008). Hypometabolism and altered cerebrospinal fluid markers in normal apolipoprotein E E4 carriers with subjective memory complaints. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 609–618. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256, 183–194. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C., Doody, R., Kurz, A., Mohs, A., Morris, J. C., Rabins, P.V., … Winblad, B. (2001). Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Archives in Neurology, 58, 1985–1992. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.12.1985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999). Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology, 56, 303–308. doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer, R. I., Kurosaki, T. T., Harrah, C. H. Jr, Chance, J. M., & Filos, S. (1982). Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. Journals of Gerontology, 37, 323–329. doi:10.1093/geronj/37.3.323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pino, O., Poletti, F., & Caffarra, P. (2013). Cognitive demand and reminders effect on time-based prospective memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and in healthy elderly. Open Journal of Medical Psychology, 2, 35–46. doi:10.4236/ojmp.2013.21007
   Google Scholar
• Rabin, L. A., Barr, W. B., & Burton, L. A. (2005). Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 33–65. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2004.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabin, L. A., Wang, C., Katz, M. J., Derby, C. A., Buschke, H., & Lipton, R. B. (2012). Predicting dementia: Neuropsychological tests, self reports, and informant reports of cognitive difficulties. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60, 1128–1134. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03956.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabin, L. A., Wang, C., Katz, M. J., & Lipton, R. B. (2014). A psychometric approach to the classification of subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, Seattle, WA.
   Google Scholar
• Radford, K. A., Lah, S., Say, M. J., & Miller, L. A. (2011). Validation of a new measure of prospective memory: The Royal Prince Alfred Prospective Memory Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25, 127–140. doi:10.1080/13854046.2010.529463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskin, S. (2004). Memory for intentions screening test (abstract). Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(Suppl. 1), 110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskin, S. A. (2009). Memory for intentions screening test: Psychometric properties and clinical evidence. Brain impairment, 10, 23–33. doi:10.1375/brim.10.1.23
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskin, S. A., Buckheit, C., & Sherrod, C. (2010). MIST: Memory for Intentions Test professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Reisberg, B., Shulman, M. B., Torossian, C., Leng, L., & Zhu, W. (2010). Outcome over seven years of healthy adults with and without subjective cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 6, 11–24. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2009.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8, 271–276. doi:10.2466/pms.1958.8.3.271
   Google Scholar
• Rendell, P. G., & Craik, F. I. (2000). Virtual week and actual week: Age-related differences in prospective memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, S43–S62. doi:10.1002/acp.770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, W. (1980). Verbal fluency in aging and dementia. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2, 135–146. doi:10.1080/01688638008403788
   Google Scholar
• Salthouse, T. A., Berish, D. E., & Siedlecki, K. L. (2004). Construct validity and age sensitivity of prospective memory. Memory & Cognition, 32, 1133–1148. doi:10.3758/BF03196887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarazin, M., Berr, C., De Rotrou, J., Fabrigoule, C., Pasquier, F., Legrain, S., … Dubois, B. (2007). Amnestic syndrome of the medial temporal type identifies prodromal AD: A longitudinal study. Neurology, 69, 1859–1867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saykin, A. J., Wishart, H. A., Rabin, L. A., Santulli, R. B., Flashman, L. A., West, J. D., … Mamourian, A. C. (2006). Older adults with cognitive complaints show brain atrophy similar to that of amnestic MCI. Neurology, 67, 834–842. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000234032.77541.a2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheef, L., Spottke, A., Daerr, M., Joe, A., Striepens, N., Kölsch, H., … Jessen, F. (2012). Glucose metabolism, gray matter structure, and memory decline in subjective memory impairment. Neurology, 79, 1332–1339. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826c1a8d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., Woo, E., & Greeley, D. R. (2009). Characterizing multiple memory deficits and their relation to everyday functioning in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology, 23, 168–177. doi:10.1037/a0014186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. A. (1986). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. In: T. L. Brink (Ed.). Clinical gerontology: A guide to assessment and intervention (pp. 165–173). New York: Haworth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sinnott, J. D. (1989). Prospective/intentional memory and aging: Memory as adaptive action. In L. W. Poon, D. C. Rubin, & B. A. Wilson (Eds.), Everyday cognition in adulthood and latelife (pp. 352–369). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Snitz, B. E., Yu, L., Crane, P. K., Chang, C-C. H., Hughes, T. F., & Ganguli, M. (2012). Subjective cognitive complaints of older adults at the population level: An item response theory analysis. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 26, 344–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1998). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tam, J. W., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2013). Event-based prospective memory and everyday forgetting in healthy older adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 35, 279–290. doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.770823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, E., Becker, B. W., Woo, E., Knopman, D. S., Cummings, J. L., & Lu, P. H. (2010). Utility of the Functional Activities Questionnaire for distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from very mild Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer’s Disease and Associated Disorders, 24, 348–353. doi:10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181e2fc84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, C., Henry, J. D., Rendell, P. G., Withall, A., & Brodaty, H. (2010). Prospective memory function in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 318–325. doi:10.1017/S1355617709991354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, C. L., Henry, J. D., Withall, A., Rendell, P. G., & Brodaty, H. (2011). A naturalistic study of prospective memory function in MCI and dementia. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 424–434. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2010.02004.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyer, A. K., & Murphy, K. J. (2007). Memory for intentions in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Time-and event-based prospective memory. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 365–369. doi:10.1017/S1355617707070452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Berg, E., Kant, N., & Postma, A. (2012). Remember to buy milk on the way home! A meta-analytic review of prospective memory in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18, 706–716. doi:10.1017/S1355617712000331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Oijen, M., de Jong, F. J., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P. J., & Breteler, M. M. (2007). Subjective memory complaints, education, and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia 3, 92–97. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2007.01.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser, P. J., Verhey, F., Knol, D. L., Scheltens, P., Wahlund, L.-O., Freund-Levi, Y., … Blennow, K. (2009). Prevalence and prognostic value of CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment in the DESCRIPA study: A prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurology, 8, 619–627. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70139-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, B., Guo, Q., Zhao, Q., & Hong, Z. (2012). Memory deficits for non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Neuropsychology, 6, 232–241. doi:10.1111/j.1748-6653.2011.02024.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd Edn.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• West, R. (2007). The influence of strategic monitoring on the neural correlates of prospective memory. Memory & Cognition, 35, 1034–1046.
   Google Scholar
• Will, C. M., Rendell, P. G., Ozgis, S., Pierson, J. M., Ong, B., & Henry, J. D. (2009). Cognitively impaired older adults exhibit comparable difficulties on naturalistic and laboratory prospective memory tasks. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23, 804–812. doi:10.1002/acp.1514
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P. W., Emslie, H., & Evans, J. J. (1996). Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS). Bury St. Edmunds: Thames Valley Test Company.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, B., Cockburn, J., & Baddeley, A. (2003). The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test – II. Bury St. Edmunds, England: Thames Valley Test Co.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. A., Emslie, H., Foley, J. A., Shiel, A., Watson, P., Hawkins, K., … Evans, J. J. (2005). Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT). London: Harcourt Assessment.
   Google Scholar
• Winblad, B., Palmer, K., Kivipelto, M., Jelic, V., Fratiglioni, L., Wahlund, L. O., … Petersen, R. C. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment – beyond controversies, towards a consensus: Report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256, 240–246. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, S. P., Carey, C. L., Moran, L. M., Dawson, M. S., Letendre, S. L., & Grant, I. (2007). Frequency and predictors of self-reported prospective memory complaints in individuals infected with HIV. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22, 187–195. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, S. P., Moran, L. M., Dawson, M. S., Carey, C. L., Grant, I., & The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC) Group (2008). Psychometric characteristics of the Memory for Intentions Screening Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 864–878. doi:10.1080/13854040701595999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, S. P., Weinborn, M., Velnoweth, A., Rooney, A., & Bucks, R. S. (2012). Memory for intentions is uniquely associated with instrumental activities of daily living in healthy older adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18, 134–138. doi:10.1017/S1355617711001263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youden W. J. (1950). Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer, 3, 32–35. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeintl, M., Kliegel, M., Rast, P., & Zimprich, D. (2006). Prospective memory complaints can be predicted by prospective memory performance in older adults. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 22, 209–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zogg, J. B., Woods, S. P., Sauceda, J. A., Wiebe, J. S., & Simoni, J. M. (2012). The role of prospective memory in medication adherence: A review of an emerging literature. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 47–62. doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9341-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar