548
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Using non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation for neglect and associated attentional deficits following stroke

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 735-766 | Received 16 Dec 2019, Accepted 30 Jun 2020, Published online: 07 Sep 2020

References

  • Alonzo, A., Brassil, J., Taylor, J. L., Martin, D., & Loo, C. K. (2012). Daily transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) leads to greater increases in cortical excitability than second daily transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain Stimulation, 5(3), 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2011.04.006
  • Andrade, S. M., Ferreira, J. J. A., Rufino, T. S., Medeiros, G., Brito, J. D., da Silva, M. A., & Moreira, R. N. (2017). Effects of different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation on the risk of falls and lower limb function after stroke. Neurological Research, 39(12), 1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2017.1371473
  • Antal, A., Terney, D., Poreisz, C., & Paulus, W. (2007). Towards unravelling task-related modulations of neuroplastic changes induced in the human motor cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience, 26(9), 2687–2691. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05896.x
  • Azouvi, P., Bartolomeo, P., Beis, J. M., Perennou, D., Pradat-Diehl, P., & Rousseaux, M. (2006). A battery of tests for the quantitative assessment of unilateral neglect. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 24(4-6), 273–285.
  • Bang, D. H., & Bong, S. Y. (2015). Effect of combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and feedback training on visuospatial neglect in patients with subacute stroke: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(9), 2759–2761. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.2759
  • Benwell, C. S., Learmonth, G., Miniussi, C., Harvey, M., & Thut, G. (2015). Non-linear effects of transcranial direct current stimulation as a function of individual baseline performance: Evidence from biparietal tDCS influence on lateralized attention bias. Cortex, 69, 152–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.007
  • Berryhill, M. E., & Jones, K. T. (2012). tDCS selectively improves working memory in older adults with more education. Neuroscience Letters, 521(2), 148–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.05.074
  • Bikson, M., Grossman, P., Thomas, C., Zannou, A. L., Jiang, J., Adnan, T., Mourdoukoutas, A. P., Kronberg, G., Truong, D., & Boggio, P. (2016). Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: Evidence based update 2016. Brain Stimulation, 9(5), 641–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2016.06.004
  • Bikson, M., Rahman, A., & Datta, A. (2012). Computational models of transcranial direct current stimulation. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 43(3), 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059412445138
  • Bolognini, N., Convento, S., Banco, E., Mattioli, F., Tesio, L., & Vallar, G. (2014). Improving ideomotor limb apraxia by electrical stimulation of the left posterior parietal cortex. Brain, 138(2), 428–439. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu343
  • Bornheim, S., Croisier, J.-L., Maquet, P., & Kaux, J.-F. (2019). Transcranial direct current stimulation ASsociated With physical-therapy In acute stroke patients - the tDCS ASAP - a Randomized, Triple blind, sham-controlled study. Brain Stimulation, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.019
  • Bornheim, S., Maquet, P., Croisier, J. L., Crielaard, J. M., & Kaux, J. F. (2018). Motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves acute stroke visuo-spatial neglect: A series of four case reports. Brain Stimulation, 11(2), 459–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.11.018
  • Bowen, A., McKenna, K., & Tallis, R. C. (1999). Reasons for variability in the reported rate of occurrence of unilateral spatial neglect after stroke. Stroke, 30(6), 1196–1202. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.30.6.1196
  • Bradnam, L. V., Stinear, C. M., Barber, P. A., & Byblow, W. D. (2012). Contralesional hemisphere control of the proximal paretic upper limb following stroke. Cerebral Cortex, 22(11), 2662–2671. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr344
  • Bradnam, L., Stinear, C., & Byblow, W. (2013). Ipsilateral motor Pathways after stroke: Implications for Non-invasive brain stimulation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7(184), https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00184
  • Brem, A.-K., Unterburger, E., Speight, I., & Jäncke, L. (2014). Treatment of visuospatial neglect with biparietal tDCS and cognitive training: A single-case study. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, 180. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00180
  • Brosnan, M. B., Arvaneh, M., Harty, S., Maguire, T., O'Connell, R., Robertson, I. H., & Dockree, P. M. (2018). Prefrontal modulation of visual Processing and sustained attention in Aging, a tDCS-EEG Coregistration approach. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 30(11), 1630–1645. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01307
  • Brozzoli, C., Demattè, M. L., Pavani, F., Frassinetti, F., & Farnè, A. (2006). Neglect and extinction: Within and between sensory modalities. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 24(4-6), 217–232.
  • Brückner, S., & Kammer, T. (2017). Both anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation improves semantic processing. Neuroscience, 343, 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.015
  • Buxbaum, L. J., Ferraro, M. K., Veramonti, T., Farne, A., Whyte, J., Ladavas, E., Frassinetti, F., & Coslett, H. B. (2004). Hemispatial neglect: Subtypes, neuroanatomy, and disability. Neurology, 62(5), 749–756. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000113730.73031.f4
  • Cappon, D., Jahanshahi, M., & Bisiacchi, P. (2016). Value and efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in the cognitive rehabilitation: A critical review Since 2000. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10(157), https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00157
  • Cazzoli, D., Muri, R. M., Schumacher, R., von Arx, S., Chaves, S., Gutbrod, K., Bohlhalter, S., Bauer, D., Vanbellingen, T., Bertschi, M., Kipfer, S., Rosenthal, C. R., Kennard, C., Bassetti, C. L., & Nyffeler, T. (2012). Theta burst stimulation reduces disability during the activities of daily living in spatial neglect. Brain, 135(Pt 11), 3426–3439. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws182
  • Cherney, L. R., Halper, A. S., Kwasnica, C. M., Harvey, R. L., & Zhang, M. (2001). Recovery of functional status after right hemisphere stroke: Relationship with unilateral neglect. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(3), 322–328. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.21511
  • Chieffo, R., Arcari, C., Comi, G., Comola, M., & Leocani, L. (2019). Effects of tDCS in modulating the after-effect of prismatic lenses training in stroke patients with neglect. Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(1), e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.088
  • Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2011). Spatial neglect and attention networks. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 34(1), 569–599. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113731
  • Dalmaijer, E. S., Li, K. M. S., Gorgoraptis, N., Leff, A. P., Cohen, D. L., Parton, A. D., Husain, M., & Malhotra, P. A. (2018). Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of single-dose guanfacine in unilateral neglect following stroke. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 89(6), 593–598. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2017-317338
  • Datta, A., Bansal, V., Diaz, J., Patel, J., Reato, D., & Bikson, M. (2009). Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation: Improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad. Brain Stimulation, 2(4), 201–207.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2009.03.005
  • Denes, G., Semenza, C., Stoppa, E., & Lis, A. (1982). Unilateral spatial neglect and recovery from hemiplegia: A follow-up study. Brain, 105(Pt 3), 543–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/105.3.543
  • Di Lazzaro, V., Dileone, M., Capone, F., Pellegrino, G., Ranieri, F., Musumeci, G., Florio, L., Di Pino, G., & Fregni, F. (2014). Immediate and late modulation of interhemipheric imbalance with bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation in acute stroke. Brain Stimulation, 7(6), 841–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2014.10.001
  • Dmochowski, J. P., Datta, A., Bikson, M., Su, Y., & Parra, L. C. (2011). Optimized multi-electrode stimulation increases focality and intensity at target. Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(4), 046011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/8/4/046011
  • Dmochowski, J. P., Datta, A., Huang, Y., Richardson, J. D., Bikson, M., Fridriksson, J., & Parra, L. C. (2013). Targeted transcranial direct current stimulation for rehabilitation after stroke. Neuroimage, 75, 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.049
  • Dmochowski, J. P., Koessler, L., Norcia, A. M., Bikson, M., & Parra, L. C. (2017). Optimal use of EEG recordings to target active brain areas with transcranial electrical stimulation. Neuroimage, 157, 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.059
  • Duncan, J., Bundesen, C., Olson, A., Humphreys, G., Chavda, S., & Shibuya, H. (1999). Systematic analysis of deficits in visual attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128(4), 450–478. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.128.4.450
  • Fernandez-Corazza, M., Turovets, S., Luu, P., Anderson, E., & Tucker, D. (2016). Transcranial electrical neuromodulation based on the Reciprocity principle. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 87. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00087
  • Filmer, H. L., Mattingley, J. B., & Dux, P. E. (2019). Modulating brain activity and behaviour with tDCS: Rumours of its death have been greatly exaggerated. Cortex, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.10.006
  • Fridriksson, J., Rorden, C., Elm, J., Sen, S., George, M. S., & Bonilha, L. (2018). Transcranial direct current stimulation vs sham stimulation to Treat Aphasia after stroke: A Randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurology, 75(12), 1470–1476. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.2287
  • Fruhmann Berger, M., Pross, R. D., Ilg, U., & Karnath, H. O. (2006). Deviation of eyes and head in acute cerebral stroke. BMC Neurology, 6(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-6-23
  • Fu, W., Song, W., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Huo, S., Zhang, R., & Wang, M. (2015). Long-term effects of continuous theta-burst stimulation in visuospatial neglect. Journal of International Medical Research, 43(2), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060513498663
  • Gandiga, P. C., Hummel, F. C., & Cohen, L. G. (2006). Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): a tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(4), 845–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.12.003
  • Greinacher, R., Buhôt, L., Möller, L., & Learmonth, G. (2019). The time course of ineffective sham-blinding during low-intensity (1 mA) transcranial direct current stimulation. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50(8), 3380–3388. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14497
  • Guler, S., Dannhauer, M., Erem, B., Macleod, R., Tucker, D., Turovets, S., Luu, P., Erdogmus, D., & Brooks, D. H. (2016). Optimization of focality and direction in dense electrode array transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Journal of Neural Engineering, 13(3), 036020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/13/3/036020
  • Harvey, M., Hood, B., North, A., & Robertson, I. H. (2003). The effects of visuomotor feedback training on the recovery of hemispatial neglect symptoms: Assessment of a 2-week and follow-up intervention. Neuropsychologia, 41(8), 886–893. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00003-4
  • Harvey, M., & Kerkhoff, G. (2015). Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on attention: Current debates, cognitive studies and novel clinical applications. Neuropsychologia, 74, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.020
  • Heilman, K. M., Valenstein, E., & Watson, R. T. (2000). Neglect and related disorders. Seminars in Neurology, 20(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-13179
  • Hesse, M. D., Sparing, R., & Fink, G. R. (2011). Ameliorating spatial neglect with non-invasive brain stimulation: From pathophysiological concepts to novel treatment strategies. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(5), 676–702. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2011.573931
  • Hjaltason, H., Tegner, R., Tham, K., Levander, M., & Ericson, K. (1996). Sustained attention and awareness of disability in chronic neglect. Neuropsychologia, 34(12), 1229–1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(96)00044-9
  • Holland, R., & Crinion, J. (2012). Can tDCS enhance treatment of aphasia after stroke? Aphasiology, 26(9), 1169–1191. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2011.616925
  • Horvath, J. C., Forte, J. D., & Carter, O. (2015). Evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) generates little-to-no reliable neurophysiologic effect beyond MEP amplitude modulation in healthy human subjects: A systematic review. Neuropsychologia, 66, 213–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.021
  • Huang, Y., & Parra, L. C. (2019). Can transcranial electric stimulation with multiple electrodes reach deep targets? Brain Stimulation, 12(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2018.09.010
  • Husain, M. (2008). Hemispatial neglect. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 88, 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0072-9752(07)88018-3
  • Husain, M., & Rorden, C. (2003). Non-spatially lateralized mechanisms in hemispatial neglect. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1005
  • Husain, M., Shapiro, K., Martin, J., & Kennard, C. (1997). Abnormal temporal dynamics of visual attention in spatial neglect patients. Nature, 385(6612), 154–156. https://doi.org/10.1038/385154a0
  • Jacobson, L., Koslowsky, M., & Lavidor, M. (2012). tDCS polarity effects in motor and cognitive domains: A meta-analytical review. Experimental Brain Research, 216(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2891-9
  • Jacquin-Courtois, S. (2015). Hemi-spatial neglect rehabilitation using non-invasive brain stimulation: Or how to modulate the disconnection syndrome? Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 58(4), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2015.07.388
  • Jamil, A., Batsikadze, G., Kuo, H.-I., Labruna, L., Hasan, A., Paulus, W., & Nitsche, M. A. (2017). Systematic evaluation of the impact of stimulation intensity on neuroplastic after-effects induced by transcranial direct current stimulation. The Journal of Physiology, 595(4), 1273–1288. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP272738
  • Jehkonen, M., Ahonen, J. P., Dastidar, P., Koivisto, A. M., Laippala, P., Vilkki, J., & Molnar, G. (2001). Predictors of discharge to home during the first year after right hemisphere stroke. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 104(3), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0404.2001.00025.x
  • Jo, J. M., Kim, Y. H., Ko, M. H., Ohn, S. H., Joen, B., & Lee, K. H. (2009). Enhancing the working memory of stroke patients using tDCS. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 88(5), 404–409. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181a0e4cb
  • Johansen-Berg, H., Rushworth, M. F. S., Bogdanovic, M. D., Kischka, U., Wimalaratna, S., & Matthews, P. M. (2002). The role of ipsilateral premotor cortex in hand movement after stroke. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(22), 14518–14523. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222536799
  • Kalra, L., Perez, I., Gupta, S., & Wittink, M. (1997). The influence of visual neglect on stroke rehabilitation. Stroke, 28(7), 1386–1391. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.28.7.1386
  • Kang, E. K., Baek, M. J., Kim, S., & Paik, N. J. (2009). Non-invasive cortical stimulation improves post-stroke attention decline. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 27(6), 647–652. https://doi.org/10.3233/rnn-2009-0514
  • Kang, E.-K., Kim, D.-Y., & Paik, N.-J. (2012). Transcranial direct current stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex improves attention in patients with traumatic brain injury: A pilot study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 44(4), 346–350. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0947
  • Karnath, H. O. (1988). Deficits of attention in acute and recovered visual hemi-neglect. Neuropsychologia, 26(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(88)90028-0
  • Katz, N., Hartman-Maeir, A., Ring, H., & Soroker, N. (1999). Functional disability and rehabilitation outcome in right hemisphere damaged patients with and without unilateral spatial neglect. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80(4), 379–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90273-3
  • Kekic, M., Boysen, E., Campbell, I. C., & Schmidt, U. (2016). A systematic review of the clinical efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in psychiatric disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 74, 70–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.018
  • Kessler, S. K., Turkeltaub, P. E., Benson, J. G., & Hamilton, R. H. (2012). Differences in the experience of active and sham transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain Stimulation, 5(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2011.02.007
  • Kim, Y. M., Chun, M. H., Yun, G. J., Song, Y. J., & Young, H. E. (2011). The effect of virtual reality training on unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 35(3), 309–315. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2011.35.3.309
  • Kinsbourne, M. (1987). Mechanisms of Unilateral neglect. In M. Jeannerod (Ed.), Advances in Psychology (Vol. 45, pp. 69–86). North-Holland.
  • Kinsbourne, M. (1993). Orientational bias model of unilateral neglect: Evidence from attentional gradients within hemispace. In J. Marshall & I. Robertson (Eds.), Unilateral neglect: Clinical And experimental studies (brain damage, behaviour and cognition) (pp. 63–86). Psychology Press.
  • Klaus, J., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2018). Putting focus on transcranial direct current stimulation in language production studies. PloS one, 13(8), e0202730–e0202730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202730
  • Knotkova, H., Nitsche, M. A., Bikson, M., & Woods, A. J. (2019). Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation: Principles, Procedures and applications. Springer.
  • Ko, M. H., Han, S. H., Park, S. H., Seo, J. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2008). Improvement of visual scanning after DC brain polarization of parietal cortex in stroke patients with spatial neglect. Neuroscience Letters, 448(2), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.050
  • Koch, G., Bonnì, S., Giacobbe, V., Bucchi, G., Basile, B., Lupo, F., Versace, V., Bozzali, M., & Caltagirone, C. (2012). Theta-burst stimulation of the left hemisphere accelerates recovery of hemispatial neglect. Neurology, 78(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823ed08f
  • Kolb, B., Teskey, C., & Gibb, R. (2010). Factors influencing cerebral plasticity in the normal and injured brain. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00204
  • Kuo, H. I., Bikson, M., Datta, A., Minhas, P., Paulus, W., Kuo, M. F., & Nitsche, M. A. (2013). Comparing cortical plasticity induced by conventional and high-definition 4 ( 1 ring tDCS: A neurophysiological study. Brain Stimulation, 6(4), 644–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2012.09.010
  • Ladavas, E., Berti, A., Ruozzi, E., & Barboni, F. (1997). Neglect as a deficit determined by an imbalance between multiple spatial representations. Experimental Brain Research, 116(3), 493–500. https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00005777
  • Ladavas, E., Giulietti, S., Avenanti, A., Bertini, C., Lorenzini, E., Quinquinio, C., & Serino, A. (2015). a-tDCS on the ipsilesional parietal cortex boosts the effects of prism adaptation treatment in neglect. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 33(5), 647–662. https://doi.org/10.3233/rnn-140464
  • Lang, N., Siebner, H. R., Ward, N. S., Lee, L., Nitsche, M. A., Paulus, W., Rothwell, J. C., Lemon, R. N., & Frackowiak, R. S. (2005). How does transcranial DC stimulation of the primary motor cortex alter regional neuronal activity in the human brain? European Journal of Neuroscience, 22(2), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04233.x
  • Learmonth, G., Benwell, C. S. Y., Märker, G., Dascalu, D., Checketts, M., Santosh, C., Barber, M., Walters, M., Muir, K. W., & Harvey, M. (2020). Non-invasive brain stimulation in stroke patients (NIBS): A prospective randomized open blinded end-point (PROBE) feasibility trial using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in post-stroke hemispatial neglect. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2020.1767161
  • Learmonth, G., Thut, G., Benwell, C. S., & Harvey, M. (2015). The implications of state-dependent tDCS effects in aging: Behavioural response is determined by baseline performance. Neuropsychologia, 74, 108–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.037
  • Li, K., Bentley, P., Nair, A., Halse, O., Barker, G., Russell, C., Soto, D., & Malhotra, P. A. (2018). Reward sensitivity predicts dopaminergic response in spatial neglect. Cortex, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.002
  • Li, K., & Malhotra, P. A. (2015). Spatial neglect. Practical Neurology, 15(5), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2015-001115
  • Li, L. M., Uehara, K., & Hanakawa, T. (2015). The contribution of interindividual factors to variability of response in transcranial direct current stimulation studies. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 9, 181–181. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00181
  • Li, L. M., Violante, I. R., Leech, R., Ross, E., Hampshire, A., Opitz, A., Rothwell, J. C., Carmichael, D. W., & Sharp, D. J. (2019a). Brain state and polarity dependent modulation of brain networks by transcranial direct current stimulation. Human Brain Mapping, 40(3), 904–915. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24420
  • Li, L. M., Violante, I. R., Zimmerman, K., Leech, R., Hampshire, A., Patel, M., Opitz, A., McArthur, D., Jolly, A., Carmichael, D. W., & Sharp, D. J. (2019b). Traumatic axonal injury influences the cognitive effect of non-invasive brain stimulation. Brain, 142(10), 3280–3293. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz252
  • Lindenberg, R., Nachtigall, L., Meinzer, M., Sieg, M. M., & Flöel, A. (2013). Differential effects of dual and Unihemispheric motor cortex stimulation in older adults. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(21), 9176–9183. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0055-13.2013
  • List, J., Lesemann, A., Kübke, J. C., Külzow, N., Schreiber, S. J., & Flöel, A. (2015). Impact of tDCS on cerebral autoregulation in aging and in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Neurology, 84(6), 626–628. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001230
  • Lorenz, R., Simmons, L. E., Monti, R. P., Arthur, J. L., Limal, S., Laakso, I., Leech, R., & Violante, I. R. (2019). Efficiently searching through large tACS parameter spaces using closed-loop Bayesian optimization. Brain Stimulation, 12(6), 1484–1489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2019.07.003
  • Luauté, J., Michel, C., Rode, G., Pisella, L., Jacquin-Courtois, S., Costes, N., Cotton, F., le Bars, D., Boisson, D., Halligan, P., & Rossetti, Y. (2006). Functional anatomy of the therapeutic effects of prism adaptation on left neglect. Neurology, 66(12), 1859–1867. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000219614.33171.01
  • Malhotra, P., Coulthard, E. J., & Husain, M. (2009). Role of right posterior parietal cortex in maintaining attention to spatial locations over time. Brain, 132(Pt 3), 645–660. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn350
  • Malhotra, P., Mannan, S., Driver, J., & Husain, M. (2004). Impaired spatial working memory: One component of the visual neglect syndrome? Cortex, 40(4–5), 667–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70163-1
  • Malhotra, P. A., Parton, A. D., Greenwood, R., & Husain, M. (2006). Noradrenergic modulation of space exploration in visual neglect. Annals of Neurology, 59(1), 186–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20701
  • Manly, T. (2002). Cognitive rehabilitation for unilateral neglect: Review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12(4), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960201044000101
  • Marquez, J., van Vliet, P., McElduff, P., Lagopoulos, J., & Parsons, M. (2015). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): does it have merit in stroke rehabilitation? A systematic review. International Journal of Stroke, 10(3), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12169
  • Mesulam, M. M. (2000). Attentional networks, confusional states, and neglect syndromes. In M. M. Mesulam (Ed.), Principles of behavioral and cognitive neurology (2nd ed., pp. 174–256). Oxford University Press.
  • Minarik, T., Berger, B., Althaus, L., Bader, V., Biebl, B., Brotzeller, F., Fusban, T., Hegemann, J., Jesteadt, L., Kalweit, L., Leitner, M., Linke, F., Nabielska, N., Reiter, T., Schmitt, D., Spraetz, A., & Sauseng, P. (2016). The importance of sample size for reproducibility of tDCS effects. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 453–453. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00453
  • Moliadze, V., Antal, A., & Paulus, W. (2010). Electrode-distance dependent after-effects of transcranial direct and random noise stimulation with extracephalic reference electrodes. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121(12), 2165–2171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2010.04.033
  • Monte-Silva, K., Kuo, M. F., Hessenthaler, S., Fresnoza, S., Liebetanz, D., Paulus, W., & Nitsche, M. A. (2013). Induction of late LTP-like plasticity in the human motor cortex by repeated non-invasive brain stimulation. Brain Stimulation, 6(3), 424–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2012.04.011
  • Monte-Silva, K., Kuo, M. F., Liebetanz, D., Paulus, W., & Nitsche, M. A. (2010). Shaping the optimal repetition interval for cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Journal of Neurophysiology, 103(4), 1735–1740. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00924.2009
  • Moreno-Duarte, I., Gebodh, N., Schestatsky, P., Guleyupoglu, B., Reato, D., Bikson, M., & Fregni, F. (2014). Transcranial electrical stimulation. In R. C. Kadosh (Ed.), The stimulated brain (pp. 35–59). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-404704-4.00002-8
  • Muller-Dahlhaus, F., & Ziemann, U. (2015). Metaplasticity in human cortex. The Neuroscientist, 21(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858414526645
  • Müri, R. M., Cazzoli, D., Nef, T., Mosimann, U. P., Hopfner, S., & Nyffeler, T. (2013). Non-invasive brain stimulation in neglect rehabilitation: An update. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 248–248. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00248
  • Mylius, V., Ayache, S. S., Zouari, H. G., Aoun-Sebaiti, M., Farhat, W. H., & Lefaucheur, J. P. (2012). Stroke rehabilitation using noninvasive cortical stimulation: Hemispatial neglect. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12(8), 983–991. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.12.78
  • Nelson, J. T., McKinley, R. A., Golob, E. J., Warm, J. S., & Parasuraman, R. (2014). Enhancing vigilance in operators with prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Neuroimage, 85(Pt 3), 909–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.061
  • Nitsche, M. A., Cohen, L. G., Wassermann, E. M., Priori, A., Lang, N., Antal, A., Paulus, W., Hummel, F., Boggio, P. S., Fregni, F., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2008). Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008. Brain Stimulation, 1(3), 206–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004
  • Nitsche, M. A., Doemkes, S., Karakose, T., Antal, A., Liebetanz, D., Lang, N., Tergau, F., & Paulus, W. (2007). Shaping the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation of the human motor cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97(4), 3109–3117. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01312.2006
  • Nitsche, M. A., Liebetanz, D., Lang, N., Antal, A., Tergau, F., & Paulus, W. (2003). Safety criteria for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in humans. Clinical Neurophysiology, 114(11), 2220–2222. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00235-9
  • Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2000). Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. The Journal of Physiology, 527(3), 633–639. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x
  • Noetscher, G. M., Yanamadala, J., Makarov, S. N., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2014). Comparison of cephalic and extracephalic montages for transcranial direct current stimulation-a numerical study. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 61(9), 2488–2498. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2014.2322774
  • Nurmi, L., Ruuskanen, E. I., Nurmi, M., Koivisto, A. M., Parkkila, A. K., Numminen, H., Dastidar, P., & Jehkonen, M. (2018). Occurrence and recovery of different neglect-related symptoms in right hemisphere Infarct patients during a 1-year follow-Up. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 24(6), 617–628. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617718000176
  • Nyffeler, T., Cazzoli, D., Hess, C. W., & Muri, R. M. (2009). One session of repeated parietal theta burst stimulation trains induces long-lasting improvement of visual neglect. Stroke, 40(8), 2791–2796. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.109.552323
  • O'Connell, N. E., Cossar, J., Marston, L., Wand, B. M., Bunce, D., Moseley, G. L., & De Souza, L. H. (2012). Rethinking clinical trials of transcranial direct current stimulation: Participant and assessor blinding is inadequate at intensities of 2 mA. PloS one, 7(10), e47514. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047514
  • Ogden, J. A. (1985). Contralesional neglect of constructed visual images in right and left brain-damaged patients. Neuropsychologia, 23(2), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(85)90112-5
  • Olgiati, E., Violante, I., Li, L., Faraj, A., Sinclair, T., Crow, J., Wise, R., & Malhotra, P. (2019). Targeted brain stimulation to ameliorate vigilance in stroke: A combined tDCS-fMRI approach. Brain Stimulation, 12(2), 573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.899
  • Opitz, A., Falchier, A., Linn, G. S., Milham, M. P., & Schroeder, C. E. (2017). Limitations of ex vivo measurements for in vivo neuroscience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(20), 5243–5246. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617024114
  • O'Shea, J., Boudrias, M. H., Stagg, C. J., Bachtiar, V., Kischka, U., Blicher, J. U., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2014). Predicting behavioural response to TDCS in chronic motor stroke. Neuroimage, 85(Pt 3), 924–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.096
  • O'Shea, J., Revol, P., Cousijn, H., Near, J., Petitet, P., Jacquin-Courtois, S., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2017). Induced sensorimotor cortex plasticity remediates chronic treatment-resistant visual neglect. Elife, 6, e26602. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26602
  • Paolucci, S., Antonucci, G., Grasso, M. G., & Pizzamiglio, L. (2001). The role of unilateral spatial neglect in rehabilitation of right brain–damaged ischemic stroke patients: A matched comparison. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(6), 743–749. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.23191
  • Park, S.-H., Koh, E.-J., Choi, H.-Y., & Ko, M.-H. (2013). A double-blind, sham-controlled, Pilot study to assess the effects of the concomitant use of transcranial direct current stimulation with the computer assisted cognitive rehabilitation to the prefrontal cortex on cognitive functions in patients with stroke. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 54(6), 484–488. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2013.54.6.484
  • Peers, P. V., Cusack, R., & Duncan, J. (2006). Modulation of spatial bias in the dual task paradigm: Evidence from patients with unilateral parietal lesions and controls. Neuropsychologia, 44(8), 1325–1335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.033
  • Pirulli, C., Fertonani, A., & Miniussi, C. (2013). The role of timing in the induction of neuromodulation in perceptual learning by transcranial electric stimulation. Brain Stimulation, 6(4), 683–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2012.12.005
  • Pirulli, C., Fertonani, A., & Miniussi, C. (2014). Is neural hyperpolarization by cathodal stimulation always detrimental at the behavioral level? Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 226–226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00226
  • Pisella, L., Berberovic, N., & Mattingley, J. B. (2004). Impaired working memory for location but not for colour or shape in visual neglect: A comparison of parietal and non-parietal lesions. Cortex, 40(2), 379–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70132-1
  • Pizzamiglio, L., Guariglia, C., Antonucci, G., & Zoccolotti, P. (2006). Development of a rehabilitative program for unilateral neglect. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 24(4-6), 337–345.
  • Polania, R., Nitsche, M. A., & Ruff, C. C. (2018). Studying and modifying brain function with non-invasive brain stimulation. Nature Neuroscience, 21(2), 174–187. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-017-0054-4
  • Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32(1), 3–25.
  • Reis, J., Robertson, E., Krakauer, J. W., Rothwell, J., Marshall, L., Gerloff, C., Wassermann, E., Pascual-Leone, A., Hummel, F., Celnik, P. A., Classen, J., Floel, A., Ziemann, U., Paulus, W., Siebner, H. R., Born, J., & Cohen, L. G. (2008). Consensus: “Can tDCS and TMS enhance motor learning and memory formation?”. Brain Stimulation, 1(4), 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2008.08.001
  • Reis, J., Schambra, H. M., Cohen, L. G., Buch, E. R., Fritsch, B., Zarahn, E., Celnik, P. A., & Krakauer, J. W. (2009). Noninvasive cortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple days through an effect on consolidation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(5), 1590–1595. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805413106
  • Robertson, I. H. (1993). The relationship between lateralised and nonlateralised attentional deficits in unilateral neglect. In I. H. R. J. C. Marshall (Ed.), Unilateral neglect: Clinical and experimental studies (pp. 257–278). Psychology Press.
  • Robertson, I. H. (2001). Do we need the “lateral” in unilateral neglect? Spatially nonselective attention deficits in unilateral neglect and their implications for rehabilitation. Neuroimage, 14(1 Pt 2), S85–S90. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2001.0838
  • Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Beschin, N., Daini, R., Haeske-Dewick, H., Homberg, V., Jehkonen, M., Pizzamiglio, G., Shiel, A., & Weber, E. (1997a). Auditory sustained attention is a marker of unilateral spatial neglect. Neuropsychologia, 35(12), 1527–1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00084-5
  • Robertson, I. H., Mattingley, J. B., Rorden, C., & Driver, J. (1998). Phasic alerting of neglect patients overcomes their spatial deficit in visual awareness. Nature, 395(6698), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1038/25993
  • Robertson, I. H., Nico, D., & Hood, B. M. (1997b). Believing what you feel: Using proprioceptive feedback to reduce unilateral neglect. Neuropsychology, 11(1), 53. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0894-4105.11.1.53
  • Robertson, I. H., & North, N. (1993). Active and passive activation of left limbs: Influence on visual and sensory neglect. Neuropsychologia, 31(3), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(93)90093-F
  • Robertson, I. H., North, N. T., & Geggie, C. (1992). Spatiomotor cueing in unilateral left neglect: Three case studies of its therapeutic effects. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 55(9), 799–805. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.9.799
  • Robertson, I. H., Tegner, R., Tham, K., Lo, A., & Nimmo-Smith, I. (1995). Sustained attention training for unilateral neglect: Theoretical and rehabilitation implications. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17(3), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/01688639508405133
  • Rode, G., Lacour, S., Jacquin-Courtois, S., Pisella, L., Michel, C., Revol, P., Alahyane, N., Luaute, J., Gallagher, S., Halligan, P., Pelisson, D., & Rossetti, Y. (2015). Long-term sensorimotor and therapeutical effects of a mild regime of prism adaptation in spatial neglect. A double-blind RCT essay. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 58(2), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2014.10.004
  • Rossetti, Y., Rode, G., Pisella, L., Farne, A., Li, L., Boisson, D., & Perenin, M. T. (1998). Prism adaptation to a rightward optical deviation rehabilitates left hemispatial neglect. Nature, 395(6698), 166–169. https://doi.org/10.1038/25988
  • Rossi, C., Sallustio, F., Di Legge, S., Stanzione, P., & Koch, G. (2013). Transcranial direct current stimulation of the affected hemisphere does not accelerate recovery of acute stroke patients. European Journal of Neurology, 20(1), 202–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03703.x
  • Rossit, S., Benwell, C. S. Y., Szymanek, L., Learmonth, G., McKernan-Ward, L., Corrigan, E., Muir, K., Reeves, I., Duncan, G., Birschel, P., Roberts, M., Livingstone, K., Jackson, H., Castle, P., & Harvey, M. (2019). Efficacy of home-based visuomotor feedback training in stroke patients with chronic hemispatial neglect. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 29(2), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2016.1273119
  • Rosso, C., Valabregue, R., Arbizu, C., Ferrieux, S., Vargas, P., Humbert, F., & Attal, Y. (2014). Connectivity between right inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area predicts after-effects of right frontal cathodal tDCS on picture naming speed. Brain Stimulation, 7(1), 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2013.08.007
  • Ruf, S. P., Fallgatter, A. J., & Plewnia, C. (2017). Augmentation of working memory training by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Scientific Reports, 7(1), 876–876. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01055-1
  • Ruffini, G., Fox, M. D., Ripolles, O., Miranda, P. C., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2014). Optimization of multifocal transcranial current stimulation for weighted cortical pattern targeting from realistic modeling of electric fields. Neuroimage, 89, 216–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.002
  • Russo, C., Carneiro, M., Bolognini, N., & Fregni, F. (2017). Safety review of transcranial direct current stimulation in stroke. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 20. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.12574
  • Sadleir, R. J., Vannorsdall, T. D., Schretlen, D. J., & Gordon, B. (2012). Target optimization in transcranial direct current stimulation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 3, 90–90. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00090
  • Salazar, A. P. S., Vaz, P. G., Marchese, R. R., Stein, C., Pinto, C., & Pagnussat, A. S. (2018). Noninvasive brain stimulation Improves Hemispatial neglect after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(2), 355–366.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.07.009
  • Sattler, V., Acket, B., Raposo, N., Albucher, J. F., Thalamas, C., Loubinoux, I., Chollet, F., & Simonetta-Moreau, M. (2015). Anodal tDCS combined With Radial Nerve stimulation Promotes hand motor recovery in the acute phase after Ischemic stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 29(8), 743–754. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968314565465
  • Saturnino, G. B., Madsen, K. H., Siebner, H. R., & Thielscher, A. (2017). How to target inter-regional phase synchronization with dual-site transcranial Alternating current stimulation. Neuroimage, 163, 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.024
  • Schwippel, T., Papazova, I., Strube, W., Fallgatter, A. J., Hasan, A., & Plewnia, C. (2018). Beneficial effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 28(12), 1339–1350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.09.009
  • Sedda, A., Borghese, N. A., Ronchetti, M., Mainetti, R., Pasotti, F., Beretta, G., & Bottini, G. (2013). Using virtual reality to rehabilitate neglect. Behavioural Neurology, 26(3), 183–185. https://doi.org/10.3233/ben-2012-129006
  • Smit, M., Schutter, D. J., Nijboer, T. C., Visser-Meily, J. M., Kappelle, L. J., Kant, N., Penninx, J., & Dijkerman, H. C. (2015). Transcranial direct current stimulation to the parietal cortex in hemispatial neglect: A feasibility study. Neuropsychologia, 74, 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.014
  • Sparing, R., Thimm, M., Hesse, M., Küst, J., Karbe, H., & Fink, G. (2009). Bidirectional alterations of interhemispheric parietal balance by non-invasive cortical stimulation. Brain, 132(11), 3011–3020. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp154
  • Stagg, C. J., Bachtiar, V., O'Shea, J., Allman, C., Bosnell, R. A., Kischka, U., Matthews, P. M., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2012). Cortical activation changes underlying stimulation-induced behavioural gains in chronic stroke. Brain, 135(Pt 1), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr313
  • Stagg, C. J., Jayaram, G., Pastor, D., Kincses, Z. T., Matthews, P. M., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2011). Polarity and timing-dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in explicit motor learning. Neuropsychologia, 49(5), 800–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.009
  • Stagg, C. J., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2013). Studying the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in stroke recovery using magnetic resonance imaging. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 857. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00857
  • Stagg, C. J., & Nitsche, M. A. (2011). Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. The Neuroscientist, 17(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858410386614
  • Stone, S. P., Patel, P., & Greenwood, R. J. (1993). Selection of acute stroke patients for treatment of visual neglect. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 56(5), 463–466. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.56.5.463
  • Stone, S. P., Patel, P., Greenwood, R. J., & Halligan, P. W. (1992). Measuring visual neglect in acute stroke and predicting its recovery: The visual neglect recovery index. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 55(6), 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.6.431
  • Stone, S. P., Wilson, B., Wroot, A., Halligan, P. W., Lange, L. S., Marshall, J. C., & Greenwood, R. J. (1991). The assessment of visuo-spatial neglect after acute stroke. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 54(4), 345–350. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.54.4.345
  • Striemer, C. L., Ferber, S., & Danckert, J. (2013). Spatial working memory deficits represent a core challenge for rehabilitating neglect. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 334. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00334
  • Sunwoo, H., Kim, Y. H., Chang, W. H., Noh, S., Kim, E. J., & Ko, M. H. (2013). Effects of dual transcranial direct current stimulation on post-stroke unilateral visuospatial neglect. Neuroscience Letters, 554, 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.064
  • Thimm, M., Fink, G. R., Kust, J., Karbe, H., & Sturm, W. (2006). Impact of alertness training on spatial neglect: A behavioural and fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 44(7), 1230–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.008
  • Tseng, P., Hsu, T. Y., Chang, C. F., Tzeng, O. J., Hung, D. L., Muggleton, N. G., Walsh, V., Liang, W. K., Cheng, S. K., & Juan, C. H. (2012). Unleashing potential: Transcranial direct current stimulation over the right posterior parietal cortex improves change detection in low-performing individuals. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(31), 10554–10561. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0362-12.2012
  • Turgut, N., Miranda, M., Kastrup, A., Eling, P., & Hildebrandt, H. (2016). tDCS combined with optokinetic drift reduces egocentric neglect in severely impaired post-acute patients. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 28(4), 515–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2016.1202120
  • Turi, Z., Csifcsák, G., Boayue, N. M., Aslaksen, P., Antal, A., Paulus, W., Groot, J., Hawkins, G. E., Forstmann, B., Opitz, A., Thielscher, A., & Mittner, M. (2019). Blinding is compromised for transcranial direct current stimulation at 1 mA for 20 min in young healthy adults. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50(8), 3261–3268. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14403
  • Vallar, G., & Bolognini, N. (2011). Behavioural facilitation following brain stimulation: Implications for neurorehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(5), 618–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2011.574050
  • Vallar, G., & Bolognini, N. (2014). Unilateral spatial neglect. In A. C. Nobre & S. Kastner (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of attention (pp. 972–1027). Oxford University Press.
  • van Kessel, M. E., van Nes, I. J., Brouwer, W. H., Geurts, A. C., & Fasotti, L. (2010). Visuospatial asymmetry and non-spatial attention in subacute stroke patients with and without neglect. Cortex, 46(5), 602–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.06.004
  • Vernieri, F., Assenza, G., Maggio, P., Tibuzzi, F., Zappasodi, F., Altamura, C., Corbetto, M., Trotta, L., Palazzo, P., Ercolani, M., Tecchio, F., & Rossini, P. M. (2010). Cortical neuromodulation modifies cerebral vasomotor reactivity. Stroke, 41(9), 2087–2090. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.583088
  • Wagner, T., Fregni, F., Fecteau, S., Grodzinsky, A., Zahn, M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). Transcranial direct current stimulation: A computer-based human model study. Neuroimage, 35(3), 1113–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.027
  • Wagner, S., Lucka, F., Vorwerk, J., Herrmann, C. S., Nolte, G., Burger, M., & Wolters, C. H. (2016). Using reciprocity for relating the simulation of transcranial current stimulation to the EEG forward problem. Neuroimage, 140, 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.005
  • Wallace, D., Cooper, N. R., Paulmann, S., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Russo, R. (2016). Perceived Comfort and blinding efficacy in randomised sham-controlled transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) trials at 2 mA in young and older healthy adults. PloS one, 11(2), e0149703–e0149703. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149703
  • Waters-Metenier, S., Husain, M., Wiestler, T., & Diedrichsen, J. (2014). Bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation enhances effector-independent representations of motor synergy and sequence learning. The Journal of Neuroscience, 34(3), 1037–1050. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2282-13.2014
  • Wiethoff, S., Hamada, M., & Rothwell, J. C. (2014). Variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex. Brain Stimulation, 7(3), 468–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2014.02.003
  • Wilson, B., Cockburn, J., & Halligan, P. (1987). Development of a behavioral test of visuospatial neglect. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 68(2), 98–102.
  • Woods, A. J., Antal, A., Bikson, M., Boggio, P. S., Brunoni, A. R., Celnik, P., Cohen, L. G., Fregni, F., Herrmann, C. S., Kappenman, E. S., Knotkova, H., Liebetanz, D., Miniussi, C., Miranda, P. C., Paulus, W., Priori, A., Reato, D., Stagg, C., Wenderoth, N., & Nitsche, M. A. (2016). A technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools. Clinical Neurophysiology, 127(2), 1031–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.012
  • Yi, Y. G., Chun, M. H., Do, K. H., Sung, E. J., Kwon, Y. G., & Kim, D. Y. (2016). The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on neglect syndrome in stroke patients. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(2), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.223
  • Zaghi, S., Acar, M., Hultgren, B., Boggio, P. S., & Fregni, F. (2010). Noninvasive brain stimulation with low-intensity electrical currents: Putative mechanisms of action for direct and alternating current stimulation. The Neuroscientist, 16(3), 285–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858409336227
  • Zebhauser, P. T., Vernet, M., Unterburger, E., & Brem, A.-K. (2019). Visuospatial neglect - a Theory-Informed overview of current and Emerging strategies and a systematic review on the therapeutic Use of Non-invasive brain stimulation. Neuropsychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-019-09417-4
  • Zimmermann, P., & Fimm, B. (2002). A test battery for attentional performance. In M. Leclercq & P. Zimmermann (Eds.), Applied Neuropsychology of attention. Psychology Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.